Ngaya eYoshkar-Ola: izikhangibavakashi, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

"Red City" - ngakho ihumusha igama Mari Mari El dolobha. Bonke ababelemikhumbi ithuba ukuza lapha muva nje, akazange ukufihla ukumangala wakhe futhi lokho okushiwoyo kugxile kuzo phezu kwabo ngaya eYoshkar-Ola. Izikhangibavakashi azivamile ngempela, abaningi babo lesiRotuma.

kusukela esikhathini esidlule

Umlando ngaya eYoshkar-Ola waqala ngaleso sikhathi ezikude lapho Mari izwe lebhalwe Russia ngemva kokunqotshwa yaseKazan Khanate ibutho Ivana Groznogo phakathi nekhulu le-16. Tsarev idolobha emfuleni Kokshaga noma Tsarevokokshaisk, kukhulunywa ngaye ngokokuqala zemihla e 1584, nakuba izinsolo abavubukuli, e abantu Mesolithic kakade ezweni.

City abaqala ngaso inqaba eyakhelwe ukuvikela umhlaba kanye eyenziwa kuphela umsebenzi wezempi. Kuphethwe umbusi inqaba obubusa izandla waba izikhulu zempi kodwa futhi zokuphatha, namaphepha zokwahlulela hhayi kuphela. Kancane kancane laqala ukusetshenziswa abahwebi, ababazi, abalimi, abangahambi ngokuvamile bazinza edolobheni futhi sahlala ezweni nxazonke. Lena yindlela umuzi wabantu, nemizana kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.

isikhathi sethu

Modern ngaya eYoshkar-Ola kwakhiwa esikhathini kusuka 1941 kuya ku-1990 futhi uyaqhubeka ukuba zakhelwe namuhla. Ikakhulukazi ngashintsha nokubukeka kuleminyaka 10 edlule, ngemva "Capital" zohlelo sivunyiwe edolobheni.

Kubuyekeziwe edolobheni nge esidlule ocebile futhi isikhungo enkulu isiko Finno-Ugric abantu - lokhu kubonakala kithi yesimanje ngaya eYoshkar-Ola. Izikhangibavakashi ukuthi uqiniseka angabonwa - iyona zamasiko, zomlando yezakhiwo izikhumbuzo, sibonakalisa nezikhathi ezahlukene zentuthuko esifundeni. Phakathi kwalezi izindlu ezindala, amasonto, izakhiwo ezingokomlando, izikwele, kanye eziqoshiwe eziningi. Indima ebalulekile empilweni yamasiko inhloko-dolobha Mari El adlala amathiyetha iminyuziyamu.

Amahholo

Engenakulibaleka ukuphila waseshashalazini ka ngaya eYoshkar-Ola ethulwa zonke izinhlobo zakudala yobuciko ezigcawugcawu.

Ngo-1968, ngenxa ukuguquka Drama kuhlanganiswe Theatre. Mayorov-Shketan Umculo futhi Drama Theatre yasungulwa. Ngo-1994-ke iqanjwe kabusha. Ngakho kwaba khona Mari State Opera and Theatre Ballet. Eric Sapaev, okuthiwa umqambi Mari Soviet, umbhali of the opera lokuqala lukazwelonke. Ngesisekelo ngezithako zawo abathweswe iziqu ezikoleni choreographic futhi conservatories e Moscow, eLeningrad, Kazan, Perm, Gorky. Ngakho yaseshashalazini abasha Ukusebenza esikoleni kazwelonke waqala kumiswa. Enkundleni yayo ukuthi wathunyelwa imisebenzi mayelana 50 zakudala kanye wesimanje ballet, i-opera, Awe-Operetta art kanye nemidlalo zezingane. Namuhla, repertoire kuhlanganisa opera kazwelonke "Aldiar" E. Arkhipova, "Akpatyr" Sapaev, umdanso we-ballet "Ihlathi legend" umqambi A. Luppova. Ukuziqhenya Theatre - nobuciko bokusina: umdanso we-ballet "The Nutcracker" futhi "Swan Lake" by Tchaikovsky, "Romeo and Juliet" by Prokofiev, "Don Quixote" by Minkus. Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-11 enkundleni yemidlalo yase-festival international "Winter Nights" ne iqhaza of the opera kanye ballet abadansi ezivela eRussia, e-Italy, eJapane, Melika. Ngo-2002, baqala ukufeza umkhosi kuphela emhlabeni elalinikezelwe ballerina omkhulu Galina Ulanova. Theatre babuka hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya ngempumelelo. Lena China, Arab Emirates, eJalimane, South Korea, eMelika Ephakathi, Taiwan, Lebanon nakwamanye amazwe. Namuhla, le nkundla usesikhundleni ukwakha isakhiwo esisha, eyakhelwe akunjalo kudala ngaye. Ngu kuhlomisa kubhekwa the best in the iVolga esifundeni.

Mari National Drama Theatre. Shketan, okuyinto omdala kuleli zwe, baqala nomlando wayo nge imikhiqizo amateur ngoNovemba 1919. Kusukela ngo-1929, iyinhlangano isikhungo okhokhelwayo kwamasiko, kamuva elaba omunye the best in Russia. Theatre Ihileleke emhlabeni wokuphila yaseshashalazini, ngenkathi sigcina ukuvelela kwawo njengesizwe. Kulaba imiklomelo yena iye yaklonyeliswa "Golden Palm" - umklomelo we-Association of amatiyetha European.

Enhloko-dolobha yase-Mari El Academic Russian Drama Theatre yaqanjwa G. Konstantinov, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo 1919. Ekuthuthukisweni yayo nomthelela abaqondisi eziningi. Indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke kungokwalabo umqondisi oyinhloko UGrigory Konstantinov, owayeneminyaka kulesi sikhundla kusukela ngo-1964 kuya 1994. Ngo isinyathelo kwakhe ngo-1993 sidalwe-International Association of amatiyetha Russian, indlunkulu esemgwaqweni ngaya eYoshkar-Ola. Ngo-September 1994, lo nkundla okuthiwa Konstantinov. Ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo Russian Drama Theatre yaseshashalazini imisebenzi classical kanye wesimanje. Phakathi best kungenziwa ngokuthi "Othello" by uShakespeare, "Inkosi uTheodore Ioanovich" A. K. Tolstogo, "esidlekeni grouse" Rozov, "Easy Money" by Ostrovsky, "AmaFilisti" Gorky, "unembeza" Pavlová.

Ngo-1991 e ngaya eYoshkar-Ola, ngesisekelo Russian Drama Theatre yaqanjwa Konstantinov, iMari Youth Theatre wavulwa. Manje yena repertoire of 35 kudlala esekelwe imisebenzi zabuna kazwelonke, Russian kanye angaphandle kanye idrama yesimanje. Ukuze sonke isikhathi esiteji kwathiwa enikeziwe ezingaphezu kuka-80 ukusebenza izingane kanye nabantu abadala ku Mari nezilimi Russian. Troupe njalo uya uhambo yonkana eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

iminyuziyamu

Umlando, isiko, amasiko kanye ukuphila weMari abantu kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza amaqoqo eminyuziyamu ngaya eYoshkar-Ola izinkomba ezahlukene.

Museum of umlando emzini ngaya eYoshkar-Ola uku amaqoqo izinto zezindawo okwakuhlalwa kuzona emandulo, heraldry, ethnography, imisebenzi emihle futhi isetshenziswa ubuciko, izithombe. It ligcinwe wokwakha ezimbili storey obomvu isitini, elakhiwa ngo-1911 enkabeni yedolobha. Le ndlu, manje azikutholi lesikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha ukubaluleka kazwelonke, ingeyamakhosi abadumile bendawo abathengisi abathengisi Timber Chulkov. inxuluma Umlisa owayengumBuddha yomthengisi liqukethe isakhiwo eyinhloko, nekamelo namasango zamatshe, ahlotshiswe izakhi Art Nouveau. Lo mbukiso unomphela presents umlando ngaya eYoshkar-Ola kusuka 1584 kuya 1917. Izivakashi Uzofunda ngemvelaphi edolobheni-inqaba Tsarevo, mayelana yayakhiwe kanjani, ukukhula kwawo, ukuphila namasiko izakhamizi, isiphetho ngabantu abadumile. Inkathi ngayinye kukhona nemibukiso thematic. Okwamanje, i-Museum of History lomuzi ka ngaya eYoshkar-Ola iyakwamukela embukisweni isithombe "City nesikhathi." On izithombe esiyingqayizivele ungabona lokho ngaya eYoshkar-Ola eminyakeni ezahlukene kwekhulu elidlule. nemibukiso lesikhashana libonise ukuphila yedolobha lanamuhla, wethulwa amabhizinisi, umlando emgwaqweni, izakhamuzi yokudala, izenzo yesihle.

Osetshenziswayo Folk Ubuciko Museum kwavulwa izivakashi ngo-1999, ngo-nesakhiwo esimenyezelwe yefa lesizwe weRiphabhulikhi Mari El. Lokhu indlu wenziwe ngokhuni ne openwork eqoshwe lakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngaphambi inguquko, kwathiwa okungewakho lendawo umkhandlu wesifunda Lokhanov usonkontileka. Museum kuveza abantu yezandla, umlando wokuphila weMari abantu. Ubude eqoqwe izinto mayelana 250, kuhlanganise izinto ethnographic, amasampula yobuciko neyezandla esihle. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona zokubhukuda bendabuko ngendwangu efekethisiwe, Ababazi bakha ifenisha, ladles ezibaziweyo, zomculo, eyenziwe izingcweti. Museum of Applied Folk Ubuciko uhlela emikhosini yaminyaka yonke kanye nemibukiso.

Ngo-1961, i-esenzeka ngalo umqambi Russian wokuqala owaba umsunguli umculo professional kazwelonke, kwavulwa Museum yesikhumbuzo JS Klyuchnikova-Palant. It iseningizimu indlu yamapulangwe lapho umqambi wachitha eminye iminyaka engu zokugcina. Lo mbukiso itholakala amakamelo amathathu lapho ukusungulwa ekhaya impahla abameleli lezihlakaniphi yesifundazwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lapha kuyagcinwa inokwethenjelwa izinto zasekhaya, ifenisha, yesandla nezinye izinto amalungu omndeni Palant. Museum elibamba nemibukiso, umculo nobusuku obungamashumi amane, izinkulumo, imihlangano nge bomculo.

iminyuziyamu Ubuciko nemibukiso

Museum of Fine Arts weRiphabhulikhi Mari El, eyasungulwa ngo-1989, usebenza tinkhombandlela eziningana. Itholakala isakhiwo ayakhiwe ngu wezakhiwo uVladimir Babenko ngo-1980. Ngaphezu imisebenzi Mari buciko kanye art isicelo, lapha emelelwa Umdwebo isiRashiya, ebaziwe, ihluzo, kanye nemisebenzi ngazinye abadwebi Western nabaculi ingcaca. Museum elibamba izinkulumo zeningi, lapho ungathola kangcono umlando ubuciko, kanye namasiko emhlabeni wezobuciko, wezomlando, ubuciko Mari. izimali Its Isitoreji amayunithi ayizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka 7.. Museum ibonisa imidwebo ngabaculi Russian kwekhulu le-19 (Serov, Shishkin, Makovsky, Yegorov). Yabakhanga imisebenzi wesimanje Finno-Ugric art ku etnosimvolizma ukuhluza kanye ethnofuturism. Lezi izithombe Mari abaculi - A. Ivanova, S. Evdokimova, V. Bogolyubov, AI Efimova. Ngaphezu embukisweni unomphela Museum ungavakashela imibukiso ukuthi zide.

National Gallery of Art - lena main embukisweni endaweni yenhloko-dolobha. It yasungulwa ngo-2007 njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni Museum of Fine Arts. Igalari isendaweni square eyinhloko ngaya eYoshkar-Ola. It has imishini eziningi zalezi zinsuku: ekulawuleni isimo sezulu, video ukubhekwa kanye nemililo, izibani ezikhethekile, nokuvikeleka alamu, mobile imishini setfulo. Igalari labetibambile umsebenzi asebenzayo embukisweni. Izivakashi bajwayelane umsebenzi Mari nabaculi isiRashiya, ezibukwayo abaculi republic iVolga, kanye amaqoqo iminyuziyamu Russian. Kukhona-class emhlabeni nemibukiso. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, igalari weMari El izakhamizi waba nalo yini ithuba ukubona imisebenzi Edgara Dega, uDali, u-Ilya Glazunov, Nikas Safronov, benua De Stetto. At the site yezindawo ezinkulu iqoqo embukisweni rossiyskiyh iminyuziyamu: i Tretyakov Igalari, i Zlatoust izikhali Museum, Amber Museum (Kaliningrad). Impumelelo baye baba nemibukiso ezilandelayo:

• "Buyela. Besuka eYurophu beya e-Russia, "benua De Stetto.
• "Ethi Faces of Time" - mayelana namasiko weMari esifundeni.
• embukisweni Siqu umdwebi Nikas Safronov.
• Photo embukisweni "Collection Private" E. Christmas.
• "IGolide oLwandle iBaltic" - kusuka eqoqweni wabahwebi we-Amber Museum e Kaliningrad.

Ngemva kokuvula ku igalari egatsheni olubonakalayo izakhamuzi State Russian Museum of ngaya eYoshkar-Ola Usekhaya ukubazi nge obukhulu kuzo ezobuciko yeminyuziyamu elikhulu enhlokodolobha enyakatho.

ezikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha

Izinto ezibalulekile emlandweni, yezakhiwo kanye namasiko kukhona, njengoba umthetho, endaweni mlando edolobheni. Ngeshwa, ngaya eYoshkar-Ola wahlala kancane izakhiwo zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. Phakathi izindlu yilaba bathengisi ':

• Chulkova indlu (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19), okuyinto iwuMnyuziyamu Museum yezindaba zemihla emzini ngaya eYoshkar-Ola.
• Manor yomthengisi Pchelina (ekhulwini le-18).
• Indlu Karelin (maphakathi nekhulu le-18).
• Indlu Bulygin (maphakathi nekhulu le-19).
• Naumova endlini nge imihlobiso eqoshiwe futhi wakha izakhiwo ezinkulu sokhuni (wekhulu 19-20th). Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ubudala, ohlala edolobheni.

amathempeli

Ngeshwa, cishe wonke amasonto kwekhulu le-18, ziye ngokuphelele noma ingxenye libhujiswa ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet. Nanamuhla idolobha has amasonto, okuye ukwakhiwa kabusha noma kabusha. Phakathi kwabo:

• Zintathu Isonto laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo lokuqala itshe futhi omunye omdala edolobheni (1736). izimali ukwakhiwa zanikezwa ngumthengisi abancane kanye nabalimi abancane Vishnyakov Osokin. Kwakuyisikhathi bendabuko wokwakha ezimbili storey ehlanganisa quadrangle enkulu nge Refectory. Chetverik yagcotshwa ne domes ezinhlanu, phansi kwaba St Nicholas yesonto, multi-tiered isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi wema eceleni. Ngo-30 yalolucwaningo esontweni yavalwa, umbhoshongo isikhencezo isihlanganisi phezulu kwabhujiswa. Izulu laqala alulame ku iphrojekthi entsha ngo-1995 futhi igcwaliswe kuphela ngo-2008 okusha isakhiwo walondoloza amafomu isici izakhiwo zesonto kwekhulu le-18. Kwaba esisodwa sezakhiwo ezinhle kunazo emzini. Ithempeli ixhunywe insimbi esebenzisa lwaleli, futhi ezakheke engavamile lwaluba legolide domes ophahleni ezinhlanu.
• Cathedral of the Ascension yayakhiwe umthengisi Pchelina e 1756. Wayengumuntu octagon phezu quadrangle nge igalari, igumbi lokudlela elikhulu kanye khulula emi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi in eziyizitezi. Ibandla yavalwa ngo-1937, ngakwazi ukubona kancane, ubhubhe kabusha, khona-ke ukuvalelwa a kudayiswa khona utshwala. Ngo-1992 ethempelini waphindiselwa amakholwa futhi kwalungiswa. Kusukela ngo-1993, isonto lombhishobhi has isimo lombhishobhi.
• Cathedral of the Resurrection kaKristu ne-decor ku Moscow isitayela baraque waba kuleli gatsha elakhiwa ngo 1759. Kwaba quadrangle odnosvetny nge octagons ezimbili, nokuncipha ububanzi. Isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi in the imikhakha emine eyakhelwe ngasekupheleni 18th futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Refectory futhi ezimbili Izindlwana (Fedora Stratilata futhi Basil) ezakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngo-1928 isonto yavalwa, elingenhla octagonal isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi futhi ubhujiswe. Kuphela ngo-1944 isakhiwo waphindiselwa emakholweni, kodwa ngo-1961 esontweni lombhishobhi yavalwa futhi bawubhubhisa ngokuphelele. Kuphela 2008 ukwakhiwa entsha ebandla aqala, eyathatha kuze 2010. Kubuyekeziwe iKazan Cathedral, yakhelwe isitayela Baroque kwekhulu le-18, ke lanikezelwa ngo-2010.

• Church of kweNyuka Blessed Virgin Mary yasungulwa ngo 2005 njengoba sesonto lobu-Orthodox. isakhiwo Style, eduze neo-WaseByzantium, lakhiwa 2005-2006.
• Church of Our Lady of Tikhvin lakhiwa ngo-1774 (ngokuvumelana neoy, lapho kwakukhona yesonto St George (engafakwanga). Umbhoshongo insimbi wawusegunjini ngaphezu Refectory. Ibandla yavalwa ngo-1929, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kancane kabusha. Wabuyela abakholwa 90s futhi kabusha. endaweni emathuneni manje epaki.

ezikhumbuzo

Ngaya eYoshkar-Ola, eziningi amasayithi ezahlukene ngokumelene lapho izivakashi uthande ukuba izithombe, futhi benze izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo. Phakathi edume kunazo:

• Ukuqopha "Isihlahla Sokuphila", ise-Park of Culture kanye nezokungcebeleka, ibonisa umlingisi kazwelonke weMari esifundeni. Isikhumbuzo, olwasungulwa umculi Andrei Kovalchuk, yasungulwa ngo-2008. Maphakathi ukwakheka kukhona isihlahla, elimelela ukuphila kanye nohide izizukulwane futhi zitholakala emhlabeni abaculi amathathu ethusi, okuqondene izizukulwane ezahlukene, amathuluzi kazwelonke ezandleni. Le ndoda endala udlala imitshingo, indoda ihabhu, umfana sigubhu. lesikhumbuzo amamitha amathathu okusezingeni eliphezulu unendima okuhle epaki, lapho kungabonakala ngokucacile kusukela noma yikuphi.
• Isikhumbuzo Obolensky-Nogotkov - umsunguli waleli dolobha, umbusi wokuqala - isethwe esigcawini eponymous phambi kwesakhiwo sikahulumeni. imitha-Six ukuphakama lesikhumbuzo iwuphawu ngaya eYoshkar-Ola futhi omunye ezikhangayo zako ezisemqoka. Prince Obolensky, marigold uvezwa ngehhashi izingalo. Itshe lesikhumbuzo sidalwe umqophi A. Kovalchuk imidwebo ngo-2007.

• On endaweni eduze esiteshini sesitimela Mari elaziwayo umlingisi Soviet nokunye setha lesikhumbuzo ngethusi. Yvan Kyrlya ukuboniswa ehlezi inqola, njengoba lalinjalo ifilimu "Eya Ekuphileni" lapho kudlalwa indima Mustafa - umholi izingane ezihlala emigaqweni.
• Ikhophi Tsar Cannon eyenziwe 2007. Le khophi nokuhafula original edumile, waphonswa lethusi A. Chokhov e 1586. Mari isibhamu, okuyinto kanye isisindo nuclei kuyinto amathani 12, senziwe Zvenigovsky Plant. Butyakov. Ngokusho amakhosi, kungaba ukudubula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, it is eziphothene nengaphakathi emgqonyeni.

ezikhangayo engavamile

Abantu abaningi bayamangala yesimanje ngaya eYoshkar-Ola. Izikhangibavakashi kukhona Amazing, ngisho eziyinqaba.

Omunye wabo - isikhumbuzo of isando, okuyinto Kumiswa 2008, e-umhubhe phambi ehhovisi isakhiwo inkampani ukwakhiwa. imitha nane isando metal enesisindo ezimbili kanye amathani uhhafu amaphuzu nail phansi. Umbhali we umqondo - umongameli wenkampani ukwakhiwa - wanquma ngaleyo ndlela ukuzoqhubekisela umsebenzi we izisebenzi, uzikhokhele umtselo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, eduze kwesando isikhumbuzo isisebenzi ingubo Umakhi ngesitini esandleni sakhe.

Ngaphambi kokungena isakhiwo esifanayo, budebuduze esifanekisweni ngesando, kusenabantu ezikhangayo ezimbili zokuqala - blue indlovu ukuphakama kwamamitha mayelana 1.5 esihlalweni omkhulu.

Okuxakayo kukhona ebaziwe zethusi enkabeni yedolobha eduze isakhiwo main inyuvesi. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo Yoshkinu ikati, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo 2011. Abalobi of the ukwakheka - futhi C. A. Shirnin Yandubaev, ebaziwe olubunjiwe Kazan, indlela usomabhizinisi eMoscow. Ngo-2013, eduze Yoshkinogo ikati, lounging ebhentshini, isikhumbuzo Yoshkinoy ikati, ukufakwa zazo sanikezelwa kokutholakala amathilomu eponymous.

Umklamo entsha inhlokodolobha

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukubukeka weDolobha kwashintsha kakhulu. ukwakhiwa Kwenziwa lapha, ubukhulu okuyizinto ziyashaqisa. Ngqo phambi phezulu ebhilidini izitayela ahlukahlukene aseYurophu yezakhiwo. ezitaladini okusha futhi izikwele izakhiwo ezimangalisayo kubonakale kumnandi, ithoyizi futhi okusikhumbuza kancane indawo.

zokungcebeleka UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki, akungabazeki, zihlanganisa Bryggen, okuyinto yethiwa edolobheni eBelgium. Uma ufika ku-mgwaqo, angikwazi usizo ukucabanga ukuthi wayengumuntu edolobheni laseYurophu of Bruges. Quay eyakhelwe ngokuphelele izindlu isitayela lase, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo Flanders ephakathi. amahle Ikakhulukazi lapha ebusuku lapho izibani ezimibalabala.

Izivakashi uqaphele ukuthi ngaya eYoshkar-Ola ethulwa ukumangala ezinkulu, sishiya isikhungo isidina ukuzimela Soviet emzini ezithakazelisayo lapho ufuna ukuya khona emuva. Abaningi basho amazwi umbono wokuthi izakhiwo kuyinto impikiswano, kodwa iqiniso ukuthi kuyinto engavamile, sikhumbuleke, omuhle, cishe zonke ezivumayo.

A ukumangala ekhethekile izivakashi iyona umbhoshongo Annunciation nge Chime. Lena ikhophi encane Spasskaya Tower eMoscow. Abaningi izivakashi nje iwela stupor ngokuzuma uma uzwa chime, okuyinto nse enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuyinto compact ngaya eYoshkar-Ola, zalo ezikhangayo zihlukene futhi eziningi. Wonke umuntu ukuvakashela leli dolobha elihle Njengoba edlulisela amasiko ekhazimulayo, liyoba yinto ukukhumbula nento ukutshela abangane bakho.