John Huston: Biography, Ukudala

Umqondisi wefilimu odumile waseMelika, umlobi wezithombe, umlingisi uJohn Marcellus Houston wazalelwa ngo-Agasti 5, 1906 emndenini womdlali we-Walter Houston, ngaleso sikhathi owayehlala futhi esebenza nemindeni yakhe embalwa eNevada , Missouri.

Ibhokisi esikhundleni sesikole

Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, uJohn Houston wathakazelisa kakhulu ebhokisini futhi wahlanganyela emincintiswaneni yabasha. Imidlalo yamthatha kangangokuba uJohn waze waphuma esikoleni. Wanquma ngokuqinile ukuba ngumbhokisi wezinkampani ezisebenzayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthole imali yokuphila. Ukubonakala kokuqala, uJohn Huston owachitha emabhokisini amateur, kwakududuza, wathola umhlangano owodwa emva komunye. Kodwa-ke, maduzane naye kwaba nesigameko esingathandeki, esiqeda umsebenzi wakhe wezemidlalo.

UJohn uvele wangena ekulweni okudabukisayo, ngenxa yalokho umdlali owaziwayo u- Errol Flynn walimala kabi . Ushaywe kabi, ube esesibhedlela isikhathi eside.

Isivivinyo sokuqala

Lapho eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, uJohn Houston wenza i-debut yakhe ebhayisikobho enkulu, edlala indima episodic eqenjini eliphansi lesabelomali. Kodwa njengoba bengamthumeli izimemo eziningi, le nsizwa yahamba eya eMexico, lapho yaba khona umgibeli wamahhashi futhi yaqala ukuzalisa amahhashi. Konke lokhu, i-Houston, uJr. akazange alahlekelwe ukuxhumana noyise, futhi lapho eya eHollywood ukuze aphinde ahlasele, uJohn wahamba naye, ekhetha futhi ukuba azame ukuba ngumdlali.

Kodwa-ke, isiphetho sinqunywe ngenye indlela, futhi umdlali ohlulekile wezindima waba umlobi we-screenwriter, wabe esengumqondisi wezinkampani zamafilimu. Amakhono amahle okubhala ayamsiza ukuba athuthukise emaceleni ngaphambili. Abalobi base-United States bayingxenye yesimiso esisebenza kahle lapho abantu abangahleliwe abawa khona. Futhi uma abalobi beqalile ukungena emkhakheni wabo, kusho ukuthi ufanelwe ukubhekana nesimo esinzima nesibopho sokubhala imibhalo.

Ukushaya

Impumelelo yeHouston yayicacile, wabhala izimo eziningana zokudweba zakudala, njenge "Jezebel" - le filimu kamuva yadutshulwa nguWilliam Wyler. UJohn wakhethwa u-Oscar izikhathi ezintathu ngo-1938 no-1940 emsebenzini wakhe.

Ngo-1941, i-Houston yenza i-debut yakhe ibe yi-filmmaker nefilimu ethi "I-Falcon yasePalta". Kwabe sekulandela amanye amafilimu amabili, into ejabulisayo ethi "Through the Ocean" kanye ne-melodrama ebizwa ngokuthi "Lokhu kungukuphila kwethu."

Ukuzibandakanya njengesizathu sobuciko

Umqondisi wayenomlingiswa olula wezenhlalakahle, wayethanda ukuzijabulisa, izintuthano, izinkampani ezinobungane neziphuzo. Ezimweni eziningi nokuqondisa imisebenzi kukhona imprint ephawulekayo yokubuka kwakhe umhlaba jikelele. Umsekeli oqinisekisayo wezingxoxo eziqhakazile, ezihlakaniphile kule ifilimu, i-Houston yadala abalingiswa bakhe nabantu abathandanayo nabangqingili, futhi njalo kwamsiza ukuba akhiphe ifilimu ethandekayo.

I-Criminal Drama ka-1963

Ngezinye izikhathi umqondisi waphendukela ezindabeni ezingavamile, enye yemisebenzi yakhe yayiyifilimu ekhishwe ngo-1963. Idrama yobugebengu ebizwa ngokuthi "Uhlu lwe-Adrian Messenger" lahlelwe egameni elifanayo nguFilip MacDonald.

Umlingisi oyinhloko womlobi u-Messenger Adrian uphakamisa ukuthi ekuboneni kokuqala, azikho ukufa okungafani okuhlukene, empeleni, ziyizixhumanisi kulayini olulodwa. Ngokombono wakhe, lokhu kubulawe, kuhlelwe ngokucophelela futhi kubulawa ngegazi elibandayo.

U-Adrian utshele umngane wakhe, u-Anthony Getrin, owayengumphathi wezobunhloli, ecela usizo ekutholeni le ndaba ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha uMthumeli ngokwakhe ufa ngokuphahlazeka kwezindiza, eshiya ngemuva uhlu olungaqondakali lwamagama namazwi ambalwa ashona. Ngenxa yophenyo, uGethrin uphetha ngokuthi ukhona phambi kwakhe uhlu lwamagama ababoshiwe abayisosha bezempi kwelinye lamakamu eBurma. Iziboshwa zazama ukuhlela ukuphunyuka, kodwa omunye wabalindi, uCanada Sergeant George Brougham, wayivimbela ukwenza kanjalo. Manje zonke iziboshwa zinesizathu esihle sokufisa ukuba iCanada ife. Kodwa yena ngokwakhe unamandla kakhulu ekunciphiseni noma yikuphi kubo. Kwenzekeni ngempela? Le mfihlakalo ukuthola u-Anthony Gethrin.

"Ngaphansi kwe-volcano"

Ngo-1984, iHouston yakha idrama ehlangene yaseMexico naseMelika esekelwe emsebenzini womlobi waseNgisi uMalcolm Lauri "Ngaphansi Kweqhwa."

Izenzakalo zivela eMexico ngo-1939. Impi isiqalile kakade, ihlukanisa iYurophu ngaphandle. Leli phephandaba lilandisa ngelinye ilanga ekuphileni kombhalane waseBrithani uJeffrey Firmin, osebenza njenge-consul edolobheni elincane laseMexico.

UmNgisi unenkinga yokudakwa ngokweqile, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuphila kwakhe kungabi nalutho. UJeffrey uzama ukungabi nomlutha, kodwa kusukela kulokhu isimo sibucayi nakakhulu, ulahlekelwa ukuzinyuka kwakhe, enze izenzo zokuzikhandla. Owesifazane owayengumkakhe waseYvonne, owathi ngisho nangemva kwesahlukaniso engashiyanga umyeni wakhe ekucindezelekeni, ubukele ngokukhathazeka inqubo yokuzibulala eyathatha uJeffrey.

Owesifazane ohloniphekile uthemba ukuthi umphumela uzophumelela, ukholelwa ukuthi indoda yangaphambili iyophiliswa futhi iyeke ukuphuza. Yena njengomlingani onothando uzama ukusondelana noMninimandla onke, nganoma isiphi isikhathi sokuza. Ukwesaba kwakhe kubelwa umfowabo kaGeoffrey, obizwa ngokuthi uHugh. Ubukela ngokukhathazeka ukuhlazeka komuntu wendabuko ngokwakhe, ulalele ngokucophelela izimpikiswano zomzalwane mayelana nokufa okuseduze kwempucuko nokuthi ukubhujiswa kwayo sekuqalile kakade kuye - uJeffrey Firmin.

Ngokuqondene nempucuko ephukile, kwathiwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa ukuzibulala komqashi kwakuvele kubonakale. Le nqubo isingenakuguqulwa.

Indima ye-protagonist yayihloselwe uRichard Barton, kodwa wafa ngo-Agasti 1984, kanti uHouston John wamema ohlelweni lwamafilimu u-Albert Finney, owayengabamba idiplomat ephuzile, njengenoma ubani omunye. Isithombe somkakhe senziwa ngumdlali wesifazane waseFrance uJacqueline Bisset, nomfowabo uHugh - uNgisi u- Anthony Andrews.

"Ukubuya KweNkosi"

Ngokubalulekile kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ukubamba iqhaza komqondisi ekukhiqizeni ifilimu egcwele ubude obukhulu yiJules Bass no-Arthur Rankin. U-Houston uJohn akazange enze njengomqondisi noma umdwebi wesikrini. Wabe esho isithombe esiphezulu esithi "Ukubuya KweNkosi." Ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwehora nehafu kwakuningi, kodwa i-Houston ayizange ibale isikhathi. Umlingiswa wakhe u-Gandalf weGrey waba ongcono kakhulu.

I-cartoon yaba yiyona ingxenye yokugcina ye-trilogy kaJohn Tolkien ethi "INkosi Yezintambo." Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isithombe sakhulelwa njengokuqhubeka kwe "Hobbit", i-fairytale yezingane ngesitayela somculo.

Amaqhawe ngokwawo atshela ngalokho okwenzekayo, manje bese ehlukana ne-monologue yokucula. Isiqephu asinayo imibono eqondile, isenzo asikhululekile. I-protagonist ngu-Sam, kodwa hhayi u-Frodo, uhlamvu luka-Aragorn luyancipha, ukubusa kwakhe akuchazwa.

Isithombe siqala ngesidlo semikhosi, lapho uBilbo ebuza umbuzo kaFrodo mayelana nokuthi iKhadi lihambe kuphi. I-Frodo, i-Gandalf, i-minstrel nabanye baqala indaba yokuthi ama-Hobbits athatha kanjani iKhadi kuMordor.

U-Houston John, umqondisi ophakeme kakhulu wesikhathi sakhe, angase athathe noma yimuphi umsebenzi, uma nje kuphela ukuzuzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-movie yaseMelika. Ukuqondisa ifilimu egcwele ubude noma izwi le-hero cartoon - konke kwakufana emehlweni omqondisi wesigaba esihle.

Lapho uHouston John, omamafilimu akhe ethanda ukuthandwa kakhulu, waqopha i-movie ethi "UNkulunkulu uyazi, Mnu. Allison," wachitha isikhathi esiningi e-Ireland. Lapho, phakathi kwamafilimu, umqondisi wayebandakanyeka ekudwebeni. Ifilimu ethi "Engekho emthethweni" mayelana nama-cowboys yanikeza iHouston ithuba lokubopha ama-stallions amaningi cishe nsuku zonke futhi uhambe ngezinyawo eziningi. Uhamba ngesikhathi sakhe sokudubula ehlathini kanye noMarilyn Monroe noClark Gabble, ababebe nezinkanyezi. Bobabili umqondisi kanye nabadlali behlezi behlezi esitokisini.

Izindleko kumaphrojekthi akhe wefilimu

UJohn Houston akazange aphuthelwe ithuba lokudlala okungenani indima encane efilimu yakhe, ukuze kube nenzuzo yezizathu ezivamile. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa, waqala ukuvela kumaphrojekthi efilimu abaqondisi bakhe abajwayele. Indima engcono kakhulu yeHouston nguNowa Cross, isikhulu esihloniphekile esivela ku-movie ethi "Chinatown" eqondiswa i-Roman Polanski.

Amafilimu wakamuva omqondisi

Ifilimu ethi "Inhlonipho yomndeni u-Prizzi", owawuthatha u-Houston ngo-1985, kwaba omunye wemisebenzi yokugcina emsebenzini wakhe. Kuqala inkanyezi uJack Nicholson noCatherine Turner.

Ifilimu yakamuva, enesihloko esithi "The Dead" - inguqulo yeskrini kaveli kaJakobe Joyce yegama elifanayo, yayiyisiphetho esifanele emsebenzini kaHouston John, ophethe ngokufanele isihloko esithi "uMqondisi Omkhulu" we-movie yaseMelika.

Imiklomelo

1. Ngo-1949, i-Houston John yathola umklomelo we-Golden Globe umkhankaso wefilimu ethi "Izimpahla zaseSierra Madre."
2. Ngonyaka ofanayo, umqondisi wanikezwa "u-Oscar" ekuphakanyisweni "i-Screenplay Best" ne "Direction Best" kule filimu "Impahla yeSierra Madre."
3. Unyaka ka-1953 - umklomelo othi "i-Silver Lion" wokubeka i-movie "Moulin Rouge".
4. "I-Golden Globe" ngo-1964, indima yepulani lesibili kule filimu "iKhadikhadi".
5. Ngo-1985, "i-Golden Lion" emkhosini wamafilimu waseVenice ngokufaka isandla sakhe kwi-cinema yezwe.
6. "I-Golden Globe" ngo-1986 ukuze iqondiswe kahle, ifilimu ethi "Udumo lomndeni u-Prizzi."

I-Houston Dynasty iyona yokuqala eHollywood, inikeze umklomelo "Oscar" ngezizukulwane ezintathu. Izidakamizwa zegolide zanikezwa izihlobo eziseduze zomqondisi ukuthi zihlanganyele kumafilimu adalwe nguJohn Houston ngokwakhe.