Wesifunda German kazwelonke we-Altai Territory: Ukuphatha, emzaneni

wesifunda German kazwelonke we-Altai Territory isibe ekhaya ukuze AmaMennonite ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII. Amalungu alo mphakathi yenkolo zazivame baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye imizi yabo beyofuna indawo lapho babengeke bayoshushiswa. Esikhathini sethu, e ingxenye encane County siphile kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka kwabantu bokuqala abahlala e-German amaMennonite.

AmaMennonite

Lo mphakathi yenkolo yamaProthestani, kwakheka Netherlands ekuqaleni XVI leminyaka. Kusekelwe neprotivlenchestvo ukuthi kuzibonakalisa ukungavumi ukuthatha izikhali, futhi nakakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ngokumelene nabanye abantu.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi Menno Simons, umsunguli we Yiqiniso, kufanele kube unabalandeli abaningi noma, okungenani, kufanele abe nenhlonipho ngenxa yokwenqaba ukulwa, kodwa empeleni konke kwakwehlukile. Hard-sabasebenzi nabantu AmaMennonite nokuthula ukuya ibutho, okuyinto kwabacasula iziphathimandla, futhi lapho ukugwema izinsizwa kwakungenakwenzeka, nje uya kuyo yonke inhlangano yabantwana ngathuthela kwelinye izwe.

Igagasi lokuqala kwabokufika ezenzeka esikhathini engu-50 ngekhulu XVI, lapho zaphoqeleka ukuba zibaleke lapho ibalekela ushushiso Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi. AmaMennonite Russian safika isimemo uCatherine II ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Kwakumelwe imikhaya 228, okuyinto badedelwa kokubili ezempi umphakathi, ukuhlinzeka engaphezu kwengu-60 amahektare amaningi endawo ngayinye.

Eyokuqala lalakhiwe Chortitza Colony ke Melitopol wesifunda, futhi ekuqaleni ingxenye XIX leminyaka omkhaya, okwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi eziningi, waya eSiberia, lapho kamuva abafundile wesifunda German kazwelonke we-Altai Territory.

Ezemfundo District

Lapho ngo-1907, 3 abameleli abavela emindenini 180 waya ukuxoxisana ukuze Stolypin, ukuxoxa kungenzeka ezihambayo abantu abangaphezu kuka-800 eSiberia, akekho owayengenza baye bacabanga ukuthi le ndawo ezizimele luyokhula esikhathini esizayo.

UNicholas II yena badingiswa ngenxa LamaMennonite amaJalimane 60,000 amahektare amaningi endawo ngombandela wokuthi babengeke ayilime bawunakekele, bese phakathi 1908-1910, kwakukhona zokuhlala endaweni ezigqanyisiwe.

Ngo-1927, isinqumo we Central Executive Committee kwakuhlelwa German National isiFunda Altai Territory nge sokuqondisa nge. Halbstadt (1908 g). Ngo-1938-ke yahlakazeka, kodwa wabuyiselwa ngomthetho of the Supreme Soviet Russia ngo-1991 imingcele efanayo, lapho kwakulula khona.

AmaJalimane Bomdabu, inzalo ka LamaMennonite lokuqala, washiya le ndawo eminyakeni 90, futhi namuhla abantu abangaphezu kuka-50% isiRashiya, 40% Russified namaJalimane 10% - bezinye izizwe.

German emzaneni iNational Altai Region, ndawonye akhawunti nje phezu ayizinkulungwane 17. Man.

County Umnotho

Iningi labantu waziphatha ezolimo kanye ukukhulisa imfuyo. Isifunda mkhulu kakhulu inkomba umhlaba itshalwe: phezu 1432 amakhilomitha-skwele umhlabathi olimekayo ezakha 1243 amakhilomitha square. Ngenxa isimo salo olukhethekile wesifunda German kazwelonke we-Altai Territory ithola uxhaso baseJalimane ekuphathweni lesifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, ngosizo lwabo past 20 iminyaka ke owakhé indlu entsha ingqikithi 168 zokuhlala, inyama, yobisi esigayweni.

Izivuno eziyinhloko etshalwa esifundazweni - a kakolweni sunflower, imifino kwabantu nefoliji lezilwane. Isifunda has isigayo ayo uwoyela, a kudayiswa khona utshwala, isitolo umvimba 3 dairies.

labantu

Emaphethelweni esigodi zihlukile uzilungise, eziklanywe kahle, banayo eziningi zasemazweni kanye phambi izingadi ezinhle. Ngokwesibonelo, Podsosnovo (Altay, National wesifunda German) - edolobheni ezimatasa. Yaqalwa ngo-1894, edolobhaneni yaba indawo yezimpi Izindawo lamaJalimane kusukela iVolga esifundeni, okuyinto azange abe umhlaba kokwanele.

Ngeshwa, izenzakalo eRussia kusukela ekuqaleni inguquko kuze 1991, kwaholela yokuthi ukuphila kulezi zingxenye kuze 1917 70,000 amaJalimane manje cishe akekho kwesokunxele. Eksodusi waqala ngo-90s, lapho iningi lalolo hlanga babehambile ezweni lawo zomlando, kanye nokusungulwa yobuhlanga kwashintsha kakhulu Edge.

Kuyefana nasendleleni edolobhaneni Field (Altai Territory, District National German). It yasungulwa ngu abameleli bomphakathi LamaMennonite ngo-1908. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakudingeka esinabantu abangaba 119 nje, futhi kancane kancane banda ngamanani kuze 90 zokuqala. Kusukela ngo-1999, isibalo sabantu lehla, ngenxa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe yabo eJalimane.

Kuze kube manje, nokuphathwa German National isiFunda Altai Territory, etholakala edolobhaneni Halbstadt, inikeza ukudayiswa izindlu abafuduki. Izindleko Isilinganiso emizini yabazalwane amadolobha amakhulu njenge kulungiselelwa, Podsosnovo, sokuqondisa nezinye izindleko ruble 300 000. Le ntengo kungenxa yokuthi nemizana anemisila zokufudumeza nokuthuthwa kwendle, izikole, izinkulisa, ezamasiko kanye sezinhlangano eziphambili zezezimali.

ingqalasizinda onqenqemeni

German District Altai emzaneni nge elula kungenziwa ngokuthi. Basuke ngakho sizilungise kahle emzimbeni kuphela, okuyizinto kakhulu njenge-amadolobha naphakathi European. Cishe kuyo yonke imizana has a club kanye nesikole, isibhedlela edolobhaneni Cusack, a polyclinic e Halbstadt.

Ngaphambi igagasi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe e-90s esifundeni yaqhakaza ngamasiko isiJalimane, kwakukhona iphephandaba ngesiJalimane. It njengamanje ishicilelwe ngesiRashiya, njengoba amaJalimane owathuthela lapha Kazakhstan, kukhona okhuluma isiRashiya.

Edolobhaneni kukhona German Field Centre, okuyinto elibamba imikhosi, okuyizinto njalo izivakashi abaculi abavela eJalimane.

abavela kwamanye amazwe

Okwamanje, onqenqemeni German uthuthe labo abafisa ukuthola isimo ekhethekile izakhamuzi zalo ne ithuba ukuze aqhube ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ukuze eJalimane, kodwa woza labo abafuna ubuya Europe.

Lesi sakamuva wamukelekile ikakhulukazi, njengoba uxhumano yabo eJalimane, lapho kwakuyibona izingane nabazukulu bezifundo, kuzosiza ukuvuselela amasiko amadala lamaJalimane bomdabu e emizaneni yakuleyo ndawo.