"Abramtsevo", Museum-estate: kanjani lapho, indawo, ukubuyekezwa

Museum njalo aminyene. Abramtsevo Manor namuhla iyindawo ethandwa phakathi Muscovites usuku lonke. indawo Its itholakala emnyuziyamu omangalisayo. Ohambweni eyinkimbinkimbi, ungafunda amaqiniso amaningi ezithakazelisayo ngomlando art Russian zibabaza nature enhle ngaphandle eMoscow. Indlela ukufinyelela Museum "Abramtsevo" kusukela eMoscow nokuthi ungabona, sichaza kulesi sihloko.

History of the izindlu

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala Manor basonta ngekhulu XVI. Khona-ke kwaba edolobhaneni okuqondene umninindlu naseVolyn. Isikhathi ebaluleke kakhulu edolobhaneni waqala ngo-1843, lapho-ke laba impahla yabantwana umbhali S. T. Aksakovu.

Njengoba fan okhuthele ukuzingela nemvelo, Sergey T. nomuzwa omkhulu on ifa. Yena wavakashelwa ekuvakasheni N. V Gogol futhi I. S. Turgenev. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona umlingisi M. S. Schepkin nesazi-mlando MP Pogodin. Ngo Abramtsevo Aksakov nezithelo wasebenza. Lapha ebhala "umzukulu Childhood Iminyaka Bagrov sika", bathandekayo izizukulwane eziningi inganekwane mayelana imilingo izimbali ebomvu.

I izindlu Savvy Mamontova

Ngemva kokufa umbhali, ifa ngawathanda laphinde labhidlika, futhi ngo-1870 kanye naye ithengiswe Aksakov usozimboni eyaziwa S. I. Mamontovu. ngokushesha Savva ayibekela ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo. Okokuqala Wakha indlu, wakha izakhiwo zebhizinisi eziningana ezintsha. Ngeshwa, iningi labo elahlekile namuhla.

Savva nesithakazelo emlandweni yobuciko, yaseshashalazini kanye izakhiwo. E-Moscow, indlu yakhe wawulokhu uvulekele abantu banamakhono futhi zokudala. Mamontov umkhaya wathuthela namasiko alo okuhle entsha izindlu eduze eMoscow.

umbuthano kwezobuciko

Kancane kancane, lo mbuthano bangani Savvy Mamontova zandiswa futhi kwakukhona umphakathi zamaciko adumile, okuyinto namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i umbuthano Abramtsevo. Siqukethe ezifana amakhosi enkulu njengoba V. A. Serov, I. E. Repin, V. D. Polenov, M. A. Vrubel, VM futhi A. M. Vasnetsovy nezinye abaculi. Ifike ihlale phansi, sangena izindlu, ukudala yobuciko zabo. Imidwebo eminingi yi izindlu eduze eMoscow, wangena Isikhwama segolide yobuciko Russian.

izikebhe workshop

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sibonga isinyathelo indodana Savva Ivanovich, umkakhe, abaculi abadumile, iqoqo ocebile Folk art izinto sebuqoqiwe ku izindlu. Futhi namhlanje ongowenani elikhulu kwezobuciko. Ngo imiklamo yakhe eyingqayizivele esitolo wokubaza, esisogwini izindlu, baye baqala ukwakha kakhulu ifenisha ngokhuni.

Ngo-1890, ifa sekuqalile workshop sobumba. ugqozi wakhe futhi umqondisi ezinsukwini zokudala lwalungamahora M. A. Vrubel. Uveza ebaziwe zokuhlobisa, ubuhle tile weSigungu House Mamontov futhi izigodi zabo, umbhali izitsha okungavamile.

Abramtsevo imikhiqizo yashesha abayithandayo yayo. Baqala ukuthengisa ezitolo Petersburg, eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha amaningana Russian. Ochwepheshe umxhwele izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu imidwebo. Ngo-1900, umkhiqizo Abramtsevo abaculi kwanikezelwa imiklomelo zokuhlonipha eWorld Isentha Paris.

Inani umbuthano abadumile kwezobuciko ayikwazi babenesibindi esikhulu. Abahlanganyeli igcinwe ezikhumbuzo elingenakuqhathaniswa yobuciko neyezandla Russian. Ngenxa yemizamo yabo ke lavuselelwa izikebhe isiko okwenza tile nezinkuni eqoshwe.

Isikhathi esinzima emlandweni Manor

I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX kwaletha izinguquko ezinkulu empilweni esithile Manor. Ngo-1899, Savva wasolwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezomnotho kanye ezinyangeni ezimbalwa iye uyaboshwa. Yena wakhishwa ngo-1900, kodwa prrmyshlennik eyaziwa balahlekelwa cishe zonke isimo.

Yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow, kanye agcinwe lapho iqoqo imisebenzi yobuciko iye ithengiswe. Ngenhlanhla, Abramtsevo wasinda. Ukuba kuye rewritten womshado kusengaphambili Mamontov sika. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX ifa wayiswa eMoscow, workshop Ceramic, eye iguqulwe ibe zobumba imboni encane. Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi inkosi benza Abramtsevo mbumbulu "Metropol" ehhotela, kanye umklamo omkhulu ongaphandle of kwakhiwe Tretyakov Igalari.

Manor kusukela 1917

Ngo-1918, ngemva kokumiswa amandla aseSoviet, zadliwa uhulumeni ifa Abramtsevo. Museum insimu yalo uvulekele ngawo lowo nyaka. umnakekeli wayo lomkhulu baba Aleksandra Mamontova - indodakazi Savva Ivanovich. House-Museum "Abramtsevo" waqhubeka kwaze 1932. Khona-ke, e-estate wavulwa Holiday ngoba abenzi mafilimu. Kusukela ngo-1938, ifa zaqala ukusetshenziswa njengendlela sibhedlela. Futhi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ifa yaphenduka esibhedlela samasosha.

Kulesi sikhathi esinzima ezizosiza izwe lonke izinsalela eliyigugu kunawo wonke izindlu zihanjiswe Sergiev Posad. Imibukiso emuva ngo-1950, futhi "Abramtsevo" (Museum) yakhoselisa izivakashi. Phakathi nale nkathi, wamiswa labahluleli Museum Vsevolod Savvich Mamontov - indodana i usozimboni. Ngo-1995-ke wathola isimo ekhethekile "Abramtsevo". Imyuziyemu-esiteyidi waba lesikhumbuzo ebaluleke sikahulumeni.

Namuhla, amasiko bokubeka Manor workshop ubudala uyaqhubeka Industrial Art College, okuyinto yaqanjwa umculi Russian VM Vasnetsov.

"Abramtsevo", Museum-bezindlu

Lamanje Museum eziyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisa indawo amahektheli amahlanu. Wahambisela a izimpawu zendawo ezimbalwa futhi ipaki elihle. "Abramtsevo" (Museum-estate), ogama kheli: Museum Street, 1, has iqoqo ocebile. akhawunti Bona isikhathi esingaphezu ngamashumi amabini anamahlanu amawaka ziphephile esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu imisebenzi ingcaca futhi olungokomfanekiso, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu izinto Folk ngobuciko, izithombe ezingavamile kanye namafayela.

indlu Manor

I mhlobiso of the complex Museum sitsetse Manor indlu endala - Manor endlini enkulu. Yakhiwa ngekhulu XVIII. Naphezu ukuhlelwa kabusha eziningi, ngalé yayo ziyalingana, okuyinto ekwakheni, kuyabonakala namuhla.

Olungaphambili lwesonto empumalanga yendlu ine ithala ovulekile futhi angakunaki epaki, entshonalanga - egcekeni. Kanye olungaphambili lwesonto wasempumalanga wawuluLwandle suite enkulu amakamelo - ihholo, egumbini lokuphumula futhi phambi lokulala. Kanye olungaphambili lwesonto esentshonalanga suite wagijima kwansuku, lapho zokuhlala amalungu omkhaya atholiwe. Yenzeka phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili Suites of ephasishi ivulekile.

Namuhla, indlu Manor kuyinto setfulo elalinikezelwe Aksakov umndeni, abangane babo. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona imidwebo kanye nezithombe, izincwadi kanye ifenisha. Zonke lezi zinto zathathwa owakwakhe Mamontov. Bona akhazinyuliswe eMoscow izitolo Antique.

Indlu Manor itholakala kungenye embukisweni elithakazelisayo, which busisa Abramtsevo umbuthano kwezobuciko. Nazi ekumeni omkhaya Mamontov, abahlanganyeli umbuthano kwezobuciko, imvelo, walondoloza kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka isakhiwo yezokwelapha namuhla embukisweni unomphela imisebenzi ngabaculi Russian nawaseSoviet.

Isonto ngokubonakala koMsindisi wethu

"Abramtsevo" - emnyuziyamu ukuthi ine phezu insimu yalo izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Ngokuyinhloko kuyinto esontweni koMsindisi. Umbhali wayo yephrojekthi kwaba umdwebi odumile vd Polenov. Kamuva, umsebenzi wakhe waqhubeka V M. Vasnetsov. Langa eliqoshiwe endulo isiRashiya, le iconostasis wethempeli - omuhle wobuciko kweqiniso. Iningi kwemifanekiso esonto kwase zaveza ngabaculi omkhulu, kwakheka ingxenye umbuthano Mamontov.

Arbor

Esinye isakhiwo oye zizoba isici esiphawula leli Abramtsevo. Museum loqobo isakhiwo yezakhiwo. Lena Gazebo lokhuni engavamile - ". I Hut on inkukhu imilenze" Itholakala oseduze nesonto. Arbor uvele ifa ngo-1883. Kwakuthinta okuqalwe V M. Vasnetsovu.

Uma ngiyibheka, kubonakala sengathi manje uyobheka aphume baba yaga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sakhiwo kumnandi itholakala eduze kakhulu esontweni kanye nezinye izakhiwo, kubonakala sengathi i-cottage yisithiyo obukhulu ihlathi njengomuzi ongangeneki.

kwepaki

"Abramtsevo" - i Museum emangalisayo. Uma kwenzeke ukuvakashela epulazini, qiniseka nihambahambe enqamula epaki elihle oluzungeze ke. It lahlukaniswa laba masimu ezintathu ukuthi yehlela esiGodini komfula omncane Warri.

Lesi siqiwu kuyinto enhle ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa ehlobo noma ekwindla zakuqala, nguye ezikhangayo ikakhulukazi.

Museum legatsha

UMnyango yobuciko yezandla Museum-Reserve Abramtsevo itholakala Khotkovo, budebuduze Manor. umsuka walo kwaba ngenxa ngiyibona enamandla ukuthuthukiswa Abramtsevo ishabhu of yobuciko neyezandla eduze Abramtsevo.

Empeleni, umlando Museum and kuhlehlela emuva studio, okuyinto ekuqaleni kwaholela Elizabeth G. - ngomfazi Savva Mamontov. Khona-ke kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo Elena Polenov. workshop esingangegunqu kwakuyisipho esikoleni ukuthi minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-1876, wazama ukufunda izingane ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha kusuka emaphandleni aseduze.

Eminyakeni emithathu abafana ababeqeqeshwe mahhala. Ngemva beqeda imfundo ethatha abathweswe iziqu yokwamukela isipho banebhentshi lokusebenza kanye nesethi lokubaza namathuluzi. Abafana babuyela emakubo, ngathola umsebenzi ekhaya. Ishabhu wabalungiselela oda nezezinto ezibonakalayo. Kusukela izindonga zawo zazilotshiwe omangalisayo yezithakazelo ezigxilile zababazi engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili abanolwazi. Abaningi babo baye basebenza, hhayi kuphela yokugcwalisa onobuhle ngomumo eyenzelwe imidwebo, kodwa futhi ukudala imisebenzi yabo. Ezinye zalezi imisebenzi kuyabonakala namuhla Museum.

Manje ngisebenza lapha bese udale i-umkhiqizo interesting hhayi kuphela yezithakazelo ezigxilile zababazi, kodwa futhi ihluzo, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba masters kanye abadwebi. abalobi Modern kuthiwa ngenkuthalo iqhaza nemibukiso, amakamelo amaningana Esitezi obekwe ngaphansi okuyinto eceleni.

"Abramtsevo", Museum-estate: kanjani lapho?

Kusukela laseMoscow Yaroslavl Station kukhona izitimela kagesi, okuyinto enze stop ngesikhathi "Abramtsevo" esiteshini. Lokhu compounds eboshiwe e Alexandria, Balakirevo, Sergiev Posad. Indlela eya esiteshini oyifunayo kuthatha amahora 1.15. Emi epulatifomu enhle, udinga ukuba udabule leli ebabazekayo ihlathi umzila nguhhafu ikhilomitha. Umgwaqo kuyokulethela injabulo enkulu - akuvamile izakhamuzi alethwe ukuhamba ehlathini. Ukuthola elahlekile akunakwenzeka - ezihlahleni esungulwe izikhombo eziningi.

Uma uhlela uhambo imoto ke e Moscow, udinga ukuya Yaroslavl onguthelawayeka, bese uqhubeke ukuvula Leshkovo Radonezh. Khona-ke ukushayela Khotkovo bese uvula Abramtsevo. Museum itholakala ekupheleni komgwaqo omkhulu.

Ungasebenzisa futhi ibhasi. Kusukela Sergiev Posad Museum wena uyokhulula amabhasi kanye ibhasi inombolo 55, okwenza izindiza ngosuku eziyisishiyagalombili.

imodi

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-October izivakashi Museum "Abramtsevo". Amahora okuvula kukhona elula ukuvakashela. Manor Park ivuliwe nsuku kusukela 10.00 kuya 20.00, ngezimpelasonto - kuze kufinyelele 21,00. Exposition Museum kungenziwa wavakashela kusukela 10.00 kuya 18,00 ngezinsuku zeviki futhi kuze 20.00 ngezimpelasonto. The main isakhiwo Museum kukhona kungenzeka kuphela uma ukuvakasha senzeka. Ngo "Abramtsevo" (Museum-reserve) eqhutshwa nsukuzonke.

Iziithombe-sikrini zohlelo

Wonke umuntu oye wavakashela "Abramtsevo" Museum, amahlamvu Okuyınqo, ngokuvamile omuhle. Yazisa imvelo omangalisayo, uzilungise futhi indawo ihlanzekile, izibonisi ezithakazelisayo, iziqondiso okhokhelwayo.

I yokuntula kwezinye izivakashi Museum zihlanganisa amanani aphezulu amathikithi, izinto eziyizikhumbuzo thatha izithombe ngisho umnyango wethempeli. Kodwa cishe akufanele kube categorical ngakho kule ndaba. Imali etholakele ngokuvakashela eziyinkimbinkimbi, iya ukubuyiselwa izindlu kanye nentuthuko yayo okunye.