Karyotype - ukuhlaziya, okuyinto kuyokwembula izimfihlo ufuzo

Namuhla, ngokuvamile eqanjiwe noma umphenyi amafilimu abaseshi ngokuvamile ukuthola imbangela secala kweqiniso kwenza isifundo ku karyotype - ukuhlaziywa ukuthi uhlole DNA yomuntu futhi oyosisiza ukuba sibhekane nakho, uma kunesidingo, kuze kube amasampula control. Ngokungangabazeki, izifundo zofuzo ziye kabanzi busuka kwezokwelapha nge kudalwa imishini ezifanele, izindlela zocwaningo futhi ukuvela izizukulwane ochwepheshe bakwazi ukusebenza alusebenzise.

Izifundo karyotype - indlela ebalulekile uphethwe zofuzo

cwaningo karyotype zokwelapha yavlyayuetsya omunye izigaba Ukwelulekwa zofuzo. Umgomo we esifundwayo kusekelwe yokuthi kumaseli zonke umzimba ophilayo Ukwakheka wama-chromosomes, abathwali ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, uhlala ingashintshiwe kukho konke ukuphila. Njalo ophilayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo asithola kubazali bawo abangamaKristu isigamu iqoqo Ama-chromosomes e, okuyinto ixhunywe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa - kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo umzimba omusha. Inani lezakhi zofuzo kanye nezici zabo bahlale njalo kukho konke ukuphila. Empeleni, ngakho umuntu ngamunye kanye kuphela ekuphileni azokuqhubela isifundo phezu karyotype.

Uhlaziyo kungase kwenziwe nge amaseli yiluphi uhlaka womuntu - Ukwakheka wama-chromosomes uhlala ingashintshiwe kungakhathaliseki izicubu kanye indlela izibonelo zalokho impahla. Lolu cwaningo odingeka kwezokwelapha, lapho indlela yesimanje zokuxilonga isetshenziselwe ukuthola kungenzeka nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo efana isiguli kanye nezihlobo zakhe. isicelo atholakala ukuhlaziya isayensi forensic lapho karyotype lamaseli wasebenzisa ukuhlolwa ehlukahlukene imithi forensic.

Indlela ucwaningo

You azi ukuthi, uma kudingeka, okufanele abekeke yimuphi cwaningo kwamaseli womuntu emzimbeni, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho amangqamuzana afile (sezinwele, izinzipho, epidermis). Nokho, ijubane ukuthola umphumela kuxhomeke endleleni ngokushesha amaseli umuntu izicubu zomzimba ethile zihlukaniswe. Kuyinto kuphela nuclei lamaseli sokuhlukanisa ngokuvamile kungase kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okusheshayo phezu karyotype. Ukuhlaziywa ngisho ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle kuzothatha isikhathi esithile - esimweni engcono, umphumela Imininingwane cwaningo kungatholakala ezandleni izinsuku 25-30 of. Ngo umkhuba forensic ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola okusheshayo - zidinga isikhathi esincane, kodwa yi yabo idinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe njengenjwayelo.

Lolu cwaningo eyenziwa culturing we indaba isampula elathathwa egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. On izakhi abezindaba akhethekile kuphela ngaphandle kwesibeletho cell isiko wenziwa. Ezimweni eziningi, igazi sithathwa uphenyo - the capillary (kakhulu ezingavamile), noma emithambo yegazi, okungenani - nokususa ne mucosa ngomlomo. Ukuhlaziya igazi karyotype zokwelapha zanamuhla is avame ukusetshenziswa ukwelulekwa wezokwelapha kanye zofuzo. Le ndlela yokukhipha okokusebenza kusiza ukuthola amangqamuzana ngokwanele (ikakhulukazi igazi), okuzokwenziwa esekhulile elabhorethri, fixed, namabala futhi wahlola udayi ekhethekile.

Lapho ukuhlaziywa karyotype kubalulekile

Izinto zivame ukwenzeka ukuthi inzalo kombhangqwana enecala izinguquko chromosomal e amaseli omunye abazoba abazali, ngakho ukungazali noma ukuphuphuma komkhuba aphenya karyotype. Uhlaziyo ngokuvamile ebekiwe inhlanganisela ucwaningo wezinsimbi futhi laboratory, kodwa kumele kwenziwe kuphela ngesikhathi kokuqondisa kukadokotela, kulandela ukuhlolwa kanye nokuvivinywa isimiso.

Lokhu kuhlaziya siyadingeka futhi ukuthola izifo ngofuzo, ikakhulukazi ngocansi njengenhlangano autosomal imfanelo esikhubazayo (isifo kwenzeka kuphela uma "umhlangano" zezakhi zofuzo ezimbili sokugembula). Namuhla, lolu cwaningo angaqokwa njengomhloli ngomntwana osanda kuzalwa futhi umuntu kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe kamuva, futhi ingane - ngesikhathi uphethwe koda. Kulokhu, indaba for analysis amniotic fluid, umzanyana noma izinhlayiya chorionic.