Mycology - ke ukuthi isayensi?

Ukuphila Emhlabeni imelelwa inqwaba zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ukuthi makhulu ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi izimo ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye nemvelaphi yazo. Kodwa kukhona izidalwa ngakho ngokungafani amafomu ethu ezivamile zokuphila ukuthi ngeke kukhonjwe izitshalo noma izilwane. Lezi emangalisayo, efana kufika kithi evela komunye eziphilayo iplanethi okuthiwa isikhunta. Mycology - isayensi study kubo. Mycologists gcogca ubuye uhlelembise lwati ngezinhlobo ezahlukene amakhowe, okuyinto okwamanje ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. It is kuphela aziwa zinhlobo isayensi, kukhona umbono wokuthi empeleni ezihlukahlukene zamakhowe kufanele isiko ubanzi kakhulu, futhi ulwazi lwamanje ngazo - kuphela iconsi olwandle.

bamakoloni ikuyo yonke indawo

Uma ucabanga ukuthi amakhowe - lokhu ezikude zasehlathini, ngezinye izikhathi amila emzini, khona-ke kukhona okungalungile. Emoyeni yayigcwala ezinhlamvu fungal, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. La magciwane akuyo yonke indawo, bona ezisizungezile yonke indawo, kodwa ukuba khona kwabo akulula ukuqaphela. Ngemva ukhunta - ngokwaso mycelium, imizimba fruiting hhayi, njengoba abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe.

imizimba fruiting kudingeka ukusakaza isiko mushroom, ngakho ubungako bawo futhi ukuma kuyinto ukwehluka okukhulu, okubonisa zinekhono elimangalisayo eziphilayo ukuzivumelanisa ngokweyame kunoma yimiphi imibandela.

izinyathelo kuqala

Indlela abasafufusa kungaba mycelium entsha? Konke kuqala nge ezinhlamvu ezincane ezingabonakali abahlakazekile umoya noma izilwane. Ziyakwazi eside ngokwanele ukuba isimo banyamalala kwaze zikhona izimo ezivuna ukuhluma. Khona-ke, i-agumenti ngamunye uqala ukukhiqiza sesigcilikisha, kamuva zakha mycelium. Lokhu kudinga substrate, okungukuthi, isangoma izakhi ezifanele uhlobo oluthile isikhunta. Njengoba substrate enidla, le mycelium likhula, ukufunda endaweni bayanda, le mycelium ubudala kancane kancane uyafa. Ezinye izinto zingase engaphezu kweyodwa obuphelele ikhilomitha. Lokhu kwenza amakhowe abaphilayo into ngobukhulu Emhlabeni.

fruiting

Mycelium, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unamandla kangakanani kungaba, ngete takhula unomphela. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esithile, ukhiqiza fruiting umzimba nge ezinhlamvu ukuthi ezokwenzela isikhunta entsha. Mycology uyafundelwa zonke izigaba zokukhula zalezi zinto ezimangalisayo. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi isayensi, siyazi kangaka ngalezi zidalwa amazing. Ngakho, mycologists cwaningo kwasenza sakwazi ukucacisa lapho izimo ezifanele, i-mycelium iqala ukuthela izithelo, izithelo ngaphandle komzimba.

Fruiting imizimba isikhunta sina kuhluke kokubili umumo kanye nosayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwazi nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu ngisho phakathi kwamalungu zohlobo olulodwa kuye ngokuthi izimo ezikhulayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho umzimba izithelo bakheké ngokuphelele, cap mushroom ivuleka, ukukhulula ezinhlamvu ezincane emoyeni, ngamunye okungase abe mycelium entsha.

mushroom ezihlukahlukene

Mycology - kuyinto isayensi ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, kodwa idatha eqoqwe adepts yayo abazikhandlayo umane siyakhazimula. It kuvela ukuthi la magciwane ukubamba ezihlukahlukene substrates. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo isikhunta zikhule kahle kwi izidumbu zezilwane noma indle yawo. Abanye bathanda ukudla imifino, futhi ezinye izinhlobo izilwane ezidla ezinye nhlobo.

Lesi sakamuva emhlabathini futhi zisizakala ngezinyamazane worm lenyama ebizwa nematodes. Bakha indandatho elincane mycelium, okuyinto ngokuphephile fixed isisulu lapho ewela komunye wale izindandatho. Kukhona futhi amakhowe, uthanda ukudla ngesimo izinambuzane. Bona ngokoqobo uyoshwabadela izinambuzane ngeshwa eziphila ngaphakathi, ukuze ngalesosikhathi juba izingxabano umzimba ezingenalutho isisulu sakhe. Kukhona amacala mpi ngokumelene Colorado amazambane bhungane by isikhunta predacious.

isikhunta ezincane

Yiqiniso, kunzima ukuba ukuqaphela ezinkulu, amakhowe ngokubabazekayo, ngeqholo ezinde ngaphezu komhlabathi. Nokho, eziningi zezinto eziphilayo anosayizi kakhulu nesizotha more. Wonke umuntu ejwayelene isikhunta kanye nabanye abameleli ezincanyana mushroom umbuso. Lezi bamakoloni ezincane ungalokothi uphuthelwe ithuba yabo. Uma ezinhlamvu iwele substrate efanelekayo, ngokushesha uqala inqubo overgrowing.

Kodwa impikiswano elisizungezile yonke indawo, ngisho e-Antarctica, emoyeni iqukethe inani elithile kuzo. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ezincane isikhunta mycology wezokwelapha. Njengoba yaziwa, i-penicillin kuqala-antibiotic etholwe ngenxa amakhowe amancane, kanye imithi elwa namagciwane amaningi okwalandela nezidakamizwa. Kuphela eminyakeni yamuva, ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi komzimba futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, saqala ukwakha zokwenziwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane.

Isicelo endaweni yokudla

Amakhowe angaba umhlobiso nganoma yisiphi etafuleni. Ngisho gourmets eyindida kunazo bayakwazisa imizimba fruiting isikhunta ukuze ekhethekile zabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi musa bumnandi. A ezihlukahlukene omkhulu eziphilayo ivula ububanzi ububanzi ngobuciko Culinary. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa isikhunta embonini ukudla akugcini banal ukudla imizimba yabo fruiting.

Isimanga siwukuthi iningi imikhiqizo olunikezwa ezinkulu ziqukethe isikhunta. Ngokwesibonelo, ingasaphathwa imvubelo - omunye izithako ethandwa kakhulu embonini yezokudla. Ngisho zezithelo aqukethe ethile isikhunta ngesibonakhulu, uma isembozo has eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "bleached." Ngakho singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi la magciwane nimi kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezimpilweni zethu, hhayi uyakuhlupha ukwazisa iningi lethu. Ngakho-ke mycology - lokhu ingenye amagatsha ezibaluleke kakhulu isayensi yanamuhla ukuthi zinganikeza izwe namanje eziningi eziye zatholwa emangalisayo.

Industrial ukulima

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi uma amakhowe enenzuzo kakhulu kubantu, kungani ayibi kubo yonke indawo? Kodwa akubona bonke ngakho elula. Iningi amakhowe uyenqaba ezimila amakhowe amapulazi. Iqiniso liwukuthi e imvelo, la magciwane abe mass of ubudlelwano iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana, ngaphandle okuyinto babengeke baphile akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, townsfolk kufanele ulandele noma evamile oyster amakhowe yebo. Labo ukuthi uyoyithola ezihlukahlukene ngaphezulu, kufanele bangene ehlathini futhi iqoqe ngokwakho esiphundu mushroom izithelo.

Nokho, ngisho nalabo isikhunta obungase bukhule in zokugcina, sikhule ngelula. Iqiniso lokuthi izwe mushroom ugcwele mncintiswano - ezinhlamvu ukuntanta emoyeni ngisalindile amaphiko. Mycology - kuyinto umkhakha odinga inzalo esiphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi zokuthelela substrate okunomsoco izingxabano ilungelo amakhowe, kumelwe uqiniseke ukuthi umoya egumbini luhlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga inzalo olunzulu amathuluzi abahilelekile, futhi ngisho izingubo womuntu, ukungcoliswa conductive kumele kahle inzalo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ungaqiniseka ukuthi ihlumela ncamashi okudingayo.

Research Institute Mycology. Kashkina

Lesi sakhiwo umxhwele yakhelwe Ukulifunda ngijule yesayensi ye amakhowe, kuwukuphela isikhungo salolu hlobo sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia. Isebenzisa imishini yamuva ukuxilonga igciwane fungal ngempumelelo, bese bhekana naye. Yethiwa Research Center, behlonipha womuntu okuye ukweleta kakhulu mycology yesimanje - Kashkina Pavel Nikolayevich. Nguye ngo-1982 wasungula isikhungo sokuqala mycological.

Kwavela ukuthi isikhunta ezincane kukhona causative ejenti izifo eziningi, it is hhayi ezihlobene umbono wokuqala. Ngaphezu mycologists ku Science Centre. Kashkina ithimba zokusebenza immunologists, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, urologists nezinye Ochwepheshe. Ngenxa yemizamo ahlangene abasebenzi bezokwelapha futhi ukuphumelela ukwelashwa kwezifo Mycology okukhulu. On isibonelo kulesi sikhungo emangalisayo ungakwazi ukuqonda indlela ewusizo emphakathini mycology. Santiago de Cuba, 1/28 - ikheli Research Institute. Kashkina Petersburg.

Mycology esizayo

Yiqiniso, isayensi study isikhunta, elinde ngokuzuma. Ngoba la magciwane chithi wonke iplanethi, ababengaphansi kwemibuso yakwamanye amazwe cishe lonke ubuso bayo. Ikusasa elinenjabulo lingumsebenzi wenu kungenziwa kuphela eyakhelwe ngokubambisana zalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo. Akukhona nje abantu axhomeke isikhunta, izitshalo eziningi wahluleka basinde ngaphandle kosizo lwawo. Mayelana 80% ye izitshalo lekhona lapha emhlabeni ikhona ngenxa mycorrhiza - Symbiosis ne isikhunta. Iplanethi yethu baba esikwaziyo ke, sibonga imizamo yalaba bamakoloni yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba.

Abantu bayazi kahle isikhunta kubaluleke kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, ukudala entsha Mycology Research Institute, izinkulungwane ososayensi abasebenza ekutadisheni umkhakha. Umnikelo mushroom isayensi kwezokwelapha yokudla ibalulekile. Amakhowe ukusiza Labelaphi nabathakathi ubambe imikhuba yabo ongaqondakali futhi abelaphi ukuphulukisa ngosizo isifo sabo. Imiphumela zamakhulu eminyaka nokubambisana isikhunta abantu yaphenduka isiyalo ngokwesayensi - mycology. Sinezizathu ezizwakalayo zokukholelwa ukuthi lokhu isayensi abasha ulinde ikusasa eliqhakazile.