Imikhiqizo ye-Intel: i-chipsets. Ukubuka konke, incazelo, izici, uchungechunge nokubuyekezwa

Kulesi sihloko, i-Intel chipsets ekhishwe yi-Intel izoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe futhi ichazwe Kulezi zizukulwane zakamuva zeprosesa zalesi sakhi. Futhi, izincomo zonikezwa mayelana nokukhethwa kwelogi yebhodi lebhodi lapho kuhlanganiswa uhlelo olusha lwekhompyutha.

Iyini "i-chipset"?

Igama elithi "chipset" lifihla isethi yamapipi, afakwe ebhodini le-motherboard. Ixhuma izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesistimu yekhompyutha. Igama lesibili yi-logic yesistimu. Njengomthetho, unamathele esikhwameni esithile, okungukuthi, isixhumi seprosesa. Kulesi sihloko, izixazululo ezifanele kakhulu ezisuka ku-Intel, ezingasatholakala ekuthengisweni, zizocatshangelwa.

"Sandy Bridge" kanye ne-chipsets yochungechunge lwesithupha

I-Intel chipset "ye-intel" yasendulo, engasatholakala emakethe namuhla, yilolu chungechunge lwesithupha. Ukumenyezelwa kwazo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-2011, futhi ungakwazi ukufaka noma iyiphi i-CPU yemindeni yaseSandy Bridge ne-Ivy Bridge. Uma ufaka i-CPU yomndeni wesibili, kungadingeka ubuyekeze i-BIOS. Zonke lezi chips zifakwe esikhwameni 1155 futhi zazivame ukuhlonywa ngekhambi elihlanganisiwe lehluzo. Esinye isici esibalulekile salesi sikhulumi sasiyi-chip eyodwa kuphela - "i-South Bridge". Kodwa "ibhuloho elisenyakatho" lahlanganiswa ku-processor. Okungabizi kakhulu phakathi kwabo kwakuyi-chipset ye- Intel H61. Wavumela ukudala izinhlelo ezingabizi zehhovisi. Futhi ngesisekelo sayo kwakungenzeka ukwenza i-PC enhle yokutadisha. Kodwa izinqwaba "Kor Ai5" noma "Kor Ai7" ne "H61" zibukeka zingenangqondo. Kuyinto engafanele ukufaka inqubo ephezulu yokusebenza ngokusebenza okungavamile ku-motherboard MiniATX. Le chipset yenza kube lula ukufaka amamojula wamabili angu-RAM kuphela, afakwe isakhiwo esisodwa se-PCI-Express 16x v2.0 ngokufaka i-speed accelerator yangaphandle futhi enezingxenye ezingu-10 ze-USB 3.0 namaports angu-4 we-SATA wokuxhuma amashayela asebenzayo noma i-disk drive disk.

Ingxenye ephakathi yayine-Q65, B65, Q67 (lezi ziphasethi azizange zisekele i-Ivy Bridge chips). Umehluko phakathi kwabo no-H61 kwakuyi-number of slots ye-RAM (kulesi simo kwakukhona okungenani 4 esikhundleni se-2) namaports okushayela (5 vs. 4). Okokuqala, okhiqiza kakhulu kwakuyi-H67 no-P67. Owokuqala usekela ividiyo edidiyelwe, kodwa wayene-slot eyodwa kuphela yokufaka i-graph exelerator yangaphandle. Owesibili wawuhloswe kuphela ekusebenziseni amakhadi wevidiyo wangaphandle (kwakunezintambo ezimbili zalezi zinhloso), kodwa i-accelerator eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwebhodi lamabhodi ayizange isebenze. Kanti, izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-Z68 zihlangene izici ezinhle kakhulu ze-H67 no-P67. Le chipset ingabhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu kule platform.

Ivy Bridge namabhodi wamabhodi kubo

Isizukulwane esisha se-CPU "Ivi Bridge" safika ngonyaka ka-2012 ukuze sithathe indawo ye "Sandy Bridge". Kwakungekho umehluko wamakhadikhadi phakathi kwalezi zizukulwane ze-chips. Into eye yashintsha kakhulu inqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Isizukulwane sangaphambilini seprosesa sakhiwa besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-32nm, futhi isizukulwane esisha sakhiwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo ezingu-22nm. I-socket yalezi chips yayifanayo - 1155. Izinqubo zokungena ezingeni kulezi zinkampani zisekelwe ku-chipset ye-Intel N61, esekela ngokuphelele izizukulwane zezimboni ze-semiconductor. Kodwa izingxenye ezijwayelekile nama-premium kulokhu zishintshile kakhulu. Nakuba izici ze-Intel chipsets Uchungechunge olulinganiselwa ku-7 lubonisa ukuthi befana nalabo ababengaphambi kwabo. Izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu phakathi nalesi simo zihlanganisa B75, Q75, Q77 no-H77. Bonke babenemishini yokufaka i-slot 1 yekhadi levidyo futhi banezintambo ezine zokufaka i-RAM. Imingcele enesizotha kakhulu yezindiza ze-B75: 5 ze-SATA 2.0 ne-port ye-SATA 3.0 ye-subsystem ye-disk nama-port angama-USB angu-2.0 namase-4 e-USB 3.0. Ngendlela, zonke i-chipsets zezingchungechunge ezingu-7 ziyizinombolo ezinjalo ze-USB 3.0 futhi zingaziqhayisa. I-Q75 ihluke ku-B75 kuphela ngenani lamapayipi we-USB 2.0, okuyilokhu okwamanje kakade ayishumi kune-8. H77 no-Q77, ngokungafani ne-Q75 no-B75, ingaziqhenya ngokuba namachweba amabili e-SATA 3.0. Ingxenye ye-premium kulokhu iboniswe ngu-Z75 no-Z77. Uma ama-chipsets amane adlule avunyelwe ukuvala ngaphezulu i-CPU ne-speed accelerator, khona-ke lezi zimbini ezimbili ze-semiconductor zingase zandise imvamisa ye-RAM. Futhi kulokhu, inani lezintambo zekhadi levidiyo likhuphukile. Ezisombululo ezisekelwe ku-Z75, zazikhona ezimbili zazo, naku-Z77 - 3.

"Haswell", "Haswell Refresh" ne-logic yayo yesistimu

Ngo-2013, isikhwama esingu- 1150 sithathwe esikhundleni sika-1150. Abacubungula abazange baqalise noma yiziphi izinguquko eziguquguqukayo. Okuhlukile kulokhu kwakuwukuphela kokusetshenziswa kwamandla we-chips, okukulo mndeni we-CPUs owavuselelwa kakhulu futhi lokhu kwavunyelwa ukunciphisa kakhulu iphakheji elishisayo lama-crystal semiconductor ngaphandle kokushintsha inqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Ngaphansi kwesixhumi esisha, kukhishwe amasethi amasha wesistimu yesistimu. Amapharamitha abo afana kakhulu nesizukulwane sangaphambilini sesichungechunge se-7. Kukhona ama-chipset angu-6: H81, B85, Q85, Q87, P87 no-Z87. I-modest kakhulu ngokwemigomo yemigomo yayiyi-H81. Inemikhumbi engu-2 kuphela ye-RAM, amabhulogi angu-2 SATA 3.0, amabhulogi angu-2 SATA 2.0 kanye ne-slot 1 yekhadi levidyo. Futhi, inani lamachibi i-USB 2.0 ne-3.0, ngokulandelana, lilingana no-8 no-2. Amamabhodi wamamayela asekelwe kule setethi yelogi yesistimu, njengombuso, ama-chips afakwe "Celeron" ne "Pentium". I-Intel B85 chipset evela eH81 yayihlukaniswa nenani elikhulayo le-RAM slots (kakade kwase kuvele 4), amachwebeni e-USB 3.0 kanye namachweba e-SATA 3.0 (4 kuzo zombili izimo vs. 2). I-Q85, uma iqhathaniswa ne-B85, iqhayisa kuphela ama-port angama-USB engu-2.0 kuphela. Lezi zi-chipsets ezimbili zivame ukusetshenziselwa ngokuhlanganyela ne-chips "Kor Ai3". Izici ze-Q87, P87 no-Z87 zifana. Zinemikhawulo engu-4, 8 amachwebeni e-USB 2.0, ama-port angu-6 e-USB 3.0 nezindawo ezingu-6 ze-SATA 3.0. I-Chipsets Q87 ne-R87 yayingcono kakhulu ku- "Kor Ai5" naku- "" "" "" "" "" "" "Ai7" enezivinini ezivinjiwe. Kodwa i-Z87 yayigxile kuma-chips ene-"K", okusho ukuthi amasistimu ekhompyutheni ayakhelwe ukugqekeza i-CPU.

"Broadwell" ne-chipsets

Ngo-2014, isizukulwane "se-Haswell" sishintshwa yi-chips ezintsha, ebizwa ngokuthi "Broadwell". Zakhiwa ngokusho kwenqubo entsha yezobuchwepheshe ezingu-14 nm futhi azihambisani ngokugcwele namasethi angu-8 ochungechunge. Abaphenyi ngokwabo bakhululwa kancane futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwakungekho ukubuyekezwa okuqondile kwe-chipsets. Bakhululiwe kuphela 2 - H97 noZ97. Iyokuqala yayihloselwe i-CPU ene-multiplier evinjiwe futhi iphinda iphindwe ngokuphindaphindiwe nemingcele ye-P87. I-chipset ye-Intel Z97 yayiyikhophi eqondile ye-Z87, kodwa isekela abaproseshi "Kor" wesizukulwane sesi-5. Ngendlela, ema-motherboards ofanayo ungafaka kanye nezinhlamvu ze-4th generation, okungukuthi, "Haswell".

Logic yesistimu ye "Skylight"

Ingqikithi yamaqoqo ama-logic wesistimu angu-5 athunyelwe ngesizukulwane sakamuva se-CPU, ebizwa ngekhodi "Skylayk": H110, B150, H170, Q170 Z170. Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-chipsets we-8th kanye no-100th uchungechunge kubonisa ngokucacile ukumiswa kwalokhu okulandelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imingcele yezobuchwepheshe ifana ngokufanayo. Eyokuqala yalezi - H110 - iklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuhlelo lwesabelomali kanye nekhomishini yehhovisi, kanye ne "Celerons" ne "Pentiums". I-B170 ne-H170 iqondiswe ku- "Cor Ai3", "Cor Ai5" ne "Cor Ay7" eneziphangi ezivinjiwe. Kuhle nge-multiplier abavuliwe "Kor Ai5" ne "Kor Ai7" (okungukuthi, i-CPU ne-"K" index) kulungile kakhulu ukufaka kuma-motherboards okusekelwe ku-Z170. Kukhona umehluko owodwa obalulekile kulo mndeni wama-chipsets, okusekela uhlobo olusha lwe-RAM - DDR4. Kodwa zonke izinguqulo zangaphambili ze-logics zesistimu zalesi sakhi zisekela i-DDR3 kuphela.

Futhi yini elandelayo?

Umjikelezo wokuphila we-100th uchungechunge lwe-Intel chipsets Qala nje. Lezi zinqumo zizosebenza iminyaka emibili. Futhi inqubo yokushintshwa esikhathini esizayo ngeke ibe esheshayo. Kodwa, kunoma yikuphi, abamukeli bayo bazoba nokuhlukana okufanayo kube yizicucu. Ngisho nezinkomba zazo zizofana.

Izixazululo zabathandekayo

Ngokwehlukana, kubalulekile ukucabangela isethi yesistimu yesistimu yabathandekayo abavela ku-Intel. Amapulatifomu we-Chipset 2011 ahlukile kuzo zonke ezichazwe ngaphambili. Okokuqala kulawa kwakungu-X79. Wavumela ukufaka ama-chips akhiqiza kunazo zonke emindenini ye-Sandy Bridge ne-Ivy Bridge. Washintshwa ngo-2014 ngu-X99, okwakungenhloso yokufaka izixazululo "Haswell". Phakathi kokunye ukungafani, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukusekelwa kokugcina kwe-RAM yesilinganiso se-DDR 4, kuyilapho i-X79 ingasebenza kuphela ne-DDR 3. Futhi laba prosesa, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chips echazwe ngaphambilini, bangase baziqhayise ngomlawuli wezinkumbulo ezikhulisiwe (amashaneli amane) kanye nenani elikhulayo lamamojula wokucubungula (Izixazululo ezakhiqiza kakhulu zihlanganisa amayunithi angu-8 anjalo).

Izincomo zokukhetha i-motherboard

I-motherboard chipset ye-Intel isakazwa ngokucacile phakathi kwe-niches. Kunconywa ukwakha izixazululo ezincane ezikhiqizayo ezisekelwe ku-H81 ne-H110. I-PC enenzuzo kakhulu yabathandi bekhompiyutha kungcono ukuqoqa ngesisekelo seZ87, Z97 neZ170. Ama-chipsets asele ahloselwe amasistimu ekhompuyutha aphansi. Ukusebenza kwabo kwanele nje eminyakeni engama-2-3 ezayo nekhanda, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ukwehlisa ngokweqile kunciphisa. Yebo, izibuyekezo zakamuva ze-BIOS zikhombisa ukuthi lelo thuba ngeke litholakale maduzane. Umkhiqizi walo we-chipsets uzivimbela ngokwawo. Kusukela esikhundleni sezinto ezintsha, kungcono ukhethe izixazululo zezinchungechunge eziyikhulu, manje eziqala ukubonakala kuphela ngenhla emashalofini ezitolo. Kodwa esimweni sokulondolozwa kwesabelomali kuzodingeka uthenge amabhodi amamodeli angama-80 angabizi.

Imiphumela

Kule ngqungquthela, i-Intel Corporation yakhishwa ngokuningiliziwe ngemigqa yesistimu yesistimu ekhishwe kusukela ngo-2011. Ama-chipset, lokhu kubuyekezwa okukhulu kwe-semiconductor cishe njalo ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, isizukulwane ngasinye se-CPUs sidinga ukuthengwa kwebhodi lomama elibuyekeziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwandisa izindleko ze-PC, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi kuvumela ukuthuthukisa njalo izici zayo.