Beading: umlando nesenzakalo

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene wezandla ubuhlalu kuthatha indawo ekhethekile. Umlando yomsuka busekelwe endulo ezijulile. Lolu hlobo lwe-Folk art zithandwa kakhulu futhi evamile emazweni amaningi. It yasungulwa sikhambisana izitayela fashion futhi ukuvela impahla kanye namasu usebenza naye senzeka ngesikhathi ijubane esifana intuthuko emphakathini.

BC

Umlando okuvela beading okwaqala ngaphambi obhekwe impucuko enkulu yasendulo. Lokhu kwaziswa idonse njalo abaculi nangenkathi ezahlukene ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo yobuhle. Art umsebenzi nalo eladabuka ngesikhathi indoda lasekuqaleni.

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, lapho kwakungekho into okuthiwa "ubuhlalu", abantu ehlotshisiwe imizimba yabo zamatshe noma eyangaba kwezilwane, okwakukhona imigodi izindophi.

Ubuhlalu nabo bebekhona ethandwa ezinsukwini kwemibuso enamandla lasendulo. Okhokho bethu abayisebenzisa njengesiqondiso umhlobiso futhi kusho sokuvikeleka emimoyeni emibi. Phakathi zobuciko akusilo elilodwa abantu abavubukuli namuhla amatshe emihle, eyayibonakala yamba.

Izinto kuqala

History of the ukubukeka ubuhlalu futhi beading futhi elisuka zinsuku zakudala lapho abantu benza bona izesekeli kusuka ezihlukahlukene imbewu, pods, amantongomane, amagobolondo izimpiko namathambo. Kude ukukho muntu owakha wayekholelwa ukuthi uma kukhona ukugqoka okuthile kwabafileyo isilwane izingxenye ubucwebe enjalo uyomvikela ekuhlaseleni isilo, noma iqine kakhulu futhi enesibindi.

Umlando ubuhlalu futhi beading buhlobene futhi ukudalwa yethu okhokho yobumba enobuhlalu. Potters calcined yabo futhi camera ngopende. Lapho lo msebenzi waqala ukuthuthukisa, waqala ukusakaza zazifakwa amabhola imbobo. Kulawa, ukwenza ubucwebe kanye talismans, bakhonza njengamaphayona chip izingxoxo zokubonisana, ngisho wakubonakalisa kwezomnotho namandla.

Indians

Ngosizo imihlobiso abantu belandisa yalelozwe. imibono enjalo ezidume ngokukhethekile ukudliwa kwaboMdabu baseMelika. Umlando okuvela beading kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa amaNdiya, ababesebenzisa ubuhlalu for ekuhlobiseni imizi, sifake opholile babo izinwele, ukufekethisa izingubo zabo. Ngaphandle kwale Decor hardware isici engenzanga lasebunzini, amabhande isiko, ingane imbeleko noma isinemfu.

ENyakatho Melika futhi wasebenzisa ubuhlalu eyenziwe amagobolondo nezimpaphe. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwakha kubo eziningi nezinye izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, le njongo ziphathwe coral, itherkhoyisi, isiliva kanye nabanye.

Ingabe Mayan nejayidi Olmec lavuselelwa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abavubukuli bathola ubuhlalu, eyasebenza njengodonga isisekelo sokuthethelelwa igolide kanye rock crystal. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo wayevame ukusebenzisa ukudala ekhethekile crystal ubuhlalu.

eGibhithe lasendulo

History of the Beading elisuka eGibhithe lasendulo, okuthiwa okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo ngenalithi ngakwesokudla. Iqiniso lokuthi kuleli zwe eminyakeni engaba ngu-3000 edlule yasungulwa ingilazi, kusuka kulo waqala ukunyathelisa wokuqala yalezi ubuhlalu. Ekuqaleni base opaque futhi wasebenzisa ukuhlobisa izingubo oFaro okukhulu. AbaseGibithe futhi nokwelukiweyo imigexo lobuhlalu futhi efekethisiwe elungisa kubo.

Umlando beading izinyathelo ku isinyathelo esisodwa ukuthuthukiswa sonke isintu. Ezigabeni zokuqala ukhona, lezi ubuhlalu wakhonza njengephayona zethu ezingokwenyama efekethisiwe kanye Stringing ongavamile kwi ntambo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaqala ukuvela entsha, savela izinguqulo izinhlelo zazo zokusebenza.

Kwamanetha okusungulile aluka kwaba umfutho ukuvela imikhiqizo yalesi hardware ezimele. Khona-ke saqala ukubeka ngokuya zisebenzisa amaphethini ahlukahlukene futhi izikimu, kanye ubuhlalu wayiswa ezingeni elisha. AbaseGibithe kuhlanganiswe glass ubuhlalu ngamatshe ayigugu ezahlukene nezinsimbi zasebukhosini. Ubucwebe wadala kulokhu kwaziswa, waqala zasakazekela nakwamanye amazwe.

WamaRoma emhlabeni

Ngokushesha ngemva baton eGibhithe lobuhlalu amakhono wathatha phezu kweSiriya, bese wonke uMbuso WaseRoma, okuyinto kwalandelwa umhlaba wonke. AmaShayina baklama umshini elalakhiwe ohlakeni lokhuni ahlukaniswe e wire, lapho umba ubuhlalu. It is zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla futhi ubizwa ngokuthi izikweletu.

Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma ayematasa ukuthengisa ubuhlalu kuzo zonke izingxenye zombuso. Lokhu ifenisha kwaba futhi akukho sihambi kuya AmaCeltic asendulo futhi amaViking, ngubani baphotha aphume ubuhlalu wakhe futhi bamabhengele namabhande, izingubo ezifekethisiwe. Abanye abantu basendulo babengazi belisebenzisa njengophawu chip bargaining.

Umlando ubuhlalu eRussia eladabuka izikhathi sezizwe zakwa ayimizulane we Sarmatians namaSkithe. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo izingubo esetshenziswa nezicathulo, ehlotshiswe ubuhlalu. Ngisho namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva ngaphambi kwenkathi yobuKristu base ukusikiwa nge glass ubuhlalu ezinjengenyanga, imikhono esifubeni amahembe. Hhayi ngaphandle ubuhlalu agqamile umhlobiso ibhulukwe, amabhande izigqoko.

Venice

Beading, omlando wakhe is kuhlangene ku glassmaking, ayenziwa e-Venice. Ngemva kokuwa koMbuso WamaRoma e republic eseke phezu okuningi abaculi zivela eGreece nase-waseByzantium. Emakhulwini eminyaka 10-12 kukhona ubuhlalu tibuye yezandla ehlukahlukene kuzo.

Futhi le-13 leminyaka, lesi umkhakha waphuma lapha ukuze ezingeni entsha. Esikhathini 90 zokuqala zonke izimboni ingilazi zihanjiswe esiqhingini Murano. Masters ekhiqizwa ezihlukahlukene ubuhlalu, ubuhlalu, izinkinobho, kanye izitsha kanye nezibuko. Bakhuthalele wathengisa ngakho konke okudaliwe yabo.

Naples ayehlukile kuzo kwezinye izikhungo izikebhe ukuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka iphathwa amarubi. ingilazi ubuchwepheshe ngokudala oluthukuswe ngokucophelela amakhosi Venetian. Ikakhulukazi imfihlakalo enkulu yayiwukuthi iresiphi soda.

Wenezelwa esantini ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okusemakhasini lapho beading. Umlando Ikhuluma ngaleli qiniso njengoba enqabela nokukhishwa ingilazi kusukela Venice, ukuthi akukho sihambi ayikwazanga ukwembula imfihlo indalo yakhe.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-14 glassmaking republic ngasinye kubhekwe kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu kwezakhi elibusisekile umphakathi. 15 murantsy ithole ekuphathweni ayo, isimiso sokwahlulela futhi lwemali. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke yekhulu le-17 ubuciko glassmakers Venetian nezikhathi zayo engcono.

Le ndawo amakhulu eminyaka kuphela nomkhiqizi ubuhlalu. Abathengisi alethwe izesekeli zawo kuya aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, ukushintshana ke ukuze bathole izinongo, kasilika futhi, yebo, igolide. izizwe zase-Afrika wasebenzisa ubuhlalu njengendlela chip bargaining.

Europe

Beading, umlando umsuka okuyinto kuhlangene ku ukusakazeka kwalo emhlabeni wonke, wajabulela sisikhulu eYurophu. Ezweni lakubo, yayakhiwe ngaphansi isitoreji kwale ezibonakalayo futhi wahlela Fairs esikhethekile ukudayiswa ubuhlalu.

I eyigugu kakhulu kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ubuhlalu ekhaliphile encane, eyayintula ubukhulu kwesigamu isentimitha. Sajabulela ithandwa enkulu brocades ubuhlalu futhi yona-iphucuziwe ngaphakathi camera ngegolide noma isiliva.

Ukutholakala Melika , futhi indlela emfushane India kwalithinta leli beading. Umlando indalo yayo uthuthele ezingeni elisha. Esikhundleni ingilazi workshop wakhela izitshalo ezinkulu. Izikhungo zokukhiqiza emikhulu ezinjalo steel Spain, Portugal, eNetherlands, eNgilandi naseFrance. Imihlobiso kwathengiswa ngokugcwele eNyakatho Yurophu.

ubuchwepheshe obusha

Ingxenye yekhulu le-18 yesibili kwaletha ngcono entsha e ubuhlalu. Umlando nesamanje weza sibonga ndawonye ukuvela imishini ukuthi othile wenza ishubhu ngengilazi. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma ubuhlalu isibe isheshe futhi singabizi.

mncintiswano Olukhulu emakethe phakathi Venice naseBohemia waba yisisusa esinamandla ukuziqambela amakhosi ezihlukahlukene imibala, bobunjwa nobukhulu nokufakwa. Ufika udumo ububanzi phakathi owesifazane oyedwa kwabane eYurophu. Nezingubo, zobuhlalu, ekubeni imfashini kakhulu.

Lomhlangano uMbuso Hermitage kube yilolu suku babelokhu amasampula eziyingqayizivele izinto izingubo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi asinikiwe. Njengoba glass ubuhlalu ukumelana kahle sikhathi, baba namanje ukugcina nokukhanya kwazo nokuthi elikhangayo.

yesimanjemanje

On ingxenye nekhulu le-19 nelesi-20 leminyaka emhlabeni wonke, lokhu okubalulekile Ubuye baningi kakhulu. It wasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izikhwama, wallets, coasters, nezinye izinto.

Ubuhlalu futhi namuhla kabanzi ngokudala izintelezi, futhi ukusebenza ezingxenyeni ezihlukene izinto ezihlobene ikhabethe. Umlando beading izingane ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi enezici. Ungaba njengekhampasi nikhuthaze ukuba zikwazi lokho ukuze bahlanganyele lolu hlobo elimangalisayo ngenalithi.