ImpiloImithi

Asbhestosi: umonakalo nempilo yabantu

Ngaphambi abantu baqaphela ukuthi asbestos sisetshenziselwa izinto eziyingozi empilweni, it is kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene emnothweni kazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwakho konke - e ukwakhiwa ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlaka zawo. Kuze yoma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, indaba fibrous ikakhulukazi ayaziswa kakhulu kwato ezishisayo kanye esihle sezulu ngxabano. Nokho, maduzane nje, ososayensi baye alalelwa ezinye izindawo engakhi asbestos. Umonakalo empilweni yomuntu kwale nto kanye nomthelela wakhona imvelo ziye zaba into izifundo eziningi zesayensi.

Imiphumela yomsebenzi, le nto ingezwe ohlwini eziyingozi oluthathwa IARC, namuhla kubhekwa omunye carcinogens esiyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa kungani abantu bacabanga mayelana izakhiwo okubhubhisa aleli ezibonakalayo? Bangaki empeleni kuletha izingozi asbestos impilo? Zama ukuqonda.

Kuyini asbestos?

Asbhestosi - mineral okuqondene isigaba esihle-fibre silicates. Emvelweni, kukhona iqoqo imali yayo. Injalo zemvelo kuba kwakwakhe amaminerali, kokuba isakhiwo zendawo ifomu imicu nezimo thinnest. Ngokusho isakhiwo lapho ezimbili ongakhetha yilezi:

  • asbestos amphibole - has a isakhiwo efomini imicu inaliti-efana ngqo;
  • chrysotile asbestos, noma asbestos emhlophe - has a isakhiwo ngesimo oyinyoka, okunzima Imicu yotshani lwalugobile noma elisontiwe.

Amphibole yena, zihlukaniswe subgroups ezimbili - crocidolite (asbestos okwesibhakabhaka) futhi amosite (asbestos brown).

Okuningi eziyingozi ziyaqothuka asbestos amphibole: umonakalo empilweni izinhlansana amancane abukhali ukuthi imuncwe indoda ekubhubhiseni fibre. Uma emzimbeni, uthuli ezinonya akusho chaza futhi akakhishwanga emaphashini - lapho kakade esaphila, kancane kancane phakathi kwezicubu ushevu aphethe.

Serpentines akheke ethambile, ngenxa yalokho abhekwa yingozi. Bona, ngokungafani amphibole, ziyoncibilika ngokushesha futhi asuswe umzimba ngaphandle kokudala phi hlungu.

Lapho asbestos isetshenzisiwe?

Lapho lisachuma kuyinto amaminerali elisetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene ukukhiqiza kabanzi engosini yezinqola, shipbuilding, zezindiza, futhi yebo ekwakheni. Kuze kube namuhla singahlangabezana yalolu ketshezi ezakhiweni ezindala yokuhlala, lapho kwakhiwa izakhi ipayipi ukwahlukanisa, uphahla namatshe phansi, upende izinto yokuqedela, njengoba okufakiwe usimende kanye ekukhiqizeni ukufulela azikhohlwe ngokuphelele izono zethu. Le nto ngenkuthalo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izindlu ezinhle zokugeza ekhaya izingadi. Cottagers babengazi nokuthi lapho umonakalo asbestos impilo evuthayo luyanda izikhathi eziningana.

It wasetshenziselwa ekukhiqizeni ezidayiswayo - heater, izinto zasendlini, izimonyo ngisho womshini amakhrayoni zezingane. Ngaleso sikhathi akukho muntu owayeke weza khona, kuze kufike kungaba izinhlayiya esiyingozi encane asbestos.

umonakalo empilweni okubangelwa ukuchayeka kule amaminerali, wazizwa lokuqala bonke labo bantu ababamba iqhaza enqubeni ukukhiqizwa.

Ulwazi lokuqala ngezingozi amaminerali

Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni ka asbestos baqala ukuza emva ucwaningo abasebenzi emigodini yezimayini, nayo asetshenziswa emsebenzini wabo impahla. Izisebenzi eziningi ziye zavela pathologies ezehlukene, izimpawu yomdlavuza kakhulu ngokuvamile manifest ukushayisana umgudu wokuphefumula.

Ngemva izifundo eziningi, International Agency for Research on Cancer ngo-1987, wamemezela yi: kuyinto eyingozi empilweni asbestos. umdlavuza wamaphaphu, mesothelioma, cystic amaningi, asbestosis kobukhulu ahlukahlukene nezinye izinhlobo izimila umdlavuza emzimbeni womuntu avele ngenxa yethonya amphibole.

I-European Community washaqeka ngemiphumela, ngakho namuhla ukusetshenziswa le nto ekukhiqizweni noma ukwakhiwa akuvunyelwe nakancane emazweni amaningi. Ngokushesha ngemva ulwazi nobungozi ukuchayeka womuntu ukuze amphibole baba litholakale emphakathini kwamanye amazwe waqala imikhankaso ahlukahlukene esikhundleni izingxenye asbestos-equkethe ekuklanyweni izinto okunye.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba sigweme imiphumela elimazayo?

Ngeshwa, aluqede ngokuphelele izinto asbestos-equkethe ezimpilweni zethu engenakwenzeka. Lokhu amaminerali eziningi ezincane emhlabathini, umoya namanzi. Namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abangaphezu kwesigidi wezisebenzi zimboni zisekhona nabo izinto eziyingozi ngenxa ukungakwazi ukukhishwa kwakhe kusukela endaweni ethile ye-inqubo.

Lapho asbestos namanje ezitholakele

Lokhu amaminerali namanje ekhona onobuhle amadala izimoto, abanye izakhiwo zokuhlala e zezakhiwo ezindala suburban. Ukuze cottagers eziningi umthombo umonakalo kakhulu impilo - asbestos in the okugeza. Phela, ngisho ezikhathini aseSoviet, lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela impahla ukumelana nomlilo ngenxa ezihlukahlukene ezinengilazi.

Asbhestosi akabi, kodwa ekuvezweni okushisa aphakeme siqala ukubhodloza phansi, kuyilapho egcizelela amphibole elimazayo. Akubona bonke abanikazi Cottages nezwe ukuthi isikhumba sobuso ukufa ngokwabo nemikhaya yawo.

Ububanzi namuhla

ERussia, naphezu umonakalo undoubted empilweni asbestos eziqukethwe Ukwakheka imikhiqizo kuka 3,000 ezahlukene: isetshenziswa ukwenziwa ukuhlunga futhi oseyili, emaphepha kanye amakhadibhodi, izingubo ezivikelayo ngoba bomlilo futhi abanye zokwakha asbestos. Ezweni lethu it ovunyelwe lisetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe eziningi zezimboni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kufanele ilawulwe kahle.

By endleleni, lapha kubalulekile ukwenza ukubhuka. Iyingozi umzimba womuntu hhayi imikhiqizo asbestos, futhi izinhlayiya emihle yalesi amaminerali emoyeni ngesimo a slurry. Ngokuvamile okwesikhashana kuphela ukuthuthukiswa ensimini kungabonwa asbestos nothuli kwezinye izinqubo zobuchwepheshe zimboni, noma ukubhujiswa zezakhiwo ezindala. Idinga akuqede umkhiqizo asbestos-aqukethe (azikhohlwe ngokuphelele izono zethu efanayo) ukuze uthole izinhlayiya ezinonya imvelo yasekhaya ngamabomu.

Nokho, noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziqala ukuyeka ukusebenza. I ukuguga kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba amaminerali ahlukaniselwe nothuli, kuba into futhi kungaba yinto allergen umzimba womuntu. Uma emaphashini, luhlala khona phakade asbestos eyinhlekelele. Ukulimala ezempilo, ikhule ibe nezicubu, iletha elikhulu. Nakuba izimpawu zokuqala ukugula singenzeka kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eminingana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu mbeni uthuli, imfundo ahlukahlukene umdlavuza, ngokwesilinganiso kwakukhona eminyakeni 7 kuphela kamuva, iziguli eziningi wathatha ngisho isikhathi eside.

izibalo okwesabisayo

Ngokusho-World Health Organization izibalo (WHO), ukuthi asbestos kubangela umdlavuza umgudu wokuphefumula 20% eziguli. Ngakho-ke, ngokwenqaba asbestos ubuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke.

Izimbangela zesifo

Namanje akukacaci kahle indlela uthuli asbestos kubangela isifo samaphaphu. Cishe ukuthuthukisa kwezinso zenzeka ngenxa yokulimala ku nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, okubangela Hyperplasia, metaplasia, futhi ayanda EPITHELIAL. Izenzo metaplasia elihlobene ne ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kohlobo oluthile amaminerali equkethe kieselguhr. Kunemibono ukuthi ukuvela izifo oncological wesistimu bronchopulmonary akusho neqhaza sezindawo amakhemikhali asbestos futhi bronchiectasis izinguquko ezinzima ezenzeka ngenxa ye ephefumula njalo uthuli.

Nokho, noma kunjalo, ngesisekelo lesi sifo yilabo zokuphefumula ipheshana izinqubo ukuvuvukala njengoba rhinopharyngitis chronic bronchiolitis kubangelwa ukuchayeka mechanical futhi amakhemikhali ukuze asbestos uthuli.

Zinakekele futhi obathandayo! Musa uhlushwa imiphumela elimazayo ngothuli elimazayo!

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