I-Navruz-bairam - iholidi lonyaka! Amasiko wokugubha i-Nowruz

I-Navruz-bairam iyiholide lasendulo, egujwa izakhamizi zamazwe amaningi ase-Asia kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa zaseRussia. Usuku lokubamba kwalo luyi-twenty-first of March. Lona usuku lwe-equinox yama-vernal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwekhalenda lelanga elisezinkanyezi, elisetshenziselwa ngokomthetho e-Afghanistan nase-Iran, i-Navruz-Bayram usuku lokuqala ngonyaka ozayo.

Kugujwa entwasahlobo. Ifanekisela ukuvuselelwa komuntu kanye nemvelo. I-Navruz ihumusha kusuka ku-Farsi ngokuthi "usuku olusha".

Umlando wesenzakalo

I-Navruz-bairam ingenye yamaholide amadala kakhulu ayekhona emlandweni wesintu. E-Persia (i-Iran yanamuhla), nase-Asia Ephakathi, yaqala ukugujwa kakhulu, ngisho nangaphambi kwekhulu lesikhombisa BC. Ngokuphathelene nezimpande ezijulile zomlando weholide, imvelaphi yayo yangempela ayiziwa.

Imikhuba ye-Navruz ihlotshaniswa negama lomsunguli wenkolo yeZoroastrianism, umprofethi waseZarathustra, kanye nenkolo yomlilo nelanga. Umthombo wasendulo kunazo zonke, lapho kukhulunywe khona leli holide, imibhalo engcwele kaZoroastrianism Avesta. Kuthiwa kuwo ukuthi entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukugubha ukubukeka kokuphila.

Iholidi le-Navruz-bairam liphinde lihlobene nokubusa kuka-Shah Jamshid. Lo mbusi oyingqayizivele wahlabelela enkondlweni ethi "Shahnameh". Kukholelwa ukuthi bekuyilolu suku ukuthi iqhawe likaSiyavush, elabulawa nguTuran Afrasiyab, lingcwatshwa.

Khuluma ngeholidi kanye nezingane zesiTurkey. Bakhuluma ngalolu suku njengosuku lokubukeka kwabantu baseTurkey basezindaweni ezingamanga zase-Altai - Ergenekon.

Uphi i-Navruz egujwa?

Iningi eliqhakazile futhi elibanzi namuhla ligujwa ngabantu base-Afghanistan nase-Iran. Ngokwezikhalenda ezisemthethweni zala mazwe, unyaka omusha ufika nokufika kwakhe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Navruz iholidi lonyaka. Ngomhla ka-Mashi 21 ukuthi ubude bosuku bulingana nobusuku, bese buhamba kancane kancane. Okokugcina kufika entwasahlobo yayo. Leliholide liyisiqalo sempi yasensimini, okuyinto ukukhathazeka nethemba labalimi. Yingakho i-Navruz-bairam igubha hhayi kuphela ukuqala konyaka omusha, kodwa nomsebenzi wezolimo.

Lolu suku lugujwa eTajikistan naseKazakhstan, e-Uzbekistan nase-Azerbaijan, eTurkey naseNdiya, eMakedoniya nase-Albania, eKyrgyzstan nasezindaweni ezithile zeRussia Federation (iBashkiria neNorth Caucasus, iTatarstan naseCrimea). Emazweni ase-Arab, usuku lwe-equinox yama-vernal alugubhi.

Isikhathi

Imikhosi yemifula igubha ikhalenda elanga, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Iranian lasendulo (shamsi). Kuyo, izinsuku zokuqala zenyanga ngayinye zihambisana nezinyanga ezintsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinsuku ziyashintshwa minyaka yonke ngezinsuku eziyishumi kuya kweshumi nanye. Iholide iqala lapho i-disk yelanga ifika ekwakheni kwama-Aries. Ngaphambilini lo mzuzu wawunqunywa ababhula ngezinkanyezi - i-munagizhimi - abantu abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu eMpumalanga. Njengamanje, lo mcimbi ubalwa izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi futhi uboniswa ekhalendeni kuya kumzuzu oseduzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mzuzu ukwaziswa kuthelevishini nakumsakazo.

I-Navruz-bairam iyiholide esemthethweni e-Afghanistan nase-Iran. Kulokhu, izinsuku zokuqala ezinhlanu ngonyaka omusha, kanye neyeshumi nantathu, azisebenzi. Kwamanye amazwe, i-Navruz ngumkhosi womuntu. Noma kunjalo, eqinisweni, yonke indawo iyafana. Lona usuku lomhlangano ojabulisayo futhi ojabulisayo wenhlanzi.

Amasiko

Amasiko wokugubha i- equinox yama-vernal ahluka kancane kancane kusuka kwelinye ilizwe kuya kwelinye, futhi kusukela esifundeni kuya esifundeni. Amagama abahlali bamazwe ahlukene abizwa ngokuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, e-Iran lena yi-Nouruz, e-Afghanistan - i-Novruz, e-Iran naseTurkey - i-Nevruz.

Kusukela kuNyaka Omusha leli holide linomthelela omkhulu. Akugubha ngobusuku, kepha ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Nokho, njengathi, lokhu ngumcimbi womndeni. Ekuqaleni komzuzwana onzima, wonke umuntu kufanele abe ekhaya etafuleni lokugubha. Umndeni wonke uqinisekile ukuhlangana ndawonye ukuhlangabezana ne-Navruz. Amasiko anikezela ukuba khona etafuleni lemikhosi, ngaphandle kwezingubo, izinto eziyisikhombisa. Noma kunjalo, amagama abo kufanele aqale ngencwadi "c". Uhlu lwazo luhlanganisa i-ruta (i-sepand), imifino yemifino ehlwanyelwe (saben), i-garlic (inkosikazi), ama-apula (sib), uviniga (i-sirke), i-thyme (i-satar), iminqumo yasendle (sinjid). Phakathi kwetafula kukhona ngempela isinkwa esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-sangak, sinomkhumbi ngamanzi, lapho igqabi eliluhlaza lihamba khona, kanye namapuleti lapho amaqanda aqoshiwe alala khona.

Konke ukudla kufanele kugcizelele ukuma kwezolimo zeholide lentwasahlobo. Isibonelo, iqanda, imifino nesinkwa kufanekisela ukuzala.

Umkhosi weNavruz emaphandleni uqala ngomsele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngemuva kokulima umhlali ohlonishwa kakhulu. Emgodini wokuqala, uphonsa okusanhlamvu okuncane. Yingakho konke ukusebenza komsebenzi kungase kuqale - ukulimaza, ukulima, ukuhlwanyela, njll.

Ukugubha usuku lweshumi nantathu

Phakathi kwamaTajik, amaPheresiya neHazaras (ubuzwe base-Afghan), lolo suku kuthiwa yiSizdeh Bedar. Ekuhunyushweni lokhu kusho "Ishumi nesithathu esangweni". Izakhamizi ngalolu suku zivakashela izingadi namapaki, shiya izinkampani ezijabule ngaphandle komuzi. Abalimi bayaphuma emagodini nasezindlebeni. Kulezi zithombe ze-picnics kuletha amaswidi ngonyaka.

Amasiko amakhulu e-Navruz

Ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka omusha, kuyisiko ukuhlela ukuhlanza jikelele endlini, nokuvuselela ikhabethe lazo zonke amalungu omndeni. Labo abagubha iholide le-Navruz-bairam, kuze kube usuku lo-equinox we-vernal kufanele banikeze zonke izikweletu, baxolele izikhalazo futhi babuyisane nabantu abafisa izifiso.

Ngokwesiko ekhona, ngaphambi konyaka omusha kukhona umkhosi womlilo. Kuthatha indlela engavamile. NgoLwesibili wokugcina wonyaka, ama-bonfire avuliwe emigwaqeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokushona kwelanga. Ngomlilo, ngokwesiko, konke ukugxuma - izingane kanye nabantu abadala.

Ngesikhathi sokugubha etafuleni kumele kube yizivande ezinezimbali namakhandlela, izibuko kanye nezithelo, kanye nezitsha ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo i-pilaf. Ngokweziko zabantu base-Afghan, i-Navruz ilungiselela i-compote ekhethekile ebizwa nge-haftmev. Ekubunjweni kwayo - izithelo zama-alimondi nama-pistachios, ama-raisin alula futhi asemnyama, ama-walnuts ne-senched. I-Kazakhs etafuleni lokugcoba ibeka isidlo esikhethekile - isikhumba se-nauryz. Kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziyisikhombisa: amanzi kanye nofulawa, inyama nebhotela, ubisi nezinhlamvu, usawoti. Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningana zokupheka le dish. Kule ndaba, umsikazi ngamunye ulungiselela ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ngokwesiko esikhona, ngesikhathi sokugubha uNyaka Omusha, abafileyo bayakhunjulwa, futhi ezinsukwini zakuqala ze-Navruz vakashela abangani nabazali.