Non-carious izilonda amazinyo: izinhlobo, izimbangela, ukwelashwa

Non-carious izilonda amazinyo - into njalo umkhuba yamazinyo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa anhlobonhlobo yezifo omsakazo ezahlukene, futhi kubonakaliswa emtholampilo.

umqondo jikelele

izilonda Non-carious amazinyo - iqembu elikhulu izifo kanye pathologies. Lezi zihlanganisa wonke umonakalo koqweqwe lwawo, amazinyo izicubu isifo isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama virus. Njengoba yokudlanga hlala endaweni yesibili ngemva caries. Lolu hlobo ukulimala ungaba izimpawu ezinhlobonhlobo futhi isithombe yomtholampilo, uhlukile kubo, izimbangela. Kodwa bonke bangabafundi azalwa naso noma bathenga.

Kwangathi abe ukusatshalaliswa ezahlukene - nomthelela ekutheni umuntu noma wonke amazinyo ilandelana, Kwezinye izingxenye ngendlela ethize. Eziningi zalezi zifo uxilongwe kunzima, njengoba izimpawu of pathologies ezahlukene zifana futhi awavamile akachazeki komunye nomunye. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa ulwazi enganele lesi sifo, okuyinto nzima ukuthola yayo futhi kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga. Kulesi simo, kungasiza kuphela umhlabeleli imitholampilo zamazinyo, okuyinto ziyoyizwa inketho impatho efanele (isibonelo, "CM-Clinic", okuyinto has amagatsha amaningana e Moscow, "Diamed" noma "Dentalux-M").

Ukwahlukanisa izilonda ze-non-carious

Ngenxa ezihlukahlukene nezifo ezihlobene welithi "izilonda ze-non-carious kwamazinyo", ngezigaba zabo akuyona ejwayelekile owamukelwa. Uma ufaka i yonke idatha kungenziwa generalized ukuthola uhlu izinhlobo izilonda.

1. ukuthuthukiswa Pathology nge teething :

• I anomaly we ijamo, ubungako.
• Fluorosis (amazinyo nezinala).
• Enamel hypoplasia (kwemizwa).
• Pathology ka lezinceku uhlamvu namazinyo isakhiwo (odontogenesis, amelodentinogenez).
• Ugcunsula (azalwa naso).
• Okunye zokugula ezihambisana ne izici zangaphandle (antibiotic, RH isifo).

2. sokugembula eshintsha kanzima izinyo kwezicubu:

• Qedela kwamazinyo.
• Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
• Ushintsho umbala ngemuva ukuqhuma.
• Ukuzwela anda kwezicubu.

3. Izinguquko yangaphakathi isakhiwo izinyo :

• Umsuka ukwa.
• Dislocation empandeni.
• Ukwa ezinyweni umqhele.
• Ukuvulwa kwe-uginindela.

Ezweni lethu, maningi amathuba okuthi ukusebenzisa amanye ngezigaba ezihlongozwayo ngo-1968 V K. Patrikeevym. Ngokusho izilonda zakhe ze-non-carious amazinyo ngamaqembu amabili.

1. Ukulahlekelwa incurred ngaphambi kokuqhuma:

• I anomaly kuqhuma le ntaba nokuthuthukiswa.
• namazinyo Hypoplasia.
• Hyperplasia.
• Fluorosis.
• izifo Ukubambezeleka.

2. Ukulahlekelwa ezivukayo ngemuva ukuqhuma:

• Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
• Isici nhlonhlo emise.
• Hard izicubu necrosis.
• hyperesthesia kwamazinyo.
• Ukusula.
• Ukulimala amazinyo.
• Lesikhumba.

hypoplasia

Ngakho ngokuthi zokugula ijwabu kwamazinyo ngesikhathi lasungulwa, okungukuthi, e izingane kuze kube teething. kuwukwephula okunjalo kubangelwa ezilamatshe aligugu enganele kwezicubu. The main isici - ukungabi oluphelele uhlaka noma ukuthuthukiswa yayo ngokungavamile encane. hypoplasia amazinyo kungaba azalwa naso noma ukuthuthukisa emva kokuzalwa. Kunezizathu eziningana:

• umama ukungqubuzana RH isici kanye nomntwana,
• izifo ezithathelwanayo wahlupheka unina ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izifo ingane emva kokubelethwa,
• ekuseni ukugula eqinile obuhambisana sokukhulelwa,
• prematurity, ukuhlukumezeka ngesikhathi beteta,
• zokugula yentuthuko ingane emva kokubelethwa,
• sokuwohloka, izifo yaleli pheshana emathunjini,
• iziyaluyalu umzimba,
• kwemizwa womsebenzi ubuchopho,
• umonakalo mechanical kuya ithambo emhlathini.

Zimbili izinhlobo hypoplasia - eluhlelweni kanye lendawo. Eyokuqala libhekene izilonda amazinyo, ongaphakeme koqweqwe lwawo ukujiya noma ukungezwakali kwawo. Have izindawo yellow. esihluke Local ukunqoba emizimbeni elilodwa noma amabili. Kukhona kuyagcinwa kungekho koqweqwe lwawo (esinqunyiwe noma ephelele), ukukhubazeka isakhi namazinyo - bangathumela likhubazeke. Lezi iziyaluyalu ubuhlungu. Hypoplasia e ezinzima ifomu izimbangela anda nemihuzuko amazinyo, izicubu ukubhujiswa noma ukulahleka ingqikithi umzimba, ukuthuthukiswa malocclusion. ukuphathwa hypoplasia yakhiwa mhlophe amazinyo (usaqala) kanye ukugcwaliswa noma sokwenziwa (nge isifo esibi kakhulu). Kanyekanye eyenziwa koqweqwe lwawo remineralization amalungiselelo wezokwelapha (isib, i-calcium gluconate isixazululo). Ukuze uvimbele nesenzakalo hypoplasia ezinganeni abesifazane abakhulelwe bayakhuthazwa ukudla okunempilo equkethe amavithamini izinyo (D, C, A, B), ne-calcium one-fluoride, kanye ekuhambisaneni inhlanzeko yomlomo.

Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia - izilonda ze-non-carious amazinyo nokwakhiwa kweqembu ngokweqile kwezicubu kwamazinyo. Umbala wawo kungenxa okuthile okungavamile kwamaseli EPITHELIAL, koqweqwe lwawo futhi dentin. Kubonakaliswa ngesimo "amathonsi", okuthiwa futhi "koqweqwe lwawo amapharele." Zingase ukufinyelela 5 mm ububanzi. Le ndawo eyinhloko kwasendaweni - entanyeni izinyo. iconsi okunjalo siqukethe koqweqwe lwawo, dentin ngaphakathi kungase kube izicubu zomzimba ezithambile noma zezinzwa, sifana uginindela. Kukhona emihlanu izinhlobo yalemitimba e isakhiwo zabo:

• kweqiniso-koqweqwe lwawo - aqukethe kuphela koqweqwe lwawo,
• koqweqwe lwawo-dentine - koqweqwe lwawo dentine ngaphakathi igobolondo yakhiwa,
• koqweqwe lwawo-dentine sehla nge uginindela - okungaphakathi ezicutshini,
• Rodriguez lehla - Ponty - koqweqwe lwawo kwetinhlavu periodontal phakathi impande kanye alveoli,
• vnutridentinnye - elise ekujuleni dentin.

Hyperplasia izicubu namazinyo isifo akusho ukuzibonakalisa, awusebenzi ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma yimuphi kabi. Singagcina ngokubu- ukugqamisa isici yobuhle, uma anomaly kuthinta amazinyo angaphambili.

Kulokhu, a ukugaya ebusweni yokululama. Kwezinye izimo, uma isiguli akazihluphi, akukho ukwelapha. Izinyathelo kukhona ukuvikela amazinyo ezinsana kusukela kwamazinyo, ngoba ukubhujiswa kwabo angabangela ukuphazamiseka ekuthuthukisweni njalo.

fluorosis

Fluorosis kwenzeka ngesikhathi kumiswa izicubu kwamazinyo ngenxa engayitholi ngokweqile sasekhaya. It okushintsha isakhiwo efanele koqweqwe lwawo futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka zangaphandle yayo - ukubukeka izindawo, imivimbo, imisele, izilongotshane amnyama. Ngo kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale zokugula kudlala indima, hhayi nje kuphela i overabundance of one-fluoride, kodwa futhi ukuntuleka calcium. Ezinganeni, one-fluoride aqoqana ezingasho ngokushesha kuka abadala, ukufika ukudla namanzi. Ukwabela izinhlobo ezinjalo fluorosis yamazinyo:

• kunodeshi - ububonisa ukubukeka white stripes ngaphandle indlela ekhanyako;
• Thistle - libhekene izindawo aphuzi nge surface bushelelezi;
• ekhumuzelayo-ezimanakanaka - izindawo matt noma shiny kokuba nombala omhlophe, onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe phuzi (kungathinta wonke amazinyo);
• erosive - ukuguguleka multiple of koqweqwe lwawo ebusweni;
• elimazayo (izinyo yokuhlukanisa noma kwadilika ngokugcwele) - izinqubo deleterious fluorosis ezihlobene.

Engamakhambi fluorosis iyashiyana kwifomu lesi sifo. Ngakho, lapho ifomu ikhombe eyenziwa amakhorali futhi remineralization, uma kunesidingo - ungqimba engenhla koqweqwe lwawo ukunciphisa kufanele kube. Kodwa ifomu erosive izindlela ezinjalo awayilaphi, kukhona kudingeka ukubuyisela namazinyo veneers noma imiqhele. Izindlela jikelele zokwelapha zihlanganisa remineralization, ukubuyiselwa ukuma nombala emzimbeni, imiphumela wendawo emzimbeni, ukulawula ukuqhutshwa sasekhaya.

ukuguguleka

izilonda Carious zihlanganisa ezifana umonakalo koqweqwe lwawo ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ukwakheka kwabo kuphumela ushintsho umbala, umonakalo tebuciko ukuze izinyo, kanye sensitivity high. Kutsho wokuhlola ezibukwayo. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi izinyo elinesimo ukubhujiswa okuqhubekayo koqweqwe lwawo futhi dentine, ngoba isifo esingelapheki, kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside. Imbangela yale isifo ungaba uhlamvu mechanical, isibonelo, usebenzisa ekhuhla noma ayinhlama izinhlayiya athile. Futhi, ukuguguleka kungahle kubangelwe isenzo chemical ku koqweqwe lwawo lapho izingilazi ukudla kanye iziphuzo nge-asidi (ukhukhamba, ezisawolintshi izithelo ayo nezinye). Izisebenzi izimboni ezihlobene ephefumula njalo izinto eziyingozi, ngokuvamile uhlushwa izilonda enjalo amazinyo. Ukusetshenziswa ezinye zezidakamizwa zingamsiza nomthelela ezifweni (isib semali ascorbic acid kubathinta kabi koqweqwe lwawo).

Imbangela Ukuwohloka namazinyo nakho kungaba ukungasebenzi esiswini (asidi lenyuka of imvelo yayo) noma yegilo. Ukuze bahlonze izifo ngendlela efanele usaqala kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswa kuphela ukulahlekelwa ukukhanya endaweni encane eyodwa izinyo. I okunye Yiqiniso imiphumela sifo kancane kancane ukwehla koqweqwe lwawo futhi dentin. Kubukeka sengathi a kwamazinyo bakhathale, avame ezansi. Ukwelashwa kusekelwe kokumisa ukubhujiswa izinyo izicubu. Kuhlanganisa isicelo appliques nge-calcium sasekhaya okuqukethwe izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20, endaweni ethintekile ngaphezulu embozwe ftorlakom. Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa veneers noma imiqhele ukubuyisela ukubukeka yobuhle. Therapy kuhlanganiswe zihlanganisa calcium amalungiselelo ne phosphorus, namavithamini ngoba amazinyo. Uma kwesokunxele ukuguguleka ingelashwa, lokho kungase kubangele hypersensitivity amazinyo.

hyperesthesia

Hyperesthesia izinyo koqweqwe lwawo wabonisa uzwela anda futhi ezimweni eziningi yiyona uphawu concomitant ezinye izifo ze-non-carious. Ukwanda lesi sifo okusezingeni eliphezulu: angaba ngu-70% yesizwe sonkana ahlupheke hyperesthesia, ngokuvamile kuthinta abesifazane. Ukubonakaliswa - abukhali, ubuhlungu obukhulu ukuthi ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzwana amathathu ivela lapho zizwa yizici zangaphandle koqweqwe lwawo. Hypersensitivity ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ngokuvumelana nezimfuno eziningi:

1. Ukuhanjiswa:

• ifomu ezinqunyelwe - sithinta umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu namazinyo;
• generalized - libhekene nozwela zonke izinhlaka.

2. Umsuka:

• uhlobo hyperesthesia elihlobene ne ukulahlekelwa izinyo izicubu;
• ayihlobene nokulahlekelwa, ngenxa isimo jikelele umzimba.

3. isithombe emtholampilo:

• ubuhlungu zenzeka njengempendulo zangaphandle ezishukumisa lokushisa (ngamanzi abandayo);
• namazinyo basabela ezishukumisa chemical (ukudla amnandi noma esidi);
• ngenxa yazo zonke ezintweni, kuhlanganise ethintekayo.

ukuphathwa hypersensitivity Uchwepheshe kunikezelwe kuye imbangela ivela khona, ubunkimbinkimbi izinkinga kanye namafomu lesi sifo. Kwezinye izimo kubalulekile ukuhlinzwa (isb, sokugembula izinsini namazinyo babe obala esifundeni wesibeletho ukwehlisa futhi), futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba okukhishwa izinqubo zokwelapha, efana laying izicelo fluorinated ezindaweni ezilimele. ukwelashwa Orthodontic kungadingeka uma hypersensitivity ngenxa nemihuzuko anda amazinyo. Izinyathelo - engayitholi wezokudla zonke amaminerali abalulekile namavithamini eziqinisa izinyo izicubu, ukusetshenziswa njalo elungile imikhiqizo inhlanzeko yomlomo, kanye luhlolo yonyaka ngumuntu wamazinyo.

Isici nhlonhlo emise

Nesigaxa emise isici - kwamazinyo, lapho base libhujiswa ke. Ngaphandle wabonakaliswa kulimaze entanyeni izinyo simise nhlonhlo. Ngokuvamile othambekele ukukhubazeka Amazinyo. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala azinakwa, kunzima ukuxilonga. Nge Yebo eside lesi sifo kukhona umthunzi mnyama ku lesion. Uphawu oyinhloko isici nhlonhlo emise - namazinyo kabuhlungu basabela umphumela ukushisa noma amakhaza, ukudla okunoshukela, umphumela ngokomzimba (yokuhlanza). Isizathu zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo kungaba nokuntuleka kwenhlanzeko we ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, kabi ibhulashi - uma ngemva wokuhlanza e base ithambo Ukwakheka qwembe webhaktheriya, ubhubhisa lesi koqweqwe lwawo, okuholela isici nhlonhlo. Futhi, Imbangela kungase kube isifo sezinsini ezifana gingivitis kanye periodontitis, kahle yegilo umsebenzi, kukhuphuke asidi we esiswini, okubangela isilungulela. Ukwelashwa nhlonhlo isici kuncike ngobucayi ukulimala.

Nge ongaphakeme anele okuthwala izinqubo ukwa ukunciphisa ezakha calcium ne-fluoride ku koqweqwe lwawo futhi kuncishiswe uzwela yayo iziphi izici zangaphandle. Ngezinye umonakalo eziqinile ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukufakwa kophawu. seal ezinjalo zivame ukubangela ukuqhuma iwe indawo esingesihle yokungafaneleki. Iningi lemitholampilo zamazinyo bayakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokwenza Drilling umgodi umumo othile, elibamba kophawu, futhi ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi okhethekile nokunwebeka.

Necrosis izicubu kanzima

Necrosis zamazinyo kwezicubu kanzima ngendlela efanele usaqala kuboniswe ukulahlekelwa koqweqwe lwawo isicwebezelisi izindawo kokuvela ekhumuzelayo. Ngo inqubo yokuthuthukisa amakhono sifo, ziba konsundu. Esikhathini lesion ukuthambisa kwezicubu, koqweqwe lwawo uphelelwa amandla awo, kuyilapho nesineke ingase ikhononde ukuthi wacanda izinyo. Dentin lesikhumba kwenzeka. Ngokuvamile kuthinta ejensi ezingaphezu kweyodwa, kodwa abaningana. Ukuzwela luyanda ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. It itholakala ngokuyinhloko entanyeni ngezinyo, kanye ukukhubazeka V emise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Kodwa, naphezu izimpawu ezifanayo, bese endaweni ethintekile, i wamazinyo abanolwazi bazokwazi kalula ukuhlukanisa sifo komunye nomunye futhi wenze ithole ukuxilongwa okufanele. Lokhu zokugula kwenzeka ngokumelene isizinda ukungalingani hormone emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa sibhekiswe eqinisa izicubu yamazinyo, ekuqedeni hypersensitivity (hyperesthesia), futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ebekiwe yokwelapha wamathambo.

ukuhlukumezeka zamazinyo

Igama elithi "ukuhlukumezeka kwamazinyo" ihlanganisa umonakalo mechanical izingxenye kwangaphandle nangekhatsi we izinyo. izimbangela zazo zingase ngokuthi ekwindla, amagalelo ithambo emhlathini ngesikhathi ezemidlalo, izimpi, izingozi. Nge ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside izinyo lezinto angaphandle noma ukudla okuqinile Indwangu ke mancane futhi abe buthakathaka. Kulokhu, izinkinga kungenzeka ngisho nalapho ukuhlafuna ukudla.

ukulimala zamazinyo kungaholela ekuziphatheni okungafanele izinqubo zamazinyo, ezifana yekhwalithi ephansi kulungiselelwa pin. Kungabangela umonakalo kanti ezinye izifo, ezifana hypoplasia, fluorosis, caries wesibeletho, simila impande. Ngu ukulimala zihlanganisa waphuka umqhele noma impande, dislocated, izinyo olimele. Ukulimala Ukwelashwa kusekelwe nokuqedwa nemiphumela ebonakalayo phezu isitho onesifo, bazilahla ukudla okuqinile. Ekwelapheni izinyo dislocation emuva emgodini ukuze engraftment olwengeziwe. Uma ukusebenza ezifana ayinakho amathemba, ngokuvumelana wamazinyo, zitho noma izimila kwenziwa. Ukwa umqhele zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze ubuyise hhayi kuphela umsebenzi ukuhlafuna kodwa futhi ukubukeka yobuhle, ikakhulukazi uma ngomonakalo owenzeke amazinyo angaphambili. Kulokhu, setha umqhele-non-esikhiphekayo. Ekuqaleni kwawo-impande ngokuvamile eyenziwa ukususwa ephelele izinyo noma pin wokusungula nolwelwesi.