AmakhompyuthaIsofthiwe

Git - kuyini? Git Wabasaqalayo: Incazelo

Abaningi walabo abathinteka ukuthuthukiswa software, wezwa Git. Izincwadi zani lezi ezintathu? Kubalulekile ukuqonda incazelo, kanye nezimiso wokusebenza, ukuze uqhubeke ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo le uhlelo lokulawula version, okuyinto, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo imiqondo ehlukene ngokuphelele kolwazi, umsebenzi nalo, naphezu interface yomsebenzisi efanayo. Ngakho, liyini Git?

incazelo

Git kuyinto basakaza okufushane elawula uhlelo for ifayela elalisanda kwakhiwa. Yaqalwa ngo-2005 Umbhali Linux uhlelo lokusebenza. Uhlelo synchronizes umsebenzi nesayithi, kanye nokugcina futhi ubuyekeze izinguquko amafayela. Lena indlela elula kakhulu lapho umutu abambisene naye emsebenzini a onjiniyela ambalwa. Kuze kube manje, kuba Git isetshenziswa amaphrojekthi amaningi adumile. Lokho ukusetshenziswa okunjalo? Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza Android ukwenza inani elikhulu program. Kungaba esingesihle kakhulu uma kungenzeka omunye wabo wenza umehluko, kanti abanye babengakholelwa ukwazi ngakho. Git futhi ivumela wonke umuntu ukuba baqaphe yonke izinguquko, futhi uma amaphutha ukuze ubuyele izinguqulo ezandulele amafayela.

Ukusebenzisa izifinyezo, hhayi nezimagqabhagqabha

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi Git nezinye izinhlelo version control ukuthi abheke idatha. Iningi lama-program nokugcina imininingwane njengoba uhlu izinguquko, ngokuthi nezimagqabhagqabha for amafayela. izinhlelo ezinjalo zihlanganisa idatha elondolozwe njenge yamafayela, kanye iqoqo izinguquko enzelwa ifayela ngalinye ngenhlonipho ezithile. Indlela ukugcina yayo Git idatha? Kuyini khona kulesi simiso ukuthi eyenza ihluke kwabanye? Esikhundleni nezimagqabhagqabha, idatha egcinwe ubhekwa iqoqo ukhonkolo kohlelo encane ifayela. Noma nini umsebenzisi enza inguqulo entsha ye-project, uhlelo nje kugcina isimo ifayela isikhunta okwamanje. Ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle esimweni lapho ifayela ayikashintshi, uhlelo asisho londoloza, futhi kwenza ireferensi ikhophi olulondoloziwe elalingakaze lenziwe kuze kube yimanje.

Lena Ngokuphambene kubalulekile nezinye izinhlelo zokulawula, okuyinto esivela Git. Uyini umehluko phakathi izinzuzo? Git uba njengamazwi uhlelo encane ifayela ngamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu ukuthi ukusebenzisa phezu kwalo.

imisebenzi advantageously wendawo

Ukuze imisebenzi kakhulu Git, badinga kuphela amafayela endawo kanye nezinsiza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezimweni eziningi akukho isidingo idatha egcinwe kwamanye amakhompyutha inethiwekhi. Njengoba zonke izinguquko iphrojekthi kukhona kudiski, ukwenza imisebenzi kwenzekani ngejubane umbani. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubuka umlando iphrojekthi, akudingekile ukulanda kwiseva. Walifunda naye kusuka Igumbi zendawo kuyi-computer. Uma ufuna ukubona izinguquko phakathi version of the ifayela, owabekwa ngenyanga edlule, futhi wamanje, ungakwenza ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle asebenzise iseva.

Omunye umsebenzi wendawo yinto kungaba izinto eziningi ukwenza ngaphandle ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Ngokwesibonelo, umthuthukisi ungenza izinguquko ngesikhathi ezokuthutha. Ukulawula izinhlelo eziningi, lokhu akunakwenzeka.

Okubukwa ubuqotho idatha

Ngaphambi kokuthi ulondoloze iyiphi ifayela, kunikezelwe ikhowudi ngesimo checksum ibalwa ngqo Git. Siyini -checksum? Lokhu value, ebalwa usebenzisa algorithm ekhethekile futhi lisetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho idatha phakathi isitoreji kanye ne-transmission. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ushintshe noma yini futhi kungesemehlweni Git, futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi uhlelo.

Lokhu kaningi wanezela

Cishe yonke imisebenzi ezenzeka Git, wanezela database. Ziyakwazi enzima kakhulu ukususa. Ungasebenzisa kuphela ulahlekelwe ulwazi olulondolozwe akakabi, kodwa ukulahlekelwa ayifakiwe lapho kuboshwa endaweni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abaningi bakhetha ke Git, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ungakwazi ukuhlola ngaphandle ingozi ukwenza okuthile ungalungiseki.

isimo ifayela

Ukusebenza Git Wabasaqalayo kuhilela ekhumbula ukuthi ifayela kungaba kwelinye ezintathu zithi:

  • Fixed, okungukuthi, ifayela lilondolozwe esitolo sendawo.
  • Altered lapho kuye kwenziwa izinguquko kodwa ababulawa ukulondolozwa.
  • Inkhulumo lelungiselelwe - washintsha amafayela ibhalwe ukuze angonakali.

Ngakho, kumaphrojekthi ezisebenzisa Git, kukhona izigaba ezintathu ukuze ahlukene wefayela:

  • I Git lwemibhalo, okuyinto igcina imethadatha into data base. Lena ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni.
  • lwemibhalo Ukusebenza, okuyinto ekhishwe ikhophi egciniwe kwanoma iyiphi inguqulo yeBhayibheli yephrojekthi.
  • Ifayela equkethe ulwazi mayelana ukulondolozwa okwalandela.

ukufaka Git

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze ukuze usebenzise uhlelo version control - uyifake. Kunezindlela eziningana ukwenza lokhu. Ingabe ongakhetha ezimbili eziyinhloko:

  • Ukufaka Git emthonjeni.
  • Ukufakwa iphakethe platform yakho.

Ukufaka Git emthonjeni

Lapho kutholakala, singalisebenzisa kangcono leli kukho, njengenguqulo yamuva izotholakala. buyekeza ngalinye ngokuvamile iqukethe eziningi ngcono ewusizo zokusetshenziswa ukubonwa. Yingakho, uma ufaka kusukela emithonjeni awulukhuni neze kuwe, kungcono ukuba ukhethe. Yebo, ne-Linux nokusakazwayo zihlanganisa amaphakheji akusebenzi.

Udinga ukufaka imitapo edingekayo: Expat, zinyakaze libiconv, openssl, zlib. Ngemva kokufaka kubo, ungalanda zakamuva version elawula uhlelo, ahlanganise futhi uyifake.

Ukufakwa ku-Windows

Uma ungenayo i-Linux, njengoba Ngifuna ukusebenzisa Git, i-Windows futhi isekela lesi simiso. Futhi kulula kakhulu ukufaka. Kukhona msysGit project, inqubo yokufaka okuyinto ingenye elula. Udinga nje ukulanda ifayela isifaki, engatholwa ekhasini iphrojekthi sika GitHub, bese uyisebenzise. Ngemva kokufaka kukhompyutha yakho kuyoba izinguqulo ezimbili - sokuqhafaza nokududuza.

Kokuqala ukusetha Git

Uma uhlelo lokulawula ifakiwe kukhompyutha, udinga ukwenza ezinye izinyathelo ukulungisa imvelo umsebenzisi. Lokhu kwenziwa kanye kuphela. Uma ubuyekeza wonke amasethingi zigcinwa. Bona kungashintshwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Git kuhlanganisa inhlangano Git wokumisa, okuvumela ukuba wenze izilungiselelo nokulawula ukusebenza kohlelo, kanye ukubukeka. Lezi nemingcele zingagcinwa ezindaweni ezintathu:

  • Ifayela equkethe amagugu obuvamile kubo bonke abasebenzisi futhi ekhosombeni.
  • Ifayela equkethe izilungiselelo umsebenzisi ethize.
  • Ngo ifayela ukumisa elise onalo zamanje. imingcele enjalo abavumelekile kuphela ke.

igama ngokwezifiso

Okokuqala, emva kokufaka, Kumele unikeze igama lomsebenzisi kanye e-mail. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ngamunye enze (londoloza nesimo) oluqukethe idatha. Basuke kufakwe uzabe zonke ngocansi futhi ayikwazi lashintshwa.

Uma ucacise inketho -global, lezi izilungiselelo kuyodingeka kwenziwe esisodwa.

Ukukhetha sombhalo

Ngemva ecacisa igama umhleli ukukhetha, obekungadala ezidingekayo uma uthayipha kwemilayezo Git. Okuzenzakalelayo izosebenzisa ejwayelekile umhleli yesistimu yokusebenza. Uma umsebenzisi ufuna ukusebenzisa enye, udinga ukuba babhalise efayeleni yokulungisa ku core.editor umugqa.

Hlola izilungiselelo

Ukuze ukwazi izinto eziyisisekelo Git, ufanele ukwazi ukuhlola izilungiselelo esetshenziswa. Ngenxa yale njongo ithimba le Git le -Uhlu Uhlel. Libonisa zonke ongakhetha engatholakala. Amanye amagama ongakhetha angabhaliswa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Git ofunda ukhiye owodwa kusukela kumafayela ezahlukene. Kulesi simo, inani zokugcina isetshenziselwa ikhi ngayinye. Kungenzeka ukuhlola amagugu okhiye ezithile ezihambisana ithimba esikhundleni «--list» - «{ukhiye}".

Kanjani ukwakha Igumbi

Ukuze ufinyelele kulesi ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala ukungenisa lwemibhalo yamanje, noma iphrojekthi. Esesibili - Clone kusukela kuseva ye-Igumbi ekhona.

Dala kulolu hlu lwemibhalo

Uma umsebenzisi anquma ukuqala ukusebenzisa Git ukuba iphrojekthi ekhona, kumele uye ku lwemibhalo futhi ukuqalisa uhlelo. Lokhu kudinga Init ithimba Git. Idala yohlu engaphansi lwemibhalo ukuthi sizoqukatha wonke amafayela ezidingekayo. Kulesi sigaba, ungakabi efakwe version control lo msebenzi. Ukwengeza amafayela ohlwini ukulawula isidingo sabo Inkomba futhi wenze nenkanuko edlulele lokuqala izinguquko.

cloning Igumbi

Ukuze uthole ikhophi Igumbi ekhona kudingeka Clone ithimba Git. Ngosizo Git uthola ikhophi cishe yonke idatha kwi-server. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izinguqulo ngalunye lwefayela. Isici Ukugunda kakhulu, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ukwehluleka uhlelo iseva angasebenzisa Clone kunoma iyiphi iklayenti ukubuyela iseva esimweni lapho kwaba lapho cloning. Lokhu kuyafana a ukubuyisela phuzu.

Ukususa ifayela Git

Khipha noma yiliphi ifayela kungaba, uma Sizibeka eceleni ke kusukela index, okungukuthi, amafayela elibukhali. Lokhu kudinga rm ithimba Git. Iphinde kususa ifayela kusuka lwemibhalo yomsebenzisi. Khona-ke udinga ukwenza bophezela. Ngemva kwakhe, ifayela linyamalale futhi ngeke isakwazi elibukhali. Uma ushintshe, futhi kakade ngokobungako ke sisebenzise ukususwa ngenkani kanye ukhetho -F. Le ndlela kuzovimbela ukususwa idatha ongakabi libhaliswe isifinyezo, nokuthi ayikho indlela ukubuyisela ohlelweni.

Khansela izinguquko

Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuba uqede noma yisiphi isenzo. Uma umsebenzisi enze ekuseni, ukukhohlwa ufake amanye amafayela, kungenzeka ukuba udlule ngokusebenzisa --amend inketho. Lo myalo isetshenziswa ukuze uhambise Inkomba. Uma emva londoloza zokugcina ungenziwanga noma yiziphi izinguquko, iphrojekthi kuzoba isimo esifanayo, futhi umhleli kuyoba amazwana, lapho umsebenzisi Ungahlela konke okudingayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akuwona wonke ukwesulwa ukusebenza izokhanselwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ukususa unaphakade idatha ezidingekayo. Kufanele kube ikukhonzile.

Imiphumela

Manje umsebenzisi kufanele ukwakha umqondo walokho Git, kungani lokhu uhlelo version control, ukuthi lihluke kanjani kwezinye imikhiqizo efanayo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukubuyekeza egcwele kuyadingeka ukuze ufake inguqulo zokusebenza Git nge izilungiselelo siqu ngokwabo. Hhayi ukuvimbela noma yimuphi okokufundisa noma ividiyo Yiqiniso ku Git ngoba "dummies", okuyinto uzokwazi ukubamba isinyathelo umsebenzisi ngesinyathelo ngenqubo ukusebenza ohlelweni.

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