Glass Imboni Worker Day eRussia - 19 Novemba

Nsuku zonke, abantu uyawuthanda izithelo lomtshikatshika abasebenzi zokukhiqiza ingilazi. Manje into sekuyinsakavukela futhi luvame, futhi ukuthenga esinye izinto ezenziwe ngengilazi, akekho kumangala nenhlonipho kuyinto mncane kuphela umsebenzi wobuciko kakhulu. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi kunokuba senze ngendlela evamile kubantu abavamile ingilazi yefasitelana ishidi embozwe sezinkomo esinyeni noma isikhumba burbot. Mica iwindi-sill babe ukuphakama zikanokusho umona, ingasaphathwa glassware, okuyinto zenani singekho. amakhosi zasendulo zivame kwadingeka bakhokhele ukulala izimfihlo enjalo komkhuba kithi ingilazi yayo.

Glass Imboni Worker Day

ERussia, uchwepheshe iholide glaziers hhayi zokuphola usuku Novemba 19, kungcono usuku lokuzalwa Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, usosayensi omkhulu Russian. Wakwazi ukwakha ubuchwepheshe ehlukile ukukhiqizwa zobumba mass glazes ezinemibala, elalisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza sebuningini izithombe KaMose. Ukukhokha ngenxa yakhe ukuze evelele usosayensi Russian, kusukela ngo-2000 Usuku ingilazi umkhakha balugubhe usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe.

Indlela Thola Glass

Ngisho indoda bakudala wasebenzisa ingilazi odabuka yemvelo, wenziwe obsidian futhi tektites ezinye amathuluzi alula futhi izikhali - arrowheads nemikhonto, imimese, scrapers futhi choppers. Kukholakala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ingilazi, njengabanye bathole okuningi kwenzeke ngengozi, futhi thina esikukweleta lokhu kokhokho ngubani ukupheka futhi bayobhaka zobumba okuhleliwe kwemizi esihlabathini imigodi. Amazinga ngesikhathi omlilo ngezingodo notshani obomile akuzwa kwakwanele ukuba Ncibilikisa isihlabathi uqalise. Yena ixubene umlotha ukwakha mass lwengilazi. Lokhu kuboniswa imiphumela emasayithini wemizi yasendulo izimbiza ubumba oluxube glaze ezinhlangothini futhi phansi.

Umlando ukukhiqizwa ingilazi

Glass, wathola ngesikhathi abavubukuli kwa-Egypt naseningizimu Iraq, abonisa ukuthi Sumerians nabaseGibhithe lasendulo eminyakeni engaphezu kwemihlanu amawaka edlule kahle ikhono lokwenza izinto zokuhloba futhi ingilazi KaMose. Creations amakhosi ezahlukene umusa okhethekile lasendulo, kodwa hhayi ngale.

Glassmaking lithole negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Izihloko ezenziwe ngengilazi babé yinto lezimpahla esihle kakhulu ukuhweba, okuyinto eyangithinta nenzuzo on ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa yayo. Alexandria, eyayiphansi protectorate Roman, waba yisikhungo enkulu ekukhiqizeni ingilazi ngaleso sikhathi. Wizards bakwazi ukufeza izinto obala ingilazi womshini, okwenezela zokupheka lwaseGibhithe lasendulo oxide manganese. Ukuvulwa uzibophezele ngalolo suku elikude, angababaza abathi isihloko "Usuku umkhakha ingilazi eminingi edlule."

Glass waqala kabanzi bokwakha: Le nkathi ngengilazi namabala. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, izingcweti European kahle ukukhiqizwa ingilazi flat. Bona kushaywa ifomu eziyize unxande bese avule baliqume ukuthela amashidi flat.

Negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni ingilazi wenza amakhosi Venetian. Babesebenzisa emsebenzini wabo bonke ubuchwepheshe yakamuva isikhathi. Nombono wokuthi "ingilazi Venetian", ngokwako ukhuluma mayelana nekhwalithi kanye funa ukuthola le mikhiqizo. izimfihlo glassmaking kuthiwa zigadiwe, ngakho abasebenzi angaphandle ukuba siqashe akuvumelekile. Kamuva, wonke ukukhiqizwa main ihanjiswe esiqhingini Murano. Futhi kuze kube namuhla, evakashela e-Italy, izivakashi zama ukuthenga imikhiqizo edumile Murano glass.

ukukhiqizwa ingilazi eRussia

Imivubukulo ibonisa ukuthi amakhosi Kievan Rus 'wayaziwa kahle ubuciko ingilazi ukwenziwa, kodwa kuba izikebhe, njengabanye abaningi, kulahleke ngemva ayehlasela amaMongol.

Glass Imboni Worker Day wayesekhona kude ethi, kodwa ngo-1630 lapho kwaba ifektri ingilazi edolobhaneni Dukhanino eduze eMoscow, futhi 1669 eqala ukukhiqiza ngengilazi ukuze izidingo lesigodlo lesi sitshalo e Izmailovo. Velikiy Petr umema okungcono amakhosi aseYurophu, futhi ingilazi icala eRussia iqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha. Kukhona okuningi bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni kanye yangasese ukwenziwa ingilazi, futhi umama Russian kuthiwa mncintiswano sina-Europe.

Yiqiniso, Suku ingilazi umkhakha uma kungenjalo kugujwa, kodwa izingcweti zethu akusebenzanga kule ubuciko ezincane futhi yingcweti ngokuphelele lasendulo. UMdali odumile iphethini idayimane ngesimo izitshalo futhi isithwathwa Zubanova ingilazi okhazinyulisiwe icala Russia. Umuzi uGus-Crystal waba uphawu futhi ukuziqhenya ukukhiqizwa crystal Russian.

Glass Imboni Worker Day eRussia

Namuhla, le industry ithuthuka ngokushesha. Ikhishwa futhi yingcweti ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo zemikhiqizo, ukukhula ngonyaka zokukhiqiza basekhaya 10 kuya 12%. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imboni ingilazi yasekhaya ethuthuka ngempumelelo futhi ebalulekile engaba komnotho wezwe. Usuku ingilazi umkhakha isisebenzi lugujwa amabhizinisi izenzakalo futhi wanelise amakhonsathi, ke lugujwa bonke abantu abanhliziyo umsebenzi e ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne ingilazi.

Petersburg nga-19 Novemba okuyinto ngonyaka embukisweni anikezelwe ikhono glassblowers. Bheka umsebenzi oncomekayo uheha abantu abasuka ezweni lonke.

Siyazi lapho Suku ingilazi umkhakha It kugujwa eRussia, futhi zashaya ukuhalalisela amakhosi ethu esine iholide babo bomsebenzi.