Central nervous system

Emaphakathi isimiso sezinzwa ihlanganisa asebuchosheni nomgogodla. I ukubukeka lokuqala sengathi kancane isicaba intambo emuva. A ingqondo, etholakala ngaphakathi komgodi cranial, yakhiwa ama- ezimbili, cerebellum kanye umgqomo.

I physiology isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko ilawula ubudlelwane phakathi kuka-umzimba futhi imvelo, izimpendulo womuntu ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Futhi sibonga ukubambisana wakhe kufezeke kwezitho zomzimba. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi wayo kusekelwe ikhaliphe, njengoba umzimba iphendula izinguquko kancane e ezungezile noma yangaphakathi.

Sezinzwa uhlelo ezinzwa uqhuba ukuxhumana umzimba sisonke ngokusebenzisa izinzwa cranial (12 namabhuzu) kanye izimpande umgogodla (ka 31 ngazimbili). Imisipha, isikhumba, ingxenye izitho zomzimba izibilini "Imininingwane" adluliswa ngokusebenzisa umgogodla intambo afferent nezinzwa egijima kusukela ezimpandeni posterior. Futhi "Imininingwane" kusukela imisipha lwamathambo ihlinzekwa kuso nge izinzwa efferent egijima kusukela ezimpandeni posterior. Ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona ingqondo kubonisa indlela emgogodleni, kungaba efeza umsebenzi we reflex. umonakalo zayo kubandakanya ukudluliswa zonke pulses ukwephulwa (futhi afferent futhi efferent). Kusukela emgogodleni ebuchosheni emuva kukhona yemizila yezinzwa eziyisidingo nokuthanda ngokusebenzisa isiqu ingqondo, kukhona ingxenye ophazamisekile noma ukuphela. Oculomotor, sokuzwa kanye nezinzwa optic linamathele ubuchopho obuphakathi. Flow control agents, kwegazi, amandla kwenzeka diencephalon ngokuxhumana Imibono (ngaphakathi nangaphandle) ukusebenza endocrine kanye izinhlelo zenhliziyo. Cortex kuhlanganisa inqwaba sezinzwa. Lawa amaseli tabobunjwa, okuyizinto ngokufanele izingqimba eziningana futhi oxhumene esebenzisa izinqubo. Ingxenye ngayinye yale uqweqwe has a Ukwakheka ezihlukene zamangqamuzana, lihlotshaniswa umsebenzi ukuthi wenza.

Konke isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, yonke iminyango yayo yonke isenzo yokuziphatha kwabantu usebenze ngomthamo owodwa, kanjalo zakha isimiso uhlelo sokusebenza. Ngokombono lokhu kuqonda kusobala ukuthi yimuphi ukuphendula, noma yimuphi reflex landulelwa umsebenzi eside. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko incike izidingo zomzimba. Okokuqala bashukunyiswa nemfuneko umgomo - ushintsho imvelo ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa neurophysiology kwenzekani lamasu ngokwenza kusebenze ngokusebenzisa izikhungo subcortical we- cortex cerebral. Bathumela labo pulses lapho umzimba kakhulu isidingo okwamanje. Isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko sifuna ukwanelisa isisusa evelele. Kuze kube yimanje, ke synthesizes lonke ulwazi olutholakala ngesimo yangaphandle futhi imvelo zomzimba zangaphakathi, bese nokobana isenzo kokuziphatha.

Ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Lokhu kwasekuzalweni, futhi kahle kwegazi, umthelela ukuhlukumezeka, umphumela isimila noma ukuvuvukala. I asebuchosheni nomgogodla bayatfutfuka zinokukhubazeka okungathi uma ingane ekhulayo elandelayo izingozi kuthinte: ukudluliswa kukamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukulimala siqu, ukuchayeka emisebeni, okuyinto bavezwa ezinobuthi, ukuba umlutha wotshwala kokubili abazali noma omunye wabo. Hhayi indima okungenani e okuvela kwezinso kanye ufuzo kudlala.

Ikakhulukazi ukukhubazeka ezinzima zenzeka lapho la maqiniso angenhla kuthinte umbungu ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Phakathi kwabo, kwasekuqaleni kuhlala iphimbo (esikhathini ventricles zobuchopho aqoqana esiningi cerebrospinal fluid) kanye microcephaly (ubuchopho ampofu ugebhezi). Ithonya ukunqoba ohlelweni bese kombungu yomgogodla ugebhezi.