I-self-copying inkathazo yekhompiyutha - iyini nokuthi ungayibhekana kanjani nayo?

I-self-copying inkathazo yekhompiyutha - iyini futhi yiyiphi inqubo yesenzo sayo? Zidalwa kanjani futhi zenza bani? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona nokuthi yini eyenza ukubukeka okwehlukile? Manje uzothola ukuthi iyiphi inkathazo yekhompyutha yokuzikopisha. Impendulo ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezingu-6. Akukona kuphela ukuhlukaniswa okucatshangwayo, kodwa futhi nezindlela zokulahlwa kanye nokuphepha, ukuze ungalokothi ufunde ngazo ngokusebenza.

I-self-copying inkathazo yikhompyutha yikho?

Ekuqaleni, kuyadingeka ukunquma igama lesiqephu. I-self-copying inkathazo yekhompuyutha yigama eliphelele legciwane lekhompyutha. Lezi yizinhlelo ezandisa inani labo ngokuzimela, ukunciphisa inani lememori elitholakalayo kumsebenzisi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwenza imisebenzi yokuxoshwa. Ukusikwa kwesabatha kungaba kokubili okungenabungozi (ukuthatha ingxenye ye-RAM ukukopisha ngaphansi kwayo), nokuba nemiphumela ephawulekayo (kuze kube khona ukwehluleka kwikhompyutha).

Esinye sezici zabo ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukukopisha ngokwabo, kodwa futhi bazise ikhodi yabo kwezinye izinhlelo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza ngokugcwele kwamagciwane kungxenye enkulu yekhodi kuyadingeka, izinhlelo ezibhekiswe kuzo kumele zibe mkhulu. Zinegama elithi "amagciwane" ngenxa yokufana kwazo nama virus wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule akwazi ukwenza ukuzivumelanisa nokuzivumelanisa, okuqhubeka nokwandisa ukufana. I-self-copying inkathazo yekhompuyutha iyimpendulo yezinkinga eziningi ezivela ngekhompyutha futhi izokwenzeka kuze kube yilapho igciwane lisusiwe.

Umlando wamagciwane

I-Brain virus yokuqala, eyayinenhlanhla yokuhlasela okukhulu, yasungulwa ngo-1986. Futhi kakade ngo-1987-1988 kwakukhona ukuphakama kwakhe. Amagciwane ayengaphambi kwakhe, kuhlanganise neSoviet Union, kodwa izenzo zabo azitholanga isikali esinjalo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inani lamagciwane liye landa, futhi namuhla liba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zegciwane ezikhona?

Abantu abahlukahlukene baye bahlakulela amagciwane amaningi ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezenzweni zabo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu:

1. Isibungu. Uhlelo olungenabungozi oluthatha amakhophi futhi lusebenzisa i-RAM. Kodwa ngokutheleleka okuphawulekayo kungakha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu lapho usebenzisa ikhompyutha. Lokhu kusebenza ngokukhethekile kulabo abangenayo i-RAM eyanele yokwenza imbongolo ikhule isikhathi eside.
2. Igciwane liyi-zombie. Lezi amagciwane zisetshenziselwa ukufinyeleleka kwikhompyutha ekude. Isici sokusetshenziswa sihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni ekuhlaselweni kogaxekile kusayithi ngaphambi kokutheleleka ngohlu lokuposa oluzothumela izincwadi kwi-intanethi. Futhi konke kwenziwa ngokucophelela kangangokuthi umsebenzisi akaqapheli ngisho nokuthi ikhompiyutha yakhe ihlangene nezimbangi.
3. Uhlelo oluvimbela ukufinyelela. I-banner evimba iwindi futhi idinga ukuba uthumele imali endaweni ethile. Njengoba ungakwazi ukuqagela - emva kokuthumela imali ayanyamalala. Ungasusa lolu hlelo kwimodi ephephile yekhompyutha yakho.
4. Izinhlelo ezilimaza ikhompyutha. Isofthiwe echitha amafayela wesistimu, ekhubaza imishini esebenzayo futhi ibenze ibe yizinqwaba zensimbi neplastiki.

Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kwegciwane nenhlelo enonya?

Ngokuvamile phakathi kwamazwi "igciwane" nelithi "uhlelo olubi" kufaka uphawu lokulingana. Ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Cha, akunjalo. Iphuzu ukuthi ama- trojans nezinhloli ze-spyware zingena emcimbini we-malware, ngaphandle kwama- virus . Futhi umqondo we "malware" wanda kakhulu - ngakho-ke, konke kuyi-software esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kwikhompyutha ngenhloso yobugebengu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkathazo yekhomputha yokuzikopisha iyisofthiwe engashumeka kwezinye izinhlelo, kuyilapho amaTrojans nezinhloli bengenawo amandla.

Indlela yokususa igciwane?

Indlela elula futhi ethandwa kakhulu ukuwusebenzisa usizo lwe-unqulo wesi arab (nokuqinisekisa ukubhujiswa kwenhloli nakho kuyi-antispyware). Kodwa kunezinhlelo ezihlukene ezizibhalisa ngokwazo ezibhalweni zesistimu yokusebenza, futhi kuphela ochwepheshe abangabhekana nazo. Uma unquma ukuthi kufanele uphathe ikhompyutha ukulungiswa, kungakapheli isikhathi: ezinkundleni ezinkulu zekhompuyutha kukhona iminyango yokusiza ngezinkinga ngekhomputha, thintana lapho ukuze uthole usizo futhi uzobonisana ukuthi ungathola kanjani igciwane nokuthi ungayisusa kanjani.

Yeka ukuthi ungahambisani negciwane lekhompyutha?

Inkinga engcono kakhulu engavamile. Futhi ngalokhu kufanele uqaphele:

1. Landa amafayela kuphela kwimithombo, ngemva kwalokho ungaboni okuthile "okusha" kwikhompyutha yakho.
2. Uma ifayela elilandiwe linesidingo esandisiwe, kodwa isithonjana se-archive - ungayivuli (kungaba yirekhodi lokuzikhiya, kodwa cishe ayisetshenzisiwe, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi - ngaphambi kokuba ugule).
3. Linganisa ubukhulu besilinganiso sefayela oyidingayo futhi ulayishe. Ngakho-ke, uma udinga uhlelo lwamakhilobytes amabili noma ama-gigabytes ambalwa, futhi unikezwa ifayela lama-kilobytes angu-500 - nansi igciwane noma olunye uhlelo olubi.

Manje ukuthi uyazi ukuthi kunezinhlelo ezinjalo njenge-self-copying inkathazo yekhompuyutha ezithembisa ngesimo sengqondo esingenangqondo, ungaqapha futhi uqaphele. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba akho okuhlangana nabo futhi ufunde kusuka kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho okuyikho.