Carl von Clausewitz: amaqiniso kusukela biography, usebenza, izingcaphuno

Umsebenzi edume kunazo ejwayelekile Prussian okuthiwa wonke umuntu ofundile Carl von Clausewitz waziwa - ". On neMpi" indatshana Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izitatimende Clausewitz kukhona ikuyo yonke indawo, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwazi ukufunda lesi umsebenzi enamakhasi angu-700, lilale amankeyane umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ngxabano lempi.

i-curriculum vitae

Carl von Clausewitz wayevela emndenini yizicukuthwane yezikhulu. Waqala inkambo lakhe lempi 1792. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, waba iziqu Berlin Military Academy. Clausewitz ke abamenyiwe kokuthunyelwe ka wempi, ngakho waqala ukukhonza esigodlweni Prince Agasti yasePrussia. lempi Young eyayihilelekile aphikisanayo Prussia neFrance, owafika eminyakeni 1806-1807. Lapho Prussia wahlulwa, Carl von Clausewitz wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa yezinguquko eziphathelene ibutho. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi waqala ukufundisa esikoleni nokubhala ucwaningo iphepha lakhe lokuqala - ". Basic Izimiso kweMpi"

Ngokushesha, Europe ngaqala ukuqaphela kwesiphetho ukungqubuzana phakathi Russia nase France. Clausewitz sesiza eRussia futhi uqale ebuthweni lezempi isiRashiya, lapho walwa kulo lonke impi ngaphansi kobuholi Jikelele P. P. Palena. Clausewitz nengxenye Battle of Borodino.

Ukuqala izifundo theory

Kusukela 1818 umhlaziyi lempi wasebenza njengoba umqondisi wesikole wezempi e-Berlin. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nguye balifundisise ezincwadini ezindabeni zezempi. Angaphezu kuka-130 izimpi nezingxabano - yilokho isamba impahla kufundwa ngenkathi Carl von Clausewitz.

"Impi On" - kunomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu induna, kodwa ngaphezu lo msebenzi, wabhala eziningi izifundo. Encwadini yakhe ethi kwesidoda, Clausewitz wahlola imiqondo ezifana injongo impi, okuqukethwe kwayo, izindlela benqobile futhi ukuhlulwa. Clausewitz kuyinto umcwaningi lokuqala, obani yabhekisela isici zokuziphatha empini.

Kwaba Carl von Clausewitz wethula into efana "operation lempi". Leli gama waqonda iketango ezincwadini izimpi futhi lixuku ukunyakaza for ukugcwaliseka injongo ethile. Clausewitz wakwazi kubonisa ukuthi ezikhathini zempi is ngenakugwemeka impi - izingxabano ezishubile phakathi kwezingane amabili aphikisanayo ahlomile. A ezihlukahlukene tricks izinduna bese ihamba Tactical kungaba kuphela encane umphumela jikelele kwempi, okuyinto ekugcineni kunqunywa ibhalansi amabutho.

"Impi On" - umsebenzi oyinhloko we-General enkulu

umsebenzi oyinhloko Clausewitz yakhishwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe (ukaputeni wabulawa ikholera). I indatshana "Ngo neMpi", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1832, ucwaningo akuphelele. Phakathi nokuphila jikelele waguqula ezinye ukubukwa, kodwa ukushintsha umsebenzi futhi akazange abe nesikhathi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umhlaziyi abakhulu, wathonya yalelozwe ka izinduna eziningi zamasosha ekuqa- XIX - eminyaka XX - kuyinto Carl von Clausewitz. Izincwadi ukuthi uye ebhaliwe ngaphezu umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko - kuyinto "Izimiso kweMpi", "Lo mkhankaso Italy Napoleon Bonaparte," "I-German umcabango lempi". Sebenza kulolu cwaningo ezinkulu - "On neMpi" - Clausewitz baqhubeka kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Ezinkondlweni zakhe, umlawuli wamabutho wayenesithakazelo izibhelu ikakhulukazi ahlomile leminyaka elidlule nengxenye. Lokho wakwazi ukubonisa ukwehluleka okuthiwa iKhabhinethi izimpi ezenzeka esikhathini XVII - eminyaka XVIII. Lezi zimpi, wakwazi yokulwisana ukunqoba nombani Napoleon. Umgomo wabo oyinhloko kwakungekho ukuzithumela kwezinye izindawo nokufa ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, futhi ukudabuka kwakhe ngokushesha. Injongo eyinhloko yomsebenzi wakhe "Ngo neMpi" Clausewitz wabona ukudalulwa izimfihlo esheshayo ngokunqoba sikaNapoleon.

Isimo Clausewitz sika eRussia

Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe eMbusweni isiRashiya, Clausewitz wayengakwazi noma ukuthanda abantu isiRashiya, hhayi ukufunda isiRashiya - ngokungafani compatriot yakhe Umbusikazi uCatherine II. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, izifundo zakhe theory eMbusweni Russian isikhathi eside wadlala indima okukhulu kunalokho eJalimane lwakubo. Ukubona lokhu jikelele wasetshenziswa inoveli uLeo Tolstoy edume "Impi Nokuthula". Kodwa kwakukhona nalabo amasosha, okuyiwona Clausewitz kwakumane German ezimfushane, which they cishe ukuthola ulwazi olusha.

Carl von Clausewitz: izingcaphuno, akudingeki kuphela impi

Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imibono Clausewitz zisebenza hhayi kuphela ezindabeni zezempi kodwa futhi ezindaweni ezifana marketing, umkhiqizo impi, le ngxabano zezombusazwe. "Injongo mpi ukuthula yafinyelelwa emigomeni okuyinto ziwusizo winner" - ingenye amalungiselelo eyinhloko Clausewitz, okungase kusetshenziswe kwezinye izindawo, ngaphezu ezindabeni zezempi.

Clausewitz sigcizelele sinqatshiwe ethandwa ngesikhathi wacabanga ukuthi ezwakalisa umbhali lempi Genrih Zhomini, ezindabeni zezempi ziyancipha kuya postulates theory kanye namafomula. "Ukuphishekela isitha, - wabhala Carl von Clausewitz - yisenzo wokunqoba yesibili, futhi ezimweni eziningi kubalulekile ezingaphezu kuka kwi kakhulu" Isici esiyinhloko okuphumelela kunoma yikuphi ukushayisana nokudideka Clausewitz kubhekwe isakhi zokuziphatha - .. Amandla umoya "Ngaphandle isibindi umholi ovelele Kuyinto engacabangeki ... "- waphawula emibhalweni yakhe nomyali.

Clausewitz waxwayisa: "Abaphilileyo ungakhumbuli esikhathini esidlule nakanjani bazokuphinda ukuphinda ke." Impi, wayekholelwa umkhuzi wezempi, akusiyo nje ingxabano ephakathi amabutho amabili aphikisanayo - kwayona ke kuliragelo kwenqubomgomo.

Ngemva komsebenzi "Ngo neMpi" baba incwadi ukuze umhlaziyi lempi elalaziwa ngaleyo nkathi Helmut von Moltke, Clausewitz baba umbhali edume kunazo zonke eYurophu. Abaholi abaningi abavelele lempi babeqondiswa imisebenzi yakhe.