Islam: isiko, ubungcweti, izincwadi, amasiko

Inkolo kunani nonke emhlabeni - Islam. Isiko labantu abathi ke, usemahlombe inkolelo yokuthi munye uNkulunkulu, u-Allah, nokuhlonipha inkumbulo ezizukulwane ezingaphambili. Ingqikithi Islam - ekulondolozeni okungcono emagugu emasiko wawoyise futhi eyingqopha njalo ku eziyimiyalo Mohammed ngobunyoninco.

Islam kusisiza ukuba silondoloze amasiko kazwelonke namasiko

Usiko Islam amazwe ndawonye ukukhombisa izici kazwelonke Amaqembu ezizwe ukholo Allah. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile ngemisebenzi izincwadi nezobuciko abamele abantu, ukwamukela Islam. Zonke impumelelo bamasiko amaSulumane e ngandlela-thile kuhlotshaniswe nenkolo. Akukho omunye wemisebenzi oluvelele bokwakha noma izincwadi, kwakungeke angakhazinyuliswa Allah umprofethi wakhe uMohammed.

ngempucuko yesimanje Islamic ingabe balahle umlando walo ayizami kabusha ke, ethula esidlule ngendlela ekhangayo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ukuthi kukhona inkolo inikezwe. isiko Islamic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akukashintshi. Kungenziwa kanjani lokhu wachaza? Ngo yethu zinhlekelele emhlabeni, ezithinta futhi wabhubhisa ezihlukahlukene emphakathini kanye nezindawo emnothweni zenzeka cishe njalo ngonyaka, futhi izizukulwane zabantu ziyashintsha njalo ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, uma kungekhona ukuthi sisebenza kakhulu ngokuvamile. Ukuxhumana izimpande elahlekile, amasiko ukhohliwe futhi bafe. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuba agcine ubuntu zawo yamaSulumane, kubalulekile ukuba bajwayelane namasiko azo, ezihlanganisa izincwadi, izakhiwo kanye namasiko ezizwe.

Umsuka bamasiko amaSulumane

Islam kule minyaka eyikhulu-lingalingani ezingaphansi kuka ubuKristu. Ngonyaka 610, indoda egama layo Mohammed uye uvele wabona isimangaliso. WayeyiZwi Gabriel ingelosi eyinhloko (Gabriel) futhi wavula umqulu nge the sura kuqala. Lesi sehlakalo ingxenye enkulu ngamaholide Islamic futhi ubizwa ngokuthi Laylat al-Qadr. Ingelosi High wavakashela Prophet phezu engamashumi amabili nambili esilandelayo. Engazi ukuthi wayezobathola kanjani ukufunda nokubhala Muhammad ngokuyisimangaliso ayeyifunda imibhalo saphezulu ngekhanda bese hlabelela wezwa abangani bakho nalabo eqoshiwe. Angel Mohammed okuphindaphindiwe zonke izigijimi zaphezulu equkethe iBhayibheli, okungukuthi, imiqulu Adamu Testament Abrahama, Torah AmaHubo Vangeli watshela Umlayezo omusha. Wathi lo zokugcina Divine Revelation - Nkulunkulu ngeke isathumela abantu nabaprofethi babo. Manje wonke umuntu uyokufa njengoba ukuzumeka, bese uphinda uvela njengoba wake up ke ngokushesha uthola on inkantolo likaNkulunkulu, lapho kuyonqunywa umphumela - ezulwini okuphakade noma esihogweni laphakade.

Ukuze ukuguqukela Islam, kwanele ukuba ngimemezele yena njengoba bekholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, kanye lokuthi Muhammad lo mprofethi wokugcina. Phambi kwakhe kwaba Musa (Mose), Isa (uJesu), kanye nabanye abamagama zigcinwa emiBhalweni. Ukuphika ungowaphezulu Mohammed - konke okufanayo ukuthi ubuKristu kusukela Kristu nabaprofethi iTestamente Elidala.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, izikhonzi obuKristu uqhubeke ukulinda Ukuza wesibili kaJesu futhi baphike ungowaphezulu Mohammed. Kule ndaba, sikhumbula ukuthi zibona F. M. Dostoevskogo, lapho ubhala ngekusasa edabukisayo Kristu, lapho uJesu uyobuya futhi abantu. Islam kuthatha umprofethi weqiniso Isaya futhi ekholelwa ukuthi izimfundiso zakhe ngokuyinhloko kusontekile esetshenziswa eBandla kaKristu akuyona ukuze kuzuze abantu futhi ukwenza izenzo eziningi kangaka abangamhloniphi uNkulunkulu. Leli yiqiniso - umKristu LiVangeli yakopishwa izikhathi eziningi, ehunyushelwe ezilimini ezahlukene, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, njalo zishintshe. Ngenxa yalokho, kombhalo wanamuhla kunzima ongakulindela nokwethenjelwa kokuqala. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngendlela iqiniso egcwele Kristu yiyona nto enhle kakhulu - iwukufunda Arabhu futhi ukufunda iKoran.

Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Islam, hhayi konke ngokuphelele bushelelezi. Izwe Islamic, ngeshwa, aluphelele. Dissociation phakathi amaSulumane uthanda dissociation phakathi abamele lwanoma iyiphi inkolo emhlabeni. imisinga eziningi eziyinhloko Islam - a Sunni, Shiites futhi Kharijites. Kokungezwani kwabo wabonakaliswa ukuqala Islam futhi lokhu kwaphumela ekwaziweni okulandelayo: kuqala, Sunnis, ngokungenamibandela wamukela umbhalo yesAmbulo, eyabhalwa ngenye ye Mohammed Zaid Ibn Sabit (lombhalo zibhekwa); Okwesibili, Shiites waphikelela ngokuthi Halif Osman usisusile kusukela olwamukelwe letikhetfwe etheksthini lephelele; owesithathu, Kharijites, wayekholelwa ukuthi sura 12 kufanele kususwe, njengoba kuyintando incazelo engenangqondo kakhulu ukuthi umka-UPotifari izicukuthwane zaseGibhithe eyenga uJosefa.

ileja amaSulumane

Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene enemininingwane isikuqinisekisile iqiniso the Qur'an kule ncwadi njengoba isambulo esivela kuNkulunkulu, noma njengoba ibizwa nge amaSulumane, u-Allah.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, amanye ulwazi mayelana yomuntu yesimanje kanye nomphakathi, unikezwa Quran, isikhathi eside kwakungafanele ecacile ukufunda. incazelo yabo kwaba sobala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngo Qur'an, kwathiwa Kulindeleke by ezinye zatholakala ngokwesayensi ukuthi ngenzé kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Abacwaningi bangase baphikise ngokuthi ulwazi oluqukethwe kule ncwadi, izikhathi eziningi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ezingeni lolwazi, elalisendlini neminyaka khona ukuloba kwakhe.

Yonke imibhalo Islamic kuboshelwe Qur'an, ugcwele izinkomba imibhalo engcwele. Thina baseYurophu bengamaKristu, bayaqonda a bigot noma umuntu umzenzisi ezishiwo ingxoxo ivangeli, futhi indaba lalobhalako, okusikhumbuza mzekeliso Gospel, cabanga ukusebenzisa umqondo womunye. Hhayi ngengozi, uJesu wathi leyo mfundiso yakhe siphazamisekile futhi abantu ukuletha ukwahlukana futhi waphathwa ngesihluku, igama lakhe kuzoba ukwenza okubi, futhi ibandla lika Krestu usekelwe umphostoli owayemazi ngesikhathi ukuphila sezikhathi uMsindisi ezintathu lokumkhaphela. Islam -. Inkolo, luhlanganisa abantu, kanye IKoran umthetho eziyisisekelo ezweni yaceba futhi yachuma ezifana afana Saudi Arabia, kuzo zonke Emirates ka ePersian Gulf, kanye Libya, Pakistan, Iran, e-Iraq, Sudan nabanye kwezinkambiso Zokuziphatha ezikulo walingcwelisa Allah, kuzo zonke ukungakhethi, ukuhlakanipha namandla nethonya on abantu Sinemandla ngaphandle nemithetho imithethosisekelo wokuziphilisa. Lona abameli isiphetho ithuba qhathanisa ukusebenza kwalo mthetho Islamic States nge isimo eyayiqhutshwa kwamanye amazwe.

Night Amandla. Eid al-Fitr

Zonke ngamaholide Islamic zihlobene inkolo. Night Amandla isenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni zamaMuslim, lapho ingelosi eyinhloko Gabriel phendla Muhammad umqulu wokuqala. It kugujwa lo mcimbi ebusuku 27 Ramadan. Phakathi Ezinsukwini eziyishumi ezalandela, amaSulumane ukuthandaza kunazo ngobuqotho, ecela uNkulunkulu ukuba uyakhulula. Post, ngokuthi Ramadan, luphela iholide elikhulu - Eid al-Adha, uma kholwa xhawula each nye generously omnikeza izipho nemali abaswele. Ramadan senzeka ezinyangeni zasehlobo.

Umhlatshelo. Eid al-Adha

Eyesibili ezibalulekile iholide Muslim ixhunyiwe kanye nomhlatshelo Ibrahim. It lugujwa emva kwezinsuku 70 emva Eid al-Adha. Ngalolu suku, amaSulumane bayajabula ngokuthi Allah Ibrahim ebonisa amandla ukholo lwabo nokuzithoba okuphelele entandweni yaKhe. Allah wamukela ukuthobeka nokwethembeka kwakhe uyekwa umhlatshelo womuntu futhi ngibusisekile ngokuba lapho kuzalwa indodana yakhe. Le ndaba, eTestamenteni Elidala, okufakazela ukuthi kukhona ukuhlobana phakathi izenzo ensimini ka Russia kwalezi zinkolo ezimbili eziyinhloko emhlabeni, okuyikhona ubuKristu nobuSulumane. Isiko kwalezi zinkolo ezimbili Kuthi akufane, lubonakale ikakhulukazi maqondana abathwali ukholo amagugu nokuziphatha, kanye izinqubo setepolitiki ezenzekayo ezweni nasemazweni aphesheya.

ulimi Arabic - umculo eqoshiwe iskripthi

Ngokungafani beBhayibheli uChristian, iKoran limelela angaphezu, okuyinto umbhalo engashintshwa kusukela ngokubhala kuqala. Ulimi Arabhu kungenzeka ngisho kudingeka sitadishe imiBhalo. Lokhu kwenziwa emhlabeni wonke. Lokho Islam - inkolo namasiko e asikwazi bahlukana. Fine, stringy, emphinjeni kanye ulimi zomculo kakhulu sengathi Imvelo uqobo lwayo sidalwe ukufunda imithandazo. Akafuni uhlanekezelwe Americanisms noma ezinye Newspeak. ligature Slim futhi ngomusa izinhlamvu Arabhu, okuningi okufana imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi - umhlobiso omuhle ngoba ingaphakathi. Image of izinhlamvu incwadi - manje art eziphilayo calligraphy, okungaba yokuziqhenya ngayo Islam. Injwayelo yokufuna ukuba amazwe aseYurophu njalo ngonyaka kuba jikelele ngaphezulu, hhayi ukusho bakudala - ezikoleni zamabanga kudala waqeda iwashi sokushona wesandla, ukudweba kanye Umdwebo naye wayilahla ayibalulekile. Futhi lokhu ngesikhathi lapho amazwe Arab, wonke tinhlaka temphakatsi bafundiswa ulimi lwabaningi babantu base-Koran. Ukufunda zamagama bomdabu, basuke egcinwe kanye nemithetho yezwe labo, okuyinto evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke. indlela umahluko usebenza kuphela lemali edingekayo ngeminikelo - abampofu sisayithola ngokugcwele kuzo, kuyilapho ocebile ukhokha kwemali engenayo. Lokhu sikubiza intela intuthuko futhi iphupho lokuthi ngelinye ilanga isimiso esinjalo izosebenza, futhi ezweni lethu.

Izinhlamvu Arabic 28 izinhlamvu ezahlukeneyo ezine ubhala ngasinye unkamisa, ngaphezu, izinhlamvu ngazinye atholakala. Kokuvamile enhle ukubukeka ligatures elisho amazwi ngabanye noma inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo umhlobiso izinto ezihlukahlukene.

Kuthiwa impucuko Islamic ngesinye wokukhipha yobuKristu. Kunzima ukuba ngiphikisane naye yini.

umehluko abahlukile bamasiko amaSulumane

Ezinye izici bamasiko amaSulumane kubonakale kungavamile hhayi okunengqondo ngokuphelele, kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi kunzima ukuqonda - akusho ezimbi. Kumayelana ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu kanye namasiko womshado, izindlela imizwa ezwakalisa, nokunye. D. Qur'an uthi bonke abantu bayalingana like amazinyo, futhi akukho mehluko phakathi i-Arabhiya naseNdiya non-Arab, mhlophe kumbe lube mnyama. Zonke - abesilisa nabesifazane, nabantu nezizwe - kumelwe balwele ukuqonda nomunye bese uzama ukwenza okuhle komunye nomunye.

Isiko Islamic bangaziqhayisa ezikhumbuzo omangalisayo bokwakha. It amathempeli, mausoleums, izigodlo, izinqaba, izindlu zokugeza, njll sici yabo ehlukile -. Amaphethini Ornate futhi usentekenteke imibhalo ohlotshisiwe, amahlamvu nezimbali. Zonke izakhiwo agcinwa spotlessly ahlanzekile. ngolimi lwabo, isiko, uhlanga, izinzuzo angaphatheki, futhi impahla amaSulumane nomuzwa wokuthi yenani, is zidlulele kubantu Allah ukuze alondeke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi Amanat. Futhi ukuthi kungani badumise ukunethezeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuma ubumsulwa Islam. Injwayelo yokufuna ukuba le nkolo zivalelise ubuhle wadala ngezandla zabantu ngenxa yenkazimulo Allah Akhe busiso.

Mosque - isakhiwo main ukholo Muslim. Lapha amakholwa akhulekele Allah. I amathempeli bathandaze ezivamile, funda ntshumayelo, ethembekileyo abuthele lapha ukubhekana nezindaba ezibalulekile. Amathempeli kuhlale kuyinto esikoleni lapho nalabo abafisa ukufunda isi-Arabhu.

I edume love story

Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka isiko Islamic, asinakulishalazela edumile Taj Mahal futhi umlando okuhlobene. Lokhu Mausoleum, noma esigodlweni-ethuneni, Sultan lakhiwa Mughal uMbusi Shah Jahan ikhumbule umkakhe Mumtaz Mahal ayemthanda uthando kwaphakade saphezulu. Inzalo Tamerlane, ezakhiwe kanye nezinye izikhungo, emangalisayo izinto umcabango okunethezeka esetshenziswa kanye yinkimbinkimbi design, shiya umbhali ulwazi kanye mlando sangekhulu le-17 Inayatullah Canby. Wayengumuntu nendumezulu ephelele iningi Mughal lwamakhosi, "Behar-e Danesh." Mayelana Shah Jahan kulotshiwe encwadini "Tarikh-e delgusha" umbusi, ufake mbuso omkhulu engcupheni yokuwa komnotho. Isizathu ayixhomekile kuphela ugwadule olukhulu okunethezeka, kodwa futhi amaningi ahluleka nomkhankaso wempi lapho Shah waya, ukuvikela induduzo ephelele. Kanye naye njalo wahamba amakhosikazi akhe amaningi nezancinza zayo. Akubona bonke abesifazane nezingane ebuya umkhankaso uyaphila. Mumtaz Mahal naye wafa ngesikhathi sokubeletha, uma behamba nomuntu ibutho. Kwaba umntanakhe 14 alabo akafelanga ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa. Wakhulelwa futhi wabeletha izingane njalo cishe njalo ngonyaka. sokukhulelwa njalo ezaba khona ngaphambi kufika isikhathi sokuthethwa kokuya esikhathini - uphawu lokuthi yowesifazane njengoba okumsulwa njengoba ngemabula kusuka lapho Mausoleum senziwa. Futhi ukufa ngesikhathi sokubeletha ubhekwa ukuzuzisa abesifazane uphawu yobungcwele. Ngo Islam, abesifazane zingahlukaniswa zibe ezihlambulukileyo nezingahlambulukile. Mumtaz Mahal kulo nokushada kwayo Shah lihlanzekile futhi wayeshone ngesikhathi sokubeletha, nalapho ayengavunyelwe bahlonishwe.

Taj Mahal

I Taj Mahal lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Lesi sigodlo awuve umuhle. usuku White, uma liphuma nalapho selishona, kuba pink, futhi ebusuku Moonlit kubonakala waphonsa isiliva. kukhanye Cold metal kubonakala amanzi echibi nemithombo. Esikhathini engekho i ukukhanyisa kagesi kudala umuzwa self-umthombo Ukubengezela womuntu ozalelwe ezindongeni abushelelezi isakhiwo. Lawa izindawo izinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile zemabula, yaletha esuka Rajasthan, elise amakhilomitha angamakhulu amathathu ukusuka kusayithi.

I Mausoleum ifaka izinto eziningana - shrine nge emathuneni Khan nomkakhe, amathempeli ezimbili futhi epaki nge echibini zemabula.

Taj Mahal inhlanganisela Indian, Persian futhi Arabhu izitayela lathumela. Wenziwe nge wesimethri ngokuphelele. abaklami Talented kuhlelwe ukuze uma zibhekwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene Palace kokuba imiphumela ezithakazelisayo optical.

Islam liyakwenqabela baveza izilwane nabantu. I mncane futhi usentekenteke amaphethini esehlanganise namatshe amhlophe, kukhona imidwebo izimbali namaqabunga, kanye ezikhishwe i-Koran.

Ukuze izindonga Ingaphakathi nengaphandle kanye izakhi okuhlobisa Wasebenzisa amatshe lulwimi eziyigugu kanye eziyigugu - oniksi, Malachite itherkhoyisi, jade, ne-agathe nabanye. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, izinhlobo 28 kuphela.

Indlu baqashwe abaculi abangaphezu kuka amabini anamahlanu amawaka kuzo zonke izingxenye zoMbuso Mughal. Inganekwane ethile ukuthi umklami ekupheleni umsebenzi izandla sinqunyiwe, ukuze akazange adale yini neliphelele kunalelo. Kungakhathaliseki lokhu kuyiqiniso noma cha kunzima ukusho. Uma ucabanga ngakho, ukwakhiwa Taj Mahal ephelezelwa ezifana nezindleko impahla okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi lokhu ngokumelene okwenza indlala, okuyinto cishe njalo ngonyaka sibulala izigidi amaNdiya, bese ucoca ngaloko lokwentiwa kungenzeka enza enobudlova Khan noma cha, akwenzi mqondo. Lokho kukhona eyodwa kuphela indaba wayibulala yonke izihlobo ababemi eya amandla ophakeme. Nokho, lapho umuntu eguga, yena wagudluzwa livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Enye yamadodana akhe ukuya endleleni kuyise ngokubulala bonke abafowabo Lihlehliselwe umhla ka ukuboshwa Khan Jahan.

Taj Mahal kuyafana engcwabeni Umkhulu Khan Jahan sika - kombusi Humayun, okuyinto 1570 eyakhelwe umfelokazi mbusi.

Okwamanje, i-Taj Mahal ingenye izimangaliso zomhlaba futhi ivikelwe UNESCO, kodwa isikhathi esibi izinguquko izimo zezulu silengise eziyinkimbinkimbi esigodlweni ngaphansi usongo yembubhiso. Marble ilahlekelwa mhlophe isisekelo sags - imifantu.

Ukuhlanganiswa bamasiko amaSulumane emazweni non-Muslim

Kuze kube manje, wonke umhlaba Islamic sandile zonke amazwekazi Zomhlaba. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubuqiniso imiBhalo, lapho uthi Mohammed wafika Earth ukuze ugcine wonke amadoda ngaphandle ukwehlukana ubuzwe nenkolo, ngesikhathi uMose - kuphela amaJuda, kodwa uKristu - kwabezizwe. Kuze kube manje, amaSulumane bazibheke ingxenye yesine ka inani labantu emhlabeni, futhi nenombolo yabo ikhula. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani inqubo kungenxa ukuthuthelwa zabantu abavela emazweni angu-South Asian. Nge elifanayo, uma kungekhona ngokushesha, isiko Islamic onqobayo-US, kodwa hhayi ngezithukuthuku kuthuthwa - abantu abaningi bendawo abangaphezu beze ethempelini lamaSulumane ukuze ucele nesibusiso Muftis, befuna ukuba bazinikele ngokuzithandela ukuyokwakha ukujoyina ukholo ngendlela efanele. Modern Islam - inkolo ukuthula nomusa. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi abanye abameleli bayo ngamabomu noma singahlosile yayenza isithunzi phezu inkolo futhi abantu ababenzayo. Akulungile. Ukuze ngezinye izimo lapho abathintekayo iqembu elincane labantu, ungenalo ukuphendula yonke amaSulumane. Lokhu kuyafana nokwenzeka kumaKristu asolwe Zokholo olunegazi futhi Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi, okwenzeka ngo Ephakathi, lapho Islam, ngasendleleni, isanda kusungulwa.