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Abaholi Socialist-mbuso, izinhlelo, amacebo emzabalazweni. Ubani wayengumholi wakwa-Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRS)?

Ekuqaleni XX leminyaka in Russia ingxubevange Motley imicimbi yangaphakathi zezombusazwe zalo endaweni ekhethekile elalihlala Socialist-Revolutionary Party, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, Socialist-mbuso. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngu 1917 bona babebalelwa Ukwakheka kwabo abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, bona abazange babone imibono yabo. Ngemva kwalokho, abaholi eziningi SRS yaphela izinsuku zabo athunjiwe, futhi labo wayengafuni ukushiya Russia, zawa ngaphansi isondo nabangenasihawu yokucindezelwa uStalin.

Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka theory

Viktor Chernov - Umholi we-Social Revolutionary Party - kwaba nombhali hlelo, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1907 okokuqala ephephandabeni "Revolutionary Russia". Kusekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela wabeka eziningi zabuna Russian kanye angaphandle yokucabanga sezenhlalo. Ephepheni ukusebenza, ingashintshiwe ngokuba sonke isikhathi ukhona beqembu, lolu hlelo lwemukelwa osemcimbini engqungqutheleni, aphethwe ngo-1906.

Ngokomlando, SRS babe abalandeli populists futhi, njengoba babeshumayela inguqulelo wezwe socialism by izindlela ezinokuthula, ngaphandle kokudabula esigabeni kosozimali yentuthuko. Ohlelweni yakhe, abeka phambili nethemba ekwakheni isizwe sentando yeningi sezenhlalo lapho indima evelele kukhala ngabasebenzi zabasebenzi nezinhlangano wokubambisana. ukuhola kwakhe nguMkhandlu ePhalamende kanye neziphathimandla zendawo.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo ukwakha umphakathi omusha

Abaholi Socialist-mbuso ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 babekholelwa ukuthi ikusasa umphakathi kufanele usekelwe ngesisekelo komphakathi wezolimo. Ngokusho kwabo, izoqala ukwakhiwa yayo endaweni izobandakanya ngokuyinhloko ukwenqatshelwa kobunikazi yangasese komhlaba, kodwa hhayi ukufakwa kwezimayini kuhulumeni yayo, kodwa nje olimini ubunikazi yomphakathi, nelungelo okukhethekile yokudayisa. Hlukanani kumele kube umkhandlu wendawo, ezakhiwe ngesisekelo yeningi, nenkokhelo zizokwenziwa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana umnikelo langempela isisebenzi ngasinye noma i team yonke.

Isimo main ukuze kwakhiwe umphakathi sezenhlalo esizayo, abaholi Socialist-Revolutionary babekholelwa intando yeningi kanye nenkululeko yezombusazwe zonke izinhlobo ukubonakaliswa yayo. Ngokuqondene Russian kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo, amalungu AKP babe abasekeli ifomu sikahulumeni. Libuye omunye nezidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu kuyinto ukumelwa ezilinganiselwe kuzo zonke izingxenye sabantu ezindikimbeni akhethwe futhi uqondise weNarha.

Dala party

party Okokuqala SRS iseli kwamiswa ngo-1894 e Saratov futhi kwaba sisondelene neqembu lendawo le-People. Uma they awabange esaba khona, Socialist-mbuso aqala umsebenzi ezizimele. Kwakungenxa ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zabo futhi kukhiqizwe amapheshana ephrintiwe nezincwajana. Wayehola umsebenzi lo mbuthano umholi Socialist-mbuso (SRS) yaleyo minyaka A. Argun.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ukunyakaza kwabo uye yazuza kwenkululeko eside, futhi ekupheleni nineties cell wakhe uvele emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu. I ekuqaleni kwekhulu entsha kwaphawulwa eziningi izinguquko ezihlelekile lichaza ekwakheni iqembu. Kwakheka emagatsheni awo ezimele, ezifana "Party eNingizimu SR" futhi wadala e ezisenyakatho Russia "Socialist Union". Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, benza ihlanganiswe ne-abantu abaqondisa umsebenzi, ukudala isakhiwo oqinile ukuthi uyakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga kazwelonke. Phakathi nale minyaka, umholi we-Socialist-mbuso (SRS) kwaba V.Chernov.

Terror njengendlela "ikusasa eliqhakazile"

Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu iqembu "Combat Inhlangano" yabo, kuqala uqobo ngo-1902. Isisulu kuqala kwakungumprofethi uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke indlela izinguquko le "ikusasa eliqhakazile" ungagodli ensanguine betembusave. Amaphekula, nakuba ilungu SDP, ababesesimweni esingcono ezizimele ngokuphelele kanye nalezo ezizimele.

IKomiti Central, ekhomba isisulu sakhe esilandelayo, kuphela okukhulunywe isikhathi okulindeleke ngokubulawa, kokushiya amasosha inkululeko ephelele uhlelelwe senzo. Abaholi ngokujulile nezimfihlo lot babe Gershuni futhi kamuva provocateur wadalula, i-ejenti imfihlo wamaphoyisa omshoshaphansi Azef.

SRS sengqondo ezenzakalweni 1905

Lapho leli zwe waphula Revolution lokuqala isiRashiya, abaholi Socialist-Revolutionary asabela ngayo wakhe obusolisayo kakhulu. Ngokombono wabo, kwaba futhi wobunxiwankulu noma sezenhlalo, kanti uhlobo phakathi ezimbili. Inguquko ukuba ndawonye, bathi, kufanele kwenziwe ngezigaba by izindlela ezinokuthula, kanye yisandla kungaba inyunyana abantukazana owanikeza isikhundla ekuholeni, kanye sabasebenzi nezihlakaniphi ukusebenza. UMahluleli ophakeme umzimba zomthetho, ngokusho Socialist-mbuso, elalizokwakhiwa lalizoba ababamele LoMhlangano. bakhetha inkulumo ethi "Bona Izwe futhi Freedom" isiqubulo lakhe lezombusazwe.

Kusukela 1904 kuya 1907 iqembu kwenziwe inkulumo-ze olunzulu kanye nomsebenzi ukuyaluza. It zazikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zala izincwadi zomthetho, okuyinto ukubuthela ku ezinhlwini zabo amalungu nakakhulu. "Combat Inhlangano" libhekisela kuqedwa iqembu amaphekula enkathini efanayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imisebenzi namabutho kuba usabalalise, inani lawo likhuphuka kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abe njalo, futhi kosopolitii. I loudest nabo leyo minyaka kwaba ukuqhuma Umqeqeshi lemeya eMoscow uzibophezele I. Kaliayev. Sekukonke ngalesi zikhona 233 kwamaphekula.

Izingxabano eqenjini

Esikhathini esifanayo iqala le nqubo yokuzihlukanisa ezisuka kwezinhlaka ezizimele, kwakheka inhlangano ezimele zezombusazwe. Lokhu kamuva kwaholela amandla ichoboza futhi ekugcineni zabangela wokugoqa. Ngisho phakathi kwababusi iKomiti Central kwadingeka ukungezwani okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umholi owaziwayo ye-Socialist-mbuso ngo-1905 Savinkov ezihlongozwayo, naphezu Manifesto yenkosi, okwakunginika izakhamuzi inkululeko ethile, uqinise ukwesaba nomunye ovelele eqenjini - Azef - waphikelela ngokuthi uphelela.

Lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, e-ubuholi beqembu kucaca ngesikhathi internationalist okuthiwa, asekelwe ngokuyinhloko abameleli kophiko lwesokunxele.

Akumangalisi ukuthi umholi we Kwesokunxele Socialist-mbuso - Maria Spiridonov - Kamuva lahlangana amaBolshevik. Phakathi February Revolution, Social abavukeli, langena ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa ne Mensheviks-defencists baba iqembu elikhulu isikhathi. Kwakungumsebenzi ukumelwa eziningi uhulumeni wesikhashana. Abaholi abaningi we SRS ithole kuwo izikhundla eziholela. Engingakusho nje ukusho amagama ezifana Alexander Kerensky, Chernov, N. Avksentiev nabanye.

Ukulwisana amaBolshevik

Kakade ngo-Okthoba 1917, SRS langena ngxabano ezinzima nge amaBolshevik. Esicelweni sakhe esiya abantu Russia abashiwo uzibophezele zinyanga kokuquleka ahlomile amandla ukuhlanya ubugebengu. I Ukudluliselwa Socialist-mbuso ngaphakathi khalaza ushiye esimisweni II iCongress of namaSoviet. Babehlela ngisho ekomidini ukulondoloza izwe nenguquko, okwakubekelwa iholwa umholi owaziwayo ye-Socialist-mbuso (SRS) kwesikhathi Abrama Götz.

Ngesikhathi ukhetho Zonke-Russian, umhlangano abamelwe Socialist-mbuso uthole amavoti amaningi futhi wakhethwa usihlalo we umholi unomphela Socialist-Revolutionary Party ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 - Victor Chernov. Party Council luvete umzabalazo wokulwa Bolshevism njengoba igunya kanye ukuphuthuma, okuyinto waqalwa ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

Nokho, i-manqikanqika ethile yezenzo zabo ombangela ukunqotshwa ukuboshwa. Ikakhulukazi eziningi amalungu AKP uvele ejele ngo-1919. Ngenxa yalokho yokungavumelani naphakathi-party baqhubeka ngokwahlukana kwezikhundla zawo. Isibonelo kudalwa Ukraine yayo ezimele Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

Ukuphela komsebenzi AKP

Ekuqaleni kuka-1920, it sizovala imisebenzi yayo Party Central Committee, futhi kamuva ngonyaka kwenzeke inqubo lapho abaningi amalungu ayo abatholwa benecala "imisebenzi anti-kazwelonke". A umholi ovelele wezwe Socialist-mbuso (SRS) kwaba kuleyo minyaka, uVladimir Richter. Waboshwa emuva kwesikhathi labe selithi kozakwabo.

Ngokusho isinqumo inkantolo wadutshulwa njengoba kunesitha esiyingozi ikakhulukazi abantu. Ngo-1923, cishe Socialist-Revolutionary Party uye lashabalala ezweni lethu. Okwesikhathi esithile liqhubekile amalungu ayo kuphela, ababesekudingisweni.

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