I-Yak-42D - indiza yezindiza ezincane: izici nokubuyekezwa

Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindiza ezifuywayo, lapho usuku ngalunye lukhuphuka emoyeni ngaphezu kwezwe lethu, futhi akubona bonke abajwayele ukujwayela i-townfolk. Ngakho-ke, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwaziyo nge-Yak-42D imodeli. Imoto ihlukile, ifanelwe ukunakwa okujulile.

Yak-42 ezinsukwini zethu

Le ndege indiza ukuhamba ngezindiza zezindiza zeSaratov. Akukho lutho olusimangazayo, kwakuseSaratov ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwalesi sithuthi kwakhiwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngaphandle kwehabhu lokuthutha lomoya le-Saratov, i-Yak-42D ibonakala ku-Domodedovo. Ikhamphani yezindiza inezimoto eziyi-14 ezindizeni zayo, 4 ezigcinweni.

Ezokuthutha zisepaki zezinkampani:

• "KrasAvia";
• "IzhAvia";
• "Tulpar-Air";
• "Avia Eyesabekayo";
• UMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo ZaseRussia Federation.

Kwakukhona i-Yakut (indiza) futhi isebenze neGazprom Avia, kodwa nje nje inkampani yashiya ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Izimoto eziningana zihamba ngisho nakwamanye amazwe: e-China, ePakistan nase-Iran, eCuba.

Amaqiniso avela emlandweni

I-Yak-42 yase-Yakovlev Design Bureau yasungulwa kusukela ngo-1972 kuya ku-1980. Inhloso yayiwukuba esikhundleni se-TU-134 - indiza enhle, kodwa ngokushesha ekhulile. U-1988 wabonakaliswa ukuqala komkhiqizo we-serial womklamo omusha - Yak 42D. Imoto inqobe ngesisindo esikhulu sokuthatha isisindo kanye nobubanzi bendiza ende.

Le mboni yakhiqiza izindiza ezingu-183 zalokhu kuguqulwa. Ezimbili zazo zenzelwe ukuhlolwa kwamandla. 11 zakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuqala kuka 1977-1981. Esiteshini sezindiza eSmolensk, 172 esakhiwe eSaratov Aircraft Plant. Yak - indiza inokwethenjelwa, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwayo kwavalwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-2003. I-fuselage kakade elungiselelwe yezindiza, engazange ihloselwe ukuya emgwaqeni, yayisetshenziselwa izibazi.

Njengoba umsebenzi wawuwukwenza i-Yak-42 ibe yindiza yezindiza ezincane, yenzelwe ukulindela ama-aerodromes ahlukahlukene. Imoto ayidingi indlela emide yokuthatha noma indawo enkulu yokufika, okuyiyona ejwayelekile yokusetshenziswa kwe-Boeing ne-Airbus kakhulu. Idizayini ivumelekile ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwe-gangway yezindiza.

Isici sezindiza

Ehhovisi le-Yakovlev Design Bureau, imiklamo ehlukile yendiza yenzelwe. Kuyinto evamile ukubiza abasebenzi be-hangar benga esikolweni. Ukukhonza ibhodi elinjalo kuwumsebenzi onzima. Njengoba wazi, iSaratov Aircraft Factory yaqala ukuphazamiseka, ngakho-ke yayeka ngokuphelele. Ngokusobala, ukukhiqizwa, kufaka phakathi amakhukhi wokulungisa, izingxenye ezisele, kuphelile. Kodwa uthando lomsebenzi wakhe lusiza imishini ukuletha "Yaki" kaningi esimweni esanelisayo - futhi izimoto ziphinde zihambe emgwaqweni.

Uma ufunda mayelana nokubuyekezwa kwe-Yak-42D, kuzoshiya umqondo wokuthi imoto ayilungile kakhulu, ukukhiqiza ukuyeka akuwona umcimbi omubi kangaka. Kuvame ukukhulunywa ukuthi ukuthutha okusebenzayo kwakungavamile. Noma kunjalo, amathemba ayengalungile. Abaqambi bahlongoza izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Faka esikhundleni injini ngesistimu ephumelelayo kakhulu;
• Ukufaka imishini emisha yezindiza;
• Linganisa icala ukuze uhambise abagibeli abaningi.

Umusho wokugcina uqaliswa ngendlela ye-Yak-42M. Imoto ikhonza amakhasimende angu-168 ngesikhathi sezindiza.

Noma kunjalo, ukuqaphela ukuthi lo mbono uhlulekile. Kodwa izimpendulo zalabo abasakwazi ukushayela ku-Yak-42 ngokuqinisekile zithi le ndege iyaqhubeka inhle, naphezu kokuthungatha.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

I-Yak-42 inezinjini ze-atypical - umsebenzi uhlelwe ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela. Lokhu kukuvumela ukutshala le unit ngesivinini esincane kakhulu, akudingi izindlela ezengeziwe zokusiza ngesivinini, ngaphandle kwamabhuleki akhiwe ku-chassis, kanye nosizo lwephiko elihle.

EGeorgia, eRussiavi, indiza efana ne Yak-42 (uhlobo lwezokuthutha YAK-40) lwabhalwa, lwaguqulwa lwavulwa ngaphakathi enkulisa.

I-YAK-42D ibonakala kumculo. Ngakho, uSergei Minaev, ebhala ingoma yezingoma ezidumile zaseSweden, wabhala le migqa elandelayo:

"Uma izindiza zingaboni ezimweni ezimbi - akunandaba,

"Ela" akakwazi, futhi "Yaki" - yebo. "

Futhi akulona amazwi angenalutho, ngoba izidingo ze-host host kanye nezimo zezulu, "i-Yakov" isezansi kakhulu.

Manje lokhu akusasakhunjulwa, kodwa amashumi eminyaka adlule kwakukhona iphrojekthi yezindiza zokuthutha esekelwe i-Yak-42.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli

Izimpawu zezindiza ze-Yak-42D zihluka kancane kusuka emhlanganweni ukuya emhlanganweni. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke ekufundeni kwezindiza:

• I-VIP;
• Usizo jikelele.

Umehluko oyinhloko ekwenzeni ikakishi lomgibeli. Iphakheji le-VIP lifaka:

• Salon emihlanganweni;
• Igumbi lokuphumula;
• Isilasi salononi 1;
• Salon yokuhamba.

Kumgibeli oyinhloko, igumbi lokuphumula lihlonyiswe isihlalo somkhonto wezitshalo kanye neserofa sezihlalo ezimbili, ezingasandiswa zibe yindlala egcwele. Kukhona itafula elisebenzayo (amafolda uma kunesidingo), ikhabethe kanye nendawo yokugezela yangasese.

Ikamelo elikhethekile eligcinwe imihlangano linamakhanda amane ahamba phambili, angathuthwa azungeze i-salon. Kukhona itafula elikhulu, ama-sofas amabili, eyenzelwe abantu abangu-7. Kukhona uhlelo lokuxhumana lwevidiyo nokufinyelela kufoni ye-satellite.

I-salon yeklasi lokuqala ifakwe izihlalo zokugcina izihlalo ezimbili, ihlukaniswe ngamabhuloki. Ingqikithi yezingqimba 4. Phakathi kwabo kukhona amatafula okunamathisela afakiwe (izingcezu ezimbili). Iqembu elihambisana nalo lihamba endaweni ekhethiwe, eyenzelwe ukuthunyelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwabantu abangu-18.

Esikhathini esiphezulu sezindiza ze-Yak-42D, i-cabin ikhululekile izindiza ezinde, enesiphequluli, imishini yekhishi ifakiwe. Imishini ye-VIP ihlanganisa imishini yakamuva yokuhamba, ukuhlola, kanye nezinhlelo zomsakazo zesizukulwane esisha. I-YAK-42 iyindiza, ifakwe izinhlelo ezifuywayo, kunezimoto nezinhlelo zokulawula zangaphandle ebhodini.

Isinyathelo phambili: YAK-42A

Ukuthuthukiswa komqondo we-Yak-42D kwakuzoba yi-Yak-42A. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwaqala ngo-1999. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli yangaphambilini ithuthukiswe:

• Umnyango wesobunxele;
• Uhlelo lwesimiso sokumangalisa;
• Ukuphakama kwe-APU (izinga elisha - 5 km);
• Uhlelo lokulungisa i-flap.

Umnyango ongakwesokunxele wanikeza abagibeli ukufinyelela ezinkundleni zamagagasi nezindlela zanamuhla zokushintshwa kwe-telescopic ezisungulwe cishe kuzo zonke izikhumulo zezindiza. Isimo esinqunyiwe se-flaps sithuthukise ukusebenza kwendiza. Ukubuyekezwa kokuhamba kwemishini kanye nemishini yokushayela kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa indiza emigwaqeni ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe.

Yak-42D: imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe

Indiza inezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Iphiko esikhathini esiyi-34.88 m;
• Umsila oqondile ungama-10.8 m;
• Ubude bemoto 36.38 m;
• Esikhathini sokuphakama kwe-lot of 9.83 m.

I-chassis ye-Yak-42D ibonakala ngamanani alandelayo:

• Landelela 5.63 m;
• Isizinda se-18 786 m.

Indiza ekulungiselelweni kwe-classical yenzelwe ukuhamba kwabagibeli abangu-120, i-VIP-version yendiza eyodwa ayisebenzi abangaphezu kuka-49 abantu.

Kusuka endizeni kuya esiteshini sesimo sezulu

Yak-42D - umshini we serial, ovivinywa isikhathi. Lokhu kwakusekelwe ekukhethweni kwabadwebi, okwakhiwa umsebenzi wokwenza isiteshi sezulu esakwazi ukuqoqa idatha ngesimo sezulu ngamaphuzu ahlukene emkhathini. Ukuvuselelwa kwemoto yabagibeli kubandakanye nabasebenzi besitshalo. I-Myasishchev.

Umsebenzi wawufuna ukususwa kwezinzwa ebusweni bendiza, enikezwe ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa. Ukuze indiza imelane nazo zonke izithiyo zokucwaninga, kwakudingeka ukuqedela ama-pylons ayisithupha emaphikweni. I-fuselage yayihlanganiswe nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, amadivayisi wokufunda ulwazi mayelana nemvelo. Iningi lazo lisetshenziselwa umsebenzi we-lidar, kulinganisa ukuthi umoya ubala kangakanani.

Isisindo esiphelele se-laboratory flying flying Ethimbeni kune-opharetha, iphephandaba eliholayo futhi ebhala lokho okungahlukaniswa ngombono wesintu: izenzakalo zasemkhathini, izici zendawo ezungezile. Insimu yokubukwa yanda ngamabhaltri we-plexiglas. Abaqambi bakhiwe kuzo zombili. Ukubeka ikhanda lakhe ku-blister, ungabona konke okwenzekayo emotweni.

Kubonakala sengathi kungani wenze isiteshi sezulu se-Yak-42D? Yonke idatha ingatholakala kwi-satellite, ingabe kuyadingeka ngempela? Kodwa ama-satellite ahamba ngokuqondile eduze kwe-orbit enikeziwe, ngesivinini esiphezulu, kude kakhulu ukusuka emhlabeni. Kodwa indiza ingaphezu kwesayithi ethile, ilawula umoya. Idatha evela ku-satellite kufanele ihlolwe ngaphezu kwalokho, kodwa indiza ikuvumela ukuba uthole ulwazi olunembile. Lezi zinzuzo ezibalulekile ziye zaba namandla ekuthuthukiseni isiteshi sesimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele. Ekugcineni, indiza ifakwe uhlelo lokukhululwa kwesiliva se-iod emvelweni, okuvusa imvula.