Kamov ezinophephela emhlane: wonke amamodeli. Izithombe kanye Imininingwane

Izindiza lokuqala Kamov (Ka) wakhumula e ezikude 1953. Apreli 14 multi-purpose indiza Ka-15 bekulokhu iphayona nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, wadala egameni kokulinganisa Design Bureau (okb) Nikolay Ilyich Kamov. Bureau of umklami abadumile wazibonakalisa ngokuphindaphindiwe kuwufanele yayo umkhuba futhi izikimu akhethiwe usizo. Omunye timphawu letehlukene babe ezinophephela emhlane Kamov design bureau, - ngezikulufo coaxial. Lesi sici avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa imishini kwimikhakha ehlukene nezindawo (wezempi, imithi, wokutakula, kanye naleminye imikhakha ebalulekile).

Njengoba indiza yokuqala Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, futhi "Kamov" ezinophephela emhlane amafemu namanje ukujabulela udumo ububanzi. I-Russian lempi zezindiza izingalo kuyinto isikhali esiyingozi futhi ngempumelelo ukwenza eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo combat ohambweni.

Ka-15

Okokuqala Kamov ezinophephela emhlane ziye athuthukile kuphela Navy. Kwaphela isikhathi eside le coaxial wesifunda Helical kwaba isici esiphawula leli design bureau. Kungenzeka ukuthola eMhlanganweni ekhishwa kahle ephethwe futhi vysokomanovrennye ezinophephela emhlane, nazo zonke lezi zinzuzo wabonakaliswa ngokuphelele ngokwabo ngesikhathi imishini elincane ngosayizi.

Omunye imigqa yokuqala futhi kuphumelele kakhulu Edo ubuchwepheshe "Kamov" - lo Ka-15. NATO okungeziwe wanikeza lo mshini nokuthuka nokuqoshwa ka "inkukhu." Kuyinto lokhu indiza umkhumbi ezimbili ndawo imodeli wokuqala elihambayo futhi zakhululwa 354 amakhophi.

ububanzi okuyinto lakhiwe kusukela maphakathi nawo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Project layout kanye nomklamo izici sivunyiwe Morflot ekuqaleni kuka-1952. Kamov (ezinophephela emhlane Umklami) Wayazi ukuthi umshini lizosetshenziswa imishini womkhumbi, ngakho benza imodeli icwecwe kakhulu futhi kuqhathaniswa ukukhanya. Kanye ubude bayo Ka-15 cishe amabili izikhathi ngaphansana ngisho ukuguqulwa owesincane Mi-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami ephethwe ukuba bakwamukele umshini encane kangaka ukundiza yonke imishini ezidingekayo.

izilingo Military imifanekiso emibili (single-Rotor Mi-1 wesifunda futhi coaxial Ka-15) on the impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Mikhail Kutuzov" kwabonisa imiphumela umxhwele kakhulu ubuchwepheshe Kamov. Uma Mi-1 ngokuphawulekayo anqandwe ngokweminyaka ku-indiza nge emphemeni womkhumbi ngoba Rotor umsila kanye eside umsila boom, le Ka-15 landizela kahle yahlala endaweni encane ngenxa yobukhulu bayo elincane, ngo izimo ulwandle lasitfupha emphumelelo.

Ngokusho imiphumela yokuhlolwa, amatilosi Soviet ekugcineni bayaqiniseka ukuthi inqubo ye umkhumbi emoyeni uhlobo angakwenza ngaphandle coaxial, futhi yayingekho indlela Kamov ezinophephela emhlane (wonke amamodeli).

Ukugubha uxhumano Navy ukuqedelwa imishini okb Kamov kusukela 1957. Naphezu ukusebenza okuhle, imodeli indiza kwaba ayizwakali njengenhlangano imishini anti-ngwenya, futhi lokhu ngesikhathi esishubile, kwaba into eza kuqala. Omunye umshini ungase phakamisa ebhokisini sonar amabili kuphela (ngomkhondo ngwenya isitha), imishini elawulwa yayigcwele kolunye indiza, kanti kowesithathu babe ukujula amacala. Uhlelo kuzokuhlupha kakhulu, ngakho Morflot ngo-1963 wenqaba Ka-15 esivuna ezintsha ka-design efanayo bureau.

Imininingwane imodeli

Aircraft ukusebenza Amapharamitha Ka-15:

• Ceiling - 3500 m.
• Ibanga - 278 km.
• Isivinini bavimba - 155 km / h.
• Reserve phakathi ukusuka isisindo - 1460 kg.
• Amatilosi - ongu-1.
• Cargo - kg 300 noma abantu abangu-2.
• I ububanzi Rotor main - 9,96 m.
• Uhlaka obuphelele - 6,26 m.

Ka-25

Helicopter Kamov 25 Series - kungcono anti-umkhumbi umshini uhlobo. Le modeli sekuyindlela eyinhloko ekwakhekeni bureau kazwelonke kanye zezindiza asolwandle iyonke. I Ka-25 yasungulwa njengoba ithuluzi belwa ngwenya yenuzi isitha ezingaba khona.

Leyo mikhumbi lokuqala lolu hlobo wamiswa radar nge-round ukubonakala imisebenzi yezempi bezorientirnoy ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi futhi ohlakaniphile design indiza Kamov 25-chungechunge ziye zaba izimoto zethu iminyaka engu-30.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba we Ka-25 senzeka ngoMeyi 20, 1961, ngemva kweminyaka emine imoto wagqoka elihambayo e-Ulan-Ude. Kuze 1969 imodeli wayewukuphela multi-purpose indiza ongenawo analogue kule lwasekhaya zezindiza umkhakha. Kodwa ngemva Abaklami Soviet umnikelo brand new ukulwa indiza Mi-24 izindiza ezinophephela emhlane Kamov (bheka isithombe. Esihlokweni) waqala ezindiza inkampani imishini Mile.

Helicopter Ka-25 kwaba indawo enhle kakhulu usizo webutho lezempi amatilosi kuhambisana ngokuphelele kubo. Uchungechunge ukuthi behlome ngemibese Morflot wethu kuze 1991, kanye ukulungiswa isiqu target (Ka-25TS) - kuze kufinyelele 90 maphakathi. Ubude bangathembela 18 uchungechunge ukuhlukahluka ngoba izinhloso ezahlukene kanye nezindawo. Zonke ukusebenza imishini (1965-1973 GG.) Ingabe eqoqwe amayunithi cishe ngo-460 ubuchwepheshe Ka-25.

umshini Izici

Aircraft ukusebenza Amapharamitha Ka-25 indiza:

• Ceiling - 4000 m.
• Ibanga - 650 km.
• Bavimba ngesivinini esiphezulu - 220 km / h.
• Reserve phakathi ukusuka isisindo - 7500 kg.
• Crew - abantu abangu-2.
• Cargo - 1100 kg.
• Abagibeli - abantu abangu-12.
• I ububanzi Rotor main - 15,74 m.
• Uhlaka obuphelele - abama-9.75 m.
• Umshini ukuphakama - 5,37 m.

Ka-50

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo eU.SSR isabelo ezinkulu indiza wezempi ukulwa kwaba imodeli umklami Mil - Mi-24. "Khehla" usasebenzela namabutho ethu, kodwa ngisho ngaleso sikhathi kobuholi ezempi isinqumo sokuthi lo mshini alihlangani zonke izidingo ibutho.

Mi-24 adalwe "flying elihamba lokulwa izimoto" umqondo. Okusho ukuthi, umshini kukwazi hhayi kuphela baphathe izenzo lokushaya, kodwa futhi uma kunesidingo endaweni entsha paratroopers umnyango. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo, yebo, kwathinta izimfanelo elwa ka Mile ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo intelligence Soviet ngokuya livelile ukuthuthukiswa futhi ensimini ukuhlolwa of a imodeli entsha US Air Force - kuhlasela indiza AH-64 "Apache".

Design Bureau ukuba ayicabangele ngokucophelela ulwazi wathola waphendula shock efanayo baseMelika ukuthuthukisa Ka-50 "Black Shark". Kamov Helicopter Series 50 engunyaza ngoJuni 1982 futhi waba ngobuciko Russian zezindiza ezempi, kodwa abayi yangempela uqale empilweni.

Izici indiza

Imodeli isibe agcwele ukushaqeka iyunithi ukuthi ubhekana ukubhujiswa izimoto armored, izakhiwo ubunjiniyela kanye nokuqedwa amabutho esitha enkundleni yempi. umshini Single sebekujwayele uhlelo coaxial kwaba ifakwe yokubeka isigqoko catapult phezu rocket isimiso parachute. uhlelo olunjalo olwenza umshayeli ukushiya ngokuphepha endizeni ngesivinini esingafinyelela ku-400 km / h endaweni engamamitha kungekho amamitha angaphezu kuka-4000 ngezinciphiso ubuncane.

Ukuqamba ngenkathi izinto esiyinhlanganisela, okuyinto eyabangela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu isisindo wonke imishini ngendlela ehlelekile, kakhulu ukunciphisa isisindo jikelele kuqhathaniswa isizukulwane esedlule sakwa-ezinophephela emhlane. Kungenzeka futhi ukwandisa impilo yesevisi amayunithi ngabanye, futhi nokwethenjelwa survivability imishini.

Helicopter Russian 'Kamov "ngokuthi" Black Shark "wenza uchungechunge elincane ucezu. amakhophi kwakamuva zinikelwe Armed Forces ngo-2009. Zonke kungenziwa kahle ukufunda izimoto 15 Ka-50, kuhlanganise imishini yokuhlola. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lokhu imodeli isibe nakho olukhulu le Kamov design bureau, okuvumela emkhakheni zifezeke ubuchwepheshe ezintsha kanye nemishini emisha yempi.

Izici indiza

Aircraft ukusebenza Amapharamitha Ka-50:

• Ceiling - 5500 m.
• Ibanga - 1160 km.
• Isivinini bavimba - 390 km / h.
• Reserve phakathi ukusuka isisindo - 10.800 kg.
• Amatilosi - ongu-1.
• Cargo - 2000 kg.
• I ububanzi Rotor main - 14.5 m.
• Uhlaka obuphelele - 13.5 m.

Ca-52

Zathola okuhlangenwe nakho ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa Ka-50 seyenziwe ngokugcwele entsha umshini multifunction umthelela uhlobo Ca-52 "Gator". Isiphetho isizukulwane yakamuva ezinophephela emhlane Kamov kungenziwa yaphumelela.

Ukwahlulela kusukela idatha, okuyinto wethule Russian Air Force kuyinto 72 amayunithi Ka-52 enkonzweni yempi yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha waphetha inkontileka yesikhathi eside nge Kamov design bureau esibandakanya retrofitting ubuchwepheshe kuze 2020 (mayelana 150 multi-purpose kuhlasela indiza "lwengwenya" uhlobo).

izici zayo

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi entsha Ka-52 kusukela "Black Shark" - kuyinto ukuvela co-pilot nethuba eliphelele ukundiza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kunoma iyiphi sezulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isizukulwane yangaphambili Ka-50 babengakwazi ukuqhuba eminye imisebenzi ebusuku.

Ukuguqulwa "Alligator" ngo-85% liye ahambisana umshini Ka-50. Elisha Ka-52 ithole powerplant, umsila futhi engxenyeni phakathi fuselage, iphiko kanye empennage yenethiwekhi uhlelo chassis. Ngaphambili ingxenye indiza sinyukile kancane, ukuze atholakala esihlalweni nomsizi sika. Njengoba umshayeli, wokutakula uhlelo isetshenziswa wonke efanayo rocket parachute catapult njengasezulwini "Black Shark". Ithole isikhalazo ezinkulu yokuthuthukisa instrumentation abanikeze asebenza nabo. Manje kukhona yesimanje LCD ekhombisa esikhundleni izikhombo bendabuko electromechanical.

Njengoba sekunama-yesibili umshini umshayeli isibe eziqinile, njengoba umthwalo abaseqenjini wabe kabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami kubhekwe okunengqondo ngokwengeziwe ukuhlela pilot abekho Ngohlelo (nomunye), njengoba wayekwenza kwezinye izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kuhlasela, futhi zilinganisene ihlombe nehlombe. Ngenxa yaleli lungiselelo, amatilosi kakhulu anda nokudidiyela umsebenzi futhi asikho isidingo ukufaka kudeshibhodi ezengeziwe, futhi lokhu kuncipha isisindo wonke isakhiwo kanye ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kumadivayisi impinda.

Okokuqala indiza "Alligator" owawuse ekupheleni June 1997. On imoto elihambayo weza kuphela ekupheleni 2008 ngenxa ukukhiqizwa umthamo zalesi sihlahla "Inqubekela", itholakala edolobheni elincane Arsenyev. ukuhlolwa State emabangeni lempi yaqedwa 2011, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo Ka-52 wangenela inkonzo izindiza Russian ukulwa amayunithi.

umshini injongo

"Alligator" yakhelwe ukulwa ukusebenza zonke izimo zezulu bese uyakwazi ukuqeda imishini isitha armored, kanye namandla ophilayo lesitha, kanye ezibhekene ezinophephela emhlane nesitha ukujula wezindlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ca-52 yabonisa ngokuqiniseka ngokwaso ezobunhloli. Yena ongenza hardware zokukhomba futhi target zokusabalalisa ibambisana naye inqubo (ukulwa izindiza namabutho phansi). Umshini iyakwazi ukunikeza umlilo ikhava lokubikezela, zizulazula endaweni futhi ahambisane amanye amakholomu kokubili izinjongo ezivamile lempi. Namuhla ukuziqhenya Aviation Russian futhi enza izinto ezihlukahlukene ithuluzi lempi uyakwazi ukwenza lenqwaba combat ohambweni, nge kude hle kusukela iphuzu ekhaya.

izinkomba ezisemqoka imodeli

Aircraft ukusebenza Amapharamitha Ka-52:

• Ceiling - 5500 m.
• Ibanga - 1160 km.
• Isivinini bavimba - 300 km / h.
• Reserve phakathi ukusuka isisindo - 10.400 kg.
• Crew - abantu abangu-2.
• Cargo - 2000 kg.
• I ububanzi Rotor main - 14.5 m.
• Uhlaka obuphelele - 14.2 m.