Kaliningrad nendawo esikuyo: mbukwane. Incazelo amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Njengoba entshonalanga isikhungo lesifunda yezwe kakhulu futhi nguye kuphela ongenayo umhlaba imingcele ezwekazini Russia, Kaliningrad bekulokhu interesting hhayi kuphela ngokwendawo, kodwa futhi kusukela iphuzu zomlando umbono. idolobha Russian nge nezimpande ezijulile Austrian kuyinto ingxubevange ngendlela emangalisayo iminyuziyamu, amatshe ezikhumbuzo nezindawo yisakhiwo sodumo, izakhiwo namasiko. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwenza kakhulu ezivakashela ke unyaka wonke. Siphinde anikele ukuba ufunde uhlu ezikhangayo best e Kaliningrad nezindawo ezizungezile.

City kuze 1946

Manje eyaziwa ngokuthi Kaliningrad, Koenigsberg yasungulwa ngoJanuwari 1255 by Knights of the zamaJalimane Order iphansi kwesandla sika-Poppo von Ostern futhi Premysl Otakar II - King yaseBohemia. Kunengqondo ukuthi Konke lokhu kwaqala ukwakhiwa enqabeni, okokuqala a ngokhuni, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa itshe. Amabutho enkosi afika Knights usizo, nakho bamenywa ukubhekana nabantu bendawo kokholo yobuqaba. Kancane kancane waqala ukuba luthathe ezweni amaJalimane angasiboni. Bona exovwe labantu Prussian, okuyinto kancane kancane elahlekelwa ukuvelela kwawo, bakhohlwe welulwimi nemasiko. Ekugcineni, ngekhulu le-16 isibalo sabo kwaba ngu-20%. Kancane kancane, endaweni dolobha liye lakhula ukufaka yena eKönigsberg (Kaliningrad) nezindawo ezizungezile. Izikhangibavakashi e iningi angasuselwa ngalezo zikhathi ezikude.

City phakathi nempi

Ngu ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, leli dolobha liye lakhula. Ngezenzo ekuthuthukiseni ezokuthutha izixhumanisi, ubungcweti, ezindaweni suburban. Nokho, njengoba kusondela kokuba amaNazi ethathe umbuso, iye iqhutshelwe phambili impi.

Phakathi ubutha lo muzi wawuzoba wabhubhisa kakhulu British Air Force. ehlasela imvelo waqala ngemva Apreli 5, 1944. Abaningi ezikhangayo elisentshonalanga nasezindaweni ezizungezile zathinteka, abanye kwabhujiswa. Ekugcineni, abaningi ezikhumbuzo nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada, kuhlanganise Prussian King neNdlovukazi uLouise, kanye emathuneni professorial. Ngemva kwempi, sonke isifundazwe, okuthiwa yaseMpumalanga Prussia, kanye dolobha - Koenigsberg, wanikezwa ngesikhathi eSoviet Union, futhi kamuva sidluliselwe unaphakade.

eKönigsberg Castle

Europe, njengoba sazi, idume yayo izinqaba lasendulo. Abaningi babo ezakhiwa ngenkathi kwehlukana amakhosi asendulo, lapho igunya central waba buthaka futhi ngamunye bavikela okusemandleni. Yilokho eKönigsberg (Kaliningrad) ekuqaleni kwavela njengoba inqaba enqabeni. ZamaJalimane Knights wasibeka 1255, ukwakhiwa, kabusha, futhi izinguquko ezihlukahlukene benziwa kuze 1713 lesi sakhiwo wayengasho kufanele siziqhenye Kaliningrad yesimanje kanye endaweni ezungezile. Izimpawu zokubekisa zase komlando wasendulo abe izakhiwo elimazayo. Nokho, castle cishe yayinjalo wasukumela empini. Khona-ke waqala kokubhujiswa kwalo: kuqala, ezempi, bese uhulumeni omusha. Amanxiwa castle yasha ngo-1967 Manje kuyathandeka emanxiweni, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa imivubukulo kusukela '90s kuze kufinyelele 2007 inkulumo mayelana ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva isikhungo esingokomlando bomuzi eyenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa ngaphansi yesiteleka lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo cishe elahlekile okwamanje. -Pictures ngenhla egcekeni enqabeni, wenza ngo-1923.

Koenigsberg Exchange

Enye yezindawo endala isithakazelo edolobheni, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo. Modern ikheli indawo - 83 House Leninsky Prospekt, eduze kwebhuloho ephakeme. osebeni lomfula Pregol. Ukwakhiwa lolu hlobo kuleli dolobha wayengeyena owokuqala, kodwa ezintathu zokugcina kwabhidlika noma zishiswe. Shono exchange isitokwe basonta isigaba 'nemibono umxhwele kakhulu elisentshonalanga nasezindaweni ezizungezile ", uhlu okuyinto ngempela ebanzi. Yakhiwa 1870-1875, ngokulandelana, ngendlela engavamile ngoba Prussian neo-Renaissance ngesitayela khona izakhi classical. Esikhathini kwempi iminyaka Exchange iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, wama agugile kuphela ngasekupheleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo of kabusha iye yenziwa. Namuhla isakhiwo iyona isikhungo lesifunda of isiko kwentsha.

Kaliningrad Puppet Theatre

Lesi sakhiwo mlando itholakala ku-Central Park, Victory Avenue, edolobheni elisentshonalanga. Eminyakeni edlule ke wawusegunjini eSontweni LaseLuthela, futhi kusukela ngo-1976 - yesifunda ngonodoli. Lesi sakhiwo Yakhiwa ikhumbule uLouise ka Mecklenburg - unkosikazi Fridriha Vilgelma II futhi ngenhlanhla ugogo Russian uMbusi u-Alexander sika II. Ngemva ukubuyiselwa ukubukeka cishe ngokuphelele oluhambisana uhlobo esontweni ngaphambi kwempi, kodwa wezangaphakathi kakhulu kushintshwe okuthile kulo bese ngenxa yesidingo lobuchwepheshe Kwaba khona ukwahlukana phakathi sesibili. Uma unquma ukuhlola ezikhangayo elisentshonalanga nasezindaweni ezizungezile ebusika noma nganoma isiphi esinye isikhathi sonyaka, ungakhohlwa mayelana isakhiwo sesonto. Beautiful futhi mncane, ukuze badunyiswe abantu abathembekile ukuba indlovukazi yakhe ethandekayo kakhulu, owashonela prime yobuhle bakhe.

lombhishobhi

Lesi sakhiwo lasendulo, ogama ukwakhiwa kwenziwa eminyakeni 1333-1380, itholakala isikhungo esingokomlando edolobheni. Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni Yezinguquko 16. Cathedral kwaba esontweni lamaKatolika. It is built in isitayela Baltic Gothic, olubizwa nangokuthi isitini. It libhekene khona nomhlobiso ocebile, kodwa engekho ngokuphelele udini abacaphuni. Lona omunye izakhiwo ezimbalwa zazo etholakalayo eRussia. Qiniseka ukuvakashela lapho uhambela Kaliningrad. Zonke ezikhangayo indiva izinsuku elilodwa noma amabili akunakwenzeka, kodwa uhambo lwakho ngeke ayiphelele ngaphandle kokuhlola Cathedral. Manje ihlela nemibukiso ehlukahlukene amakhonsathi, kanye Izindlwana ezimbili umsebenzi: Orthodox labaVangeli.

Kirche MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT

Lesi sakhiwo endala Kaliningrad, liye lasinda kuze kube namuhla futhi abawujwayele abantu bendawo njengoba St Nicholas Church. Usuku olunembile ukwakhiwa yayo kungasethiwe, kodwa imithombo ebhalwe ukusho ngakho 1288. kwethempeli Its eyakhiwe ezinkulu enkulu emangelengele, nogange entshonalanga senziwa ngezitini nge Ligation Gothic. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi phakathi nempi isonto cishe Lutheran alizange. Ngokusho idatha ethile, amasevisi yayiqhutshelwa kuyo kuze 1948, kwaze kwaba ukuxoshwa amaJalimane kusuka edolobheni. Yiqiniso, isakhiwo uyisikhumbuzo somlando bese nhle idolobha elisentshonalanga nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Izikhangibavakashi yalolu hlobo njalo zivuse nemizwa ejulile uma uvakashela, ngoba bathanda isikhathi sisesenjalo futhi afakwa emkhathini esidlule kuleli dolobha.

Church of the Family oNgcwele, Kaliningrad

Cishe ISonto LamaKatolika umsebenzi ezidumile umxhwele kakhulu wezakhiwo Fridriha Haytmanna. Yakhiwa 1904-1907. Ngokusho kwakhe, kwaba yindawo ekhethekile, besiyoba yini nje ukube njalo wabusa umoya kaKristu futhi abazali bakhe basemhlabeni. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi baqhube ezinkonzweni zemingcwabo, nasemikhosini yomshado kanye christenings kuphela. Manje isakhiwo kungokwalabo Philharmonic yesiFunda.

Holy Cross Cathedral

The izinto eminingi yasendulo futhi umbukwane elisentshonalanga nasezindaweni ezizungezile kukhona engacabangeki ngaphandle Kirche Cross, okuyinto manje sesonto lobu-Orthodox. ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhlelelwe Nokho ukuqala ngo-1913, ngaphambi kokuba uqale, umsebenzi kwaphazanyiswa ngenxa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, ngo-1925, kube wabuthelwa, itshe lokuqala sabekwa ngo-1930, futhi kakade 7 Meyi 1933 labetibambile ukungcweliswa kwalo. Cathedral ezithakazelisayo ngokuya izakhiwo kanye ngeqhinga unohlobo ravnokonechnogo (ngesiGreki) esiphambanweni. I umhlobiso yokuqala ibandla liye lalondolozwa, kusakhiwo yangaphakathi yabekwa ushintsho eziningi, okuholela ekulahlekeni zilwane bomdabu.

Oholela ingxoxo mayelana Kaliningrad nasezindaweni ezizungezile, izinto edolobheni, walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu, akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa kwenye indawo - Ukudoba Village (isithombe). ukuhweba Modern, izimboni kanye isikhungo ethnographic obesekwenziwe muva nje, kodwa kakhulu abathandwa bendawo nezivakashi. Empeleni, kuba njalo edolobheni block, ukuthi nje zonke izakhiwo kuwo zenziwa kuhambisana isitayela German. Uma ufuna shí emkhathini we izakhiwo ubudala futhi eKönigsberg, ke ngokuqinisekile uthathele ukungcebeleka ngokusebenzisa emigwaqweni yakhona. Ukudoba edolobhaneni elise esiqhingini Okthoba, phakathi emgwaqweni of the gama elifanayo futhi Pregel (emfuleni).

Ezinye zezenzakalo ezenzeka edolobheni, ungase futhi ukhululeke kulolu hlu: ". Izinto elisentshonalanga nasezindaweni ezizungezile" Ukwakha umzimba, isibonelo, abahlonishwayo ne bendawo, kodwa ngoba kukhona izikole eziningi izikhungo zezemidlalo. Minyaka yonke ubuqhawe lesifunda.

Kaliningrad Museum

Kwakhiwe isakhiwo sokulondoloza amagugu - kuba njalo ezithakazelisayo hhayi kuyisicefe futhi okuyisidina, njengoba abaningi becabanga kanjalo. Kubalulekile nje ukhethe ukuthi uyihlupha. Njengoba isikhungo enkulu yesifunda ngamasiko zomlando namasiko ocebile, Kaliningrad ilungele ukunikela izivakashi zayo eminyuziyamu ezinhlanu ngobukhulu futhi edume kunazo zonke. Ayikho imfihlo ukuthi ugu Baltic abacebile amber. Kuyinto leli tshe futhi noma yini ehlangene nakho, izinikele omunye iminyuziyamu. It kwavulwa isakhiwo mlando (umbhoshongo) ngo-1979 (bheka isithombe). embukisweni yakhe, ise amakamelo 28 zihlanganisa izihloko ezifana izakhiwo amber nomlando wayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezobuciko, kuhlanganise wesimanje, imininingwane ukwakhiwa kanye ifektri.

esangweni Frindlandskie, elakhiwa ngo-kwekhulu le-18 e isitayela Gothic Revival, manje futhi emnyuziyamu. Exposition esizinikezele umlando pre-impi eKönigsberg. On umgandayo flat uma ubuye wanyamalala kanye edolobheni.

Umhlaba Ocean Museum, wavula ngo-1990, iyona ngqa. esichasiselweni sakhe esithi enikelwe Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, flora zasolwandle kanye nezilwane, Hydrology, yokuma komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has umtapo ayo futhi seascape esiteshini semvelo. Izivakashi uzothola ezihlukahlukene ziphephile, kusukela skeleton omkhulu we sperm whale kumaqoqo kwezibhamu Antique nezikhali oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, "Vityaz". I okugcinwa ongayenza ukuze uzibonele ngawakho abakhileyo izilwandle nasolwandle, kuhlanganise piranha ezishisayo, stingrays futhi hvostokolov-t. D.

Kuyadingeka ukuba basho kwenye indawo emangalisayo, okungase ngokuphepha kufakwe Kaliningrad ezikhangayo futhi omakhelwane.

Svetlogorsk - resort idolobha

Ukuze ulifake kuleli isihloko kuwufanele ngesizathu ukuthi km 40 kuphela ukusuka Kaliningrad, ngqo Baltic ogwini. A idolobha elincane elinabantu abantu nje phezu ayizinkulungwane 20 Sekuyisikhathi eside eheha izivakashi esifundeni. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke ngokubhala eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1258, uma la mazwe kwakwakhiwe yi Prussians. Nge umlando eside kangaka, kodwa-ke, lomuzi kumele banikele izivakashi zayo ezihlukahlukene ezikhangayo. Phakathi kwabo - esontweni lamaLuthela elakhiwa ngo-1903 (manje Sarov ethempelini), izikhumbuzo ahlukahlukene, imoto ikhebula, ebhishi emangalisayo futhi ukuvakasha, alelo washi lika, zokugeza edolobheni, njll ...

Kaliningrad uma esisogwini kwalapho kuhlangana khona isikhathi, izindlela ezimbili zomlando. Kulesi edolobheni elidala ezimangalisayo futhi emuhle, yebo, kukhona okuthile ukubona. Ngo Kaliningrad ezikhangayo kusukela esikhathini ehlukene ame ndawonye, ngezinye izikhathi ngokungafani indlela Amazing kakhulu.