Amathempeli asendulo Cambodia: incazelo, umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

ukuthatheka main Cambodia sika amasonto alo, endaweni yezwe ngokuchichimayo. Namhlanje bakutshele mayelana ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ngokubabazekayo ukuthi mangaza imifanekiso engacabangeki futhi akhiwe yasekuqaleni.

Ithempeli eziyinkimbinkimbi eCambodia usesikhundleni ndawo enkulukazi, futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abaningi babo bangabantu lusesesigabeni ucwaningo.

Izici izwe

Cambodia izivakashi okwakhe - akuyona Thailand ezithophayo kancane futhi ukhululekile kwezivakashi. On abahambi ngokuvamile wenze okuvelayo phakade ezweni zasendle, abantu khulula smiling namathempeli engavamile yaseCambodia. Lokhu bands ezimangalisayo ungazange bambalala ngisho Hollywood sephula ngokuphindaphindiwe Ubakhetha njengoba kwenkundla ukuze imidwebo yakhe.

abahambi ongumpetha bathi izici ihlobene ngokuqondile indawo yezwe, baqaphe kulabo kuphela uhlela uhambo:

1. Zonke amathempeli kuhle ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukahlukene zosuku: ezinye entathakusa, abanye emini, abanye phakathi kokuhlwa okubili.
2. Ukuhlolwa amasistimu lasendulo kuthatha isikhathi, ngakho umcimbi kufanele banikwe okungenani izinsuku ezintathu ukubona izindawo ezithakazelisayo eziningi. Ngalesi sikhathi ungahlala ehhotela edolobheni eliseduze Siem Reap.
3. A indawo ye-Angkor eziyinkimbinkimbi kunengqondo ukucabanga mayelana ngokuqasha imoto, kusukela izindawo abaningi kude komunye nomunye.

amathempeli Cambodia basendulo: Angkor

Le ngxenye yezwe, okuyinto eyaba sombuso umbuso omkhulu kunayo yonke eNingizimu Asia - Khmer. ngobukhulu bawo nokuchuma kungokwalabo eminyaka IX-XV. Ngaleso sikhathi, Angkor kwaba omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, namathempeli bakhe kakade eyaziwa kude lé nemingcele ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso.

Ngo-1431, amabutho Siam wabhubhisa edolobheni nezakhamuzi zawo bexoshwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Angkor, kanye engaphezu kwekhulu nokuhlobisa amathempeli nezigodlo eqinisweni, bashiya aphakathi kwamahlathi emvula aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo. Futhi kuphela ekupheleni semvelo XIX leminyaka Ann Muo kusukela France wanyathelisa eziningi imisebenzi okuye enikelwe Angkor.

Ngisho Rudyard Kipling wabhala yakhe edumile ethi mayelana Mowgli - "Jungle Book" - ngemuva kokuvakashela Angkor. Kusukela ngo-1992, lesi sakhiwo ithempeli ngaphansi kwesivikelo UNESCO. Lesisifundazwe Cambodian lasendulo isibe ekhaya ukuze SETHU ESIYIGUGU esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo of the Empire, Khmer.

Angkor - lingumuzi wasendulo

amathempeli Angkor singofakazi khona zangaphambi zezimboni isikhungo idolobha elikhulu emhlabeni, ngokusho lingakanani bebakhulu zamanje New York namuhla omkhulu ezivulekile Museum endaweni km² 200. Lokhu kudala umbono wokuthi emathempelini itshe ehlotshiswe izindonga sengathi amila kwehlathi njengomuzi ongangeneki.

Ososayensi namuhla ozama ukwembula izimfihlakalo isakhiwo sabo, kodwa Angkor igcina ngokucophelela izimfihlakalo zayo. Njengoba sokuthuthwa kwempahla umbuso, Angkor namuhla ngokuthi uzibuthe zabahamba nabacwaningi abavela emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi uma ezinsukwini ubudala lapha babehamba abathengisi, vakashela lanamuhla bezwe - izivakashi.

Ngaphandle ihaba, singasho ukuthi emathempelini Cambodia ne-Angkor ngokukhethekile - endaweni umxhwele kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kings of umbuso Khmer wayezikhandla imali nokwakha ithempeli acebile futhi kunezomunye ezazingaphambi kwayo.

Angkor Wat

Nethempeli elihle ngokubabazekayo of Angkor Wat (Cambodia) iyona jewel ongenambangi of Angkor. nemibhoshongo zakhona ziye zaba uphawu futhi litshwayo Cambodia. Ithempeli siqukethe imibhoshongo ezinhlanu amathempelana, nemipheme ezintathu, okuyinto ukwandisa ukuphakama maqondana nendawo futhi ezungezwe umsele egcwele amanzi, ububanzi 190 amamitha. ukwakhiwa iphrofayela kulingisa lizihlalele-lotus ihlumela.

Igalari lokuqala - kuba odongeni yangaphandle phezu komgodi. It has a umbhoshongo isikwele kusukela ngaphandle. Ceiling therebetween nge olungaphambili lwesonto Ingaphandle esidayisa ahlotshiswe ngesimo se-lotus, futhi ohlangothini engaphakathi libonisa abadansi ukuthola. I bas-imifanekiso ezindongeni zonke zemibukiso ezintathu, zibonisa izigcawu kusuka izinganekwane ahlukahlukene kanye nemicimbi eminingi zomlando.

Long Avenue uxhuma igalari kuqala wesibili. Kungenzeka ekhuphukela izitebhisi, lapho izinhlangothi ahlotshiswe ukubaza wezingonyama. Kulesi igalari Izindonga zangaphakathi ahlotshiswe izithombe apsar- amantombazana yasezulwini.

Igalari yesithathu siqukethe imibhoshongo ezinhlanu, okuyinto ethwele ithala eliphakeme. Kukhona izitebhisi emaweni kakhulu lapho zifanekisela nobunzima ukugibela endaweni wonkulunkulu. On ezindongeni igalari ungabona nezinyoka eziningi. Izidumbu zabo zigcina imihlathi wezingonyama.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Amatshe Angkor Wat, bushelelezi efana zemabula iphucuziwe, wabeka azinalo ikhambi kunenze nisondelane. The main yokwakha lokhu kwakha kwaba sandstone, ezazilethwa esakhiweni ne Kulen Intaba, okuyinto 40 km.

Cishe zonke evele, kuhlanganise amakholomu nophahla Jumpers bafa kusukela itshe. Phakathi kuka 1986 no 1992, Indian Archaeological Umphakathi olwenziwa emsebenzini Angkor sokubuyiselwa. Voshem ithempeli njengentelezi UNESCO Site.

Bayon

Leli thempeli lakhiwa behlonipha Jayavarman VII. It has amazinga amathathu. The main ingxenye umhlobiso ithempeli - imidwebo esibonisa kwansuku zonke Khmers. Bayon eCambodia bese has a udonga okuqinile, e ukuphakama 4.5 amamitha. On ke ungabona saleli impi on the Lake iTonle Sap, okuyinto inqobe phezu chamami Jayavarman VII.

Ngo-1925, Bayonne wayebhekwa njengendlu engcwele Buddhist. Ngo-1933, ethempelini, noma kunalokho, emthonjeni engaphansi kwakhe, sathola kwesithombe Buddha, ngokusobala okuyinto zifana ebonakalayo ukuze Jayavarman VII. Phakathi brahmanistkoy sokubuyiselwa, eyaqala ngokushesha ngemva kokufa yombusi, esengcolisiwe. Kamuva, sase siphendukile futhi efakwe kwi ithala.

Baphuon

Emathempelini Cambodia bahluke ngokuphelele nokuthi futhi kungathinta izivakashi. Ujabulela umoya Baiona okungavamile, aye ethempelini eziseduze Baphuon. Kwaphela isikhathi eside le ndawo nokwagcina lapho restorers wasebenza amashumi eminyaka. Umsebenzi wakhe baba Entela ebizwa ukubuthana puzzle emhlabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. iminyaka emibili kuphela edlule, izivakashi bakwazi ukuvakashela leli lasendulo wethempeli lamaHindu. It is Kunikezelwa Lord Shiva.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke emathempelini Cambodia lasendulo mkhulu ngokubabazekayo kakhulu. Izazi-mlando zithi endulo, Baphuon wayengomunye walaba amahle kakhulu e-Angkor. Kodwa kule zamashumi amahlanu okuqala ekhulu kokugcina wahileleka cishe on the esengozini ekubhujisweni. abavubukuli French kanye ithimba restorers sinqume ukuthi indlela kuphela ukuze ngiwusindise - zezikhali ngokuphelele, baqinise isisekelo, kuphela ke bahlanganise isakhiwo.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo ka Baphuon iye zezikhali. Phakathi Ukudilizwa amabhlogo ethempelini zidluliselwa ehlathini, lapho unit ngayinye inenombolo lalo. Phakathi nawo-70s emandleni kuleli zwe wafika kwe-Khmer Rouge, kanye nemisebenzi sokubuyiselwa samiswa. Kamuva kwathi Khmer Rouge wabhubhisa amadokhumenti ku ukuliqaqa ethempelini, futhi akukho ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kuyinto okumele iqoqwe 300 000 amabhlogo itshe. Architects kwadingeka ukusebenzisa izithombe izinkumbulo yezakhamuzi zendawo.

Ta Prohm

Mhlawumbe ayilokothi iyeke mangaza izivakashi Cambodia. Amathempeli ehlathini, ungabona cishe lonke izwe. Kodwa omunye wabo - Ta Prohm - kahle nje incazelo Kipling. Lokhu omkhulu ethempelini-Isigodlo, ugxile ehlathini ngokuphelele.

Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi kuyindlela yokubalekela esankondlo iningi Angkor, ke umoya amazing, idalwe izihlahla omkhulu ezizungeze izindonga. Bona lihluma aphuma emadwaleni kanye hang phezu kwemibhoshongo. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka izimpande usukhulile kanye ezindongeni ukuze izihlahla ayikwazi ukususwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izakhiwo.

Ta Prohm lakhiwa phakathi nokubusa Jayavarman njengoba Buddhist ethempelini, okuyinto usesikhundleni nsimu enkulukazi. Nokho, izakhiwo ke Akafani namanye amathempeli eCambodia. Kuyinto uchungechunge eyodwa storey izakhiwo, okuyinto oxhumene by ngokusebenzisa zemibukiso kanye izindima. Abaningi babo azitholakali, njengoba ungase ugajwe amatshe.

Ohlukile leli thempeli ukuthi kwezindonga zamatshe libhalwe setha imibhalo yasendulo. Etsheni eliqoshiwe, okuyinto kuyabonakala namuhla ku-Angkor National Museum, oqoshiwe sokuthuthwa kwempahla yethempeli kwakungekaNkulunkulu 3140 emadolobhaneni, lapho 79 365 abantu babesebenza, 18, base bekhonza abapristi abaphakeme, 2,800 onobhala. Ngaphakathi ethempelini wahlala ngokuqhubekayo kubantu abangaphezu kuka-12 000.

At the site yehlathi ozungezayo iThempeli namuhla, endulo kwaba umuzi ophithizelayo omkhulu, futhi sigcine eliningi ayigugu yakhe yengcebo. Manje kulukhuni kukukholwa loko, njengoba izakhiwo eziningi lingamanxiwa. Imithi zinhlobo ezimbili: kwekulu - banyan isihlahla ne awugqinsi, ukukhanya izimpande ensundu, kanti eyesibili - umkhiwane, i-oklinyayo. It libhekene sebuningini mncane, izimpande kahle bushelelezi grey.

imbewu yemithi awela ufa ekwakhiweni wokwakha kanye izimpande zikhule phansi, esisuka phansi. kakade Sithe emathempelini Cambodia bayakwazi kusimangaze ngisho nezimfumbe lososayensi yesimanje. Omunye wabo - oqoshiwe odongeni ethempelini Ta Prohm isithombe dinosaur, osiqondisayo uthando ukuletha amaqembu uhambo. Nokho, kuze kube manje akekho ongachaza ukuthi uhlelo Khmers wasendulo sasibonisa ubona dinosaur.