Ukwakheka ukhonkolo isisekelo: abanesibalo ngayinye 1m3. I ukhonkolo isisekelo: ukwakheka

Indaba ethandwa kakhulu esikhathini ukwakhiwa ukhonkolo. Ngaphandle-ke awukwazi ukwakha iyiphi indlu noma ithrekhi izindlu. Ukhonkolo - material enamandla kakhulu, eliqinile, futhi uma ukuqinisa ukuqinisa, amandla nokuqina kwayo bayanda kakhulu.

Isisekelo isiphi isakhiwo kuyisisekelo elibizwa hhayi kuphela isisindo sonke isakhiwo, kodwa futhi umoya neqhwa imithwalo. Kunamandla kangakanani, ayanda nokuningi kungenzeka ukwakha.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana izisekelo: Monolithic ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, yinqwaba, ukhonkolo Precast.

A ingxube ukhonkolo

Esikhathini ngabanye isakhiwo omunye ezichumayo isisekelo - ibhande Monolithic. Kuyinto elula eyezinto isidingo imishini ekhethekile futhi ngokuzimela ukuxubanisa ukhonkolo isisekelo. Ingxenye - Ukwakheka izingxenyana ngxube isilinganiso sabo. ukwephulwa kwalo kuzoholela umonakalo impahla. Esikhundleni ukhonkolo eqinile futhi iqine, ungathola izakhiwo ababuthakathaka kuncike ukubhujiswa okusheshayo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu kuba indlela yokwakheka ukhonkolo isisekelo. Olinganise yezingxenye ingxube okufanele inakekelwe ngokunembile kakhulu.

Ukuze uthole ukhonkolo eliphezulu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ezinhle futhi ukugcwaliswa. Ukwakheka yakhiwa ingxube isihlabathi, usimende, itshe afahlazekile noma amatshe namanzi.

isihlabathi

Kungaba yemvelo noma emishinini. Usayizi kuyizinhlayiyana zokhahlamba kusuka 1.2 kuya 3.5 mm. Isihlabathi okumelwe engahluziwe ezifana ubumba, daka nezinye, ngakho ukufeza ubumsulwa impahla, kubalulekile ukuhlunga futhi ihlanzekile. Ngakho, lapho usebenza ezimweni zasebusika kubalulekile ukufudumeza isihlabathi. Engeza eqandisiwe aggregate ukhonkolo akwamukeleki.

Amatshe noma itshe ochotshoziwe

Lezi izinto inert kukhona Isakhi esiyinhloko mix ukhonkolo. Inani kwabo ukhonkolo kufanele kube ngu-80%. usayizi ingxenyenamba isetshenziswa kusukela 5 kuya 70 mm (kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi). Lezi fillers futhi wageza kusukela ukungcola.

usimende

Kuyinto ingxenye eyinhloko, ingxenye ukhonkolo isisekelo, ingxenye yayo ingxube kufanele kugcinwe ukucophelela. Kuleli kuncike izinga, amandla kanye nebanga ngokhonkolo. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa lezisekelo apharathasi Portland usimende M300 noma M400, ebonakala hardiness nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo amandla. ebangeni ephakeme kuyabiza futhi isetshenziswa izakhiwo ezibucayi encane.

Ukuze uthole ukhonkolo izinga isisekelo, elinganayo Ukwakheka kufakwe nenye izingxenye is aqhubeka kahle.

Impilo endaweni usimende encane. Uma ukuthenga kubalulekile ukubheka usuku impahla ukwakhiwa. Better ukuthatha usimende wenza kungakapheli izinyanga 1-2 edlule. Lapho engafanele egcinwe, uyakwazi ukuba bathole umswakama futhi ngokushesha imiswe. Kodwa endaweni eyomile okwesikhathi eside it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba esitolo. The eside iyona usimende, kancane iba uphawu lwakhe futhi, ngokufanelekile, kuyoba ukusetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi.

Ngakho, indaba isitoreji ezinyangeni ezingu 6 kuzonciphisa uphawu ngo-25% onyakeni - ngo-40%, futhi kwaphela iminyaka emibili sha uye aba nguhhafu. Isimo M400 usimende ngeke M200, okuyinto kufanelekile kuphela ukuthi ithrekhi engadini.

amanzi

Lona main isibopho ingxenye, ingxenye ukhonkolo isisekelo. Olinganise amanzi amaningi kanye nezinye fillers is kubalwa ikhumbula kwabantu ukhonkolo. Ukuze ukhonkolo kanzima kufanele ibe ngaphansi, futhi plastic - ngaphezulu.

Nokuxhumana usimende namanzi ukhonkolo iqala solidification chemical yokusabela. Lena inqubo ebalulekile kakhulu, incike ngamandla isakhiwo. A indima ebalulekile udlalwa izinga lamanzi, akukho engamukeleki okuphothula uwoyela uhlobo amafutha, acid, sulfate. Konke lokhu uyosabalala ukhonkolo sokwelapha inqubo. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile noma ixhaphozi. Umsebenzi kungcono ukuthatha ukuphuza.

Yini futhi malini

Ngo isakhiwo ngabanye sekuyisikhathi eside ebizwa ngokuthi ingxenye ngokhonkolo isisekelo. Ukwakheka elikhulu ingxube - kuyingxenye eyodwa usimende, izingxenye ezintathu izingxenye ezine yesihlabathi itshe ochotshoziwe (1/3/4). Water wathela ngamunye. Uma formwork kakhulu kwagcizelela, Ukungena kangcono ku uzimele ukhonkolo ductile ngaphezulu, uma kungenjalo, kungaba nzima ukwenza, ngokushesha ngakho Uqinisa, amandla awo kuyoba ephakeme.

Kuyadingeka ukuba ngokushesha ukunquma ngayiphi injongo ufuna akhiqize ukhonkolo. Uma lokhu kuyinto ithrekhi engadini, bese ngokwanele i-M100 ukhonkolo, ke kubalulekile ukuba kuqinise yonke ingxenye 1/11. Uma lesi siqalo noma esinye isakhiwo wemfanelo, usimende e ingxube kufanele kube ¼ isisindo ingqikithi.

Lapho kubalulekile ukuba anikele ngenani elithile kanye nokwakheka ukhonkolo isisekelo, olinganise ngayinye 1m3 kuthathwe yilezi:

• Sand - 0.395 M3.
• Amatshe - 0.87 M3.
• Usimende - 0,193 M3.
• Amanzi - 0,179 M3.

Lokhu ukugeleza izinto inert noyisibopho e ukhonkolo brand M200, uma udinga ebangeni ephakeme, inani usimende iyakhula.

Kukhona into okuthiwa isilinganiso amanzi usimende, incike ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi ngxube, ngokulandelana, futhi lonke isakhiwo.

Uma ungeza amazinga amanzi ngaphezulu, ukhonkolo plasticity ukwanda, kulula ukugcina ngaphakathi formwork, nokho sehliswa saba uphawu isikhathi izitshengiselo ezicace khona kodwa akufanele kuphelele lapho.

Ukungeza imali encane amanzi singase sinyuse ukuqina ngokhonkolo, kusukela stowage yayo le eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izakhiwo kwagcizelela kakhulu angase abe voids, okuholela lube buthaka lonke itheyiphu Monolithic. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ziyahlukahluka umthamo wamanzi ukuthela ephakeme ingxube izinga.

Kafushane, ukuthola isisekelo esihle sesikhathi Ukwakheka ukhonkolo, wacondza usimende namanzi kumele ibe ngendlela yekutsi ingxube laligcwele phama ku isikhunta, kunokuba wathela. Kubekwe ukhonkolo ngempela kuncike titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana, kwenziwa noma ekhethekile isidlidlizi kagesi noma izindlela ngakwesokunene - lokwela, nokufakwa.

Ukukhiqizwa ngokhonkolo endaweni semende

Ukuze kube lula concreting ka ezakhiwe Monolithic, kunezinhlobo eziningi labathaki bamafutha. Kungenzeka sinekhono polkuba, ngamunye imitha cubic kanye nengxenye cubic metres noma ngaphezulu.

Indlela yokwenza ukhonkolo isisekelo? Ingxenye eyodwa batch labathaki bamafutha ezinzulwini Balinganiselwa:

• Sand - 650 kg (ukuminyana - 1400 kg / M3);
• Macadam - 1300 kg (ukuminyana - 1350 / M3);
• usimende - 300 - 350 kg (mayelana 6-7 izikhwama);
• amanzi - 180 kg.

Okuphuma kuyinto M300 ukhonkolo (izinombolo ukhombise ukuthi isampula cube 10x10 cm ngokhonkolo loluphawu ekwazi ukumelana amandla compressive 300 kg / cm2).

Ngesikhathi amabhizinisi ngoba yokukhiqiza ukhonkolo esetshenziswa isihlabathi-amatshe ingxube, lapho isilinganiso amatshe nesihlabathi kakade ulele ngezabelo ezifanele.

Njengoba fillers zonke ngu kwabantu efanayo ngobuningi lingalinganiswa amabhakede Ukwakheka ngoba isisekelo kakhonkolo. Ukuphambana ku amabhakede kuyoba: usimende - 25 m 43 isihlabathi, amatshe - 90 amanzi - 18.

25 amabhakede usimende - izikhwama mayelana 6-7 (ibalwa per 1 m3 ngokhonkolo ngomumo okuxubile). Ukuze uthole usimende mixer encane isibopho ebhakedeni esithathwayo:

• isihlabathi - amabhakede ezimbili;
• ochotshoziwe itshe noma amatshe - amabhakede amane;
• amanzi - isigamu ibhakede.

Ungakwazi pick up the Ingxenye lokubolekwa ukuze bathole obuphathekayo brand efanayo, kodwa okuqukethwe usimende kuwo zizohluka.

Ukubala of zokwandisa edingekayo kanye nokwakheka ukhonkolo

Imidwebo ukwakhiwa ikhishelwa umsebenzi ecacisiwe ivolumu esetshenziswa kanye esisindo sazo zonke izinto. Ngo isakhiwo lomuntu oyedwa, uma akukho project, ukubala senziwa bebodwa. Kubalulekile ukuthola indlela yokwakheka kwesokudla ngokhonkolo isisekelo. Kanjani ukubala ke ukuze ungalahlekelwa?

Okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi lungakanani ukhonkolo kwakudingeka lonke ivolumu isakhiwo. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulinganise ubude lonke isisekelo ipherimitha. Zombili izinhlangothi kubhekwe eceleni. Isib Belt obuphelele -. 10 metres ukugijima, ukuphakama - 1 m, ububanzi - 0.5 amamitha liphindaphindeke, kuvela ukuthi ukuthelwa isisekelo ezidingekayo 5 m3 ukhonkolo. Futhi, thina ukubala umthamo nezinye izinhlangothi. Wabhala yonke imali ukuthola, isibonelo, 20 M3 ingxube.

Isibonelo: 20 M3 eseqedile M300 ukhonkolo ezidingekayo:

• usimende - 7,000 kg;
• Sand - 13000 kg;
• itshe afahlazekile noma amatshe - 26000 kg;
• Amanzi - 3600 kg.

Ezinye izincomo kuvuleke

Ukubala inani ukhonkolo ethela isisekelo, kubalulekile ukuba mass okuholela wengeze elinye amaphesenti 10-15 for izehlakalo, ukulahlekelwa phakathi zokuthutha, ukufakwa, njll Ukuthululela ukhonkolo ku ifomu izingqimba ledzingekako 25-30 cm ngalinye, compaction ozikhethela. Zogqinsi yesibili futhi okwalandela Kunconywa dlidliza noma bhoboza lokwela valve nge ukuqonda odlule umqulu design lwenzeke.

Uma ngosuku akusebenzanga ingacamelisa khona ukhonkolo phezulu esisekelweni, ne ungqimba sangaphambilini ibhulashi wire, ukususa ifilimu usimende. Lokhu kwenziwa lekusasa elingcono asendulo ezintsha adhesion ukhonkolo. Grout Kunconywa ukwenza surface fresh lapho ukhonkolo kancane waziqonda, kodwa eqandisiwe ngokugcwele. Zonke kodaka okubangelwa grout ifilimu kufanele kususwe.