Kungani ithambekele Tower of Pisa? Ukuphakama iqophelo lohlangothi

Uma sikhuluma abadumile isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi emhlabeni, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke ngokungangabazeki Ukuncika Tower. Yikuphi muzi emthambekeni Campanile 3 ° 54 '? Lokhu degree kuyinto ngempela lubonakale kuphela ezakhiweni. Futhi umbhoshongo insimbi efana eqandisiwe ukuwa yayo. Ngokungangabazeki, emzini Pisa, futhi kukhona inala ezinye ezikhangayo. Hhayi lutho ukuthi UNESCO kufakwe lwayo lwezindawo eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba ohlwini (at inombolo 395), wonke endaweni Prato de Miracoli. Igama layo elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ISiganga Izimangaliso". Futhi okubhapathiza of San Giovanni, kanye Camposanto emathuneni, kanye Duomo, elalinikezelwe Dormition the Virgin - a okudaliwe imilingo bokwakhiwa ephakathi futhi Renaissance. Kodwa umbhoshongo isikhencezo Santa Maria Assunta - siyinto okukhethekile. Zonke izivakashi siyaba naso isidingo ukuvakashela Prato de Miracoli ukuba "ukuphasa" umunwe (mina, Batman, futhi wangihlenga Ukuncika Tower of Pisa - izithombe owande kakhulu). Kodwa kulesi sihloko sibheka ukuthi kungani umbhoshongo insimbi uwela, yini ukuphakama obuthile izindaba ezithakazelisayo ephathelene nayo.

Pisa nezinto zalo ezikhangayo

Cathedral dedengu ibekwa "isithunzi" bell tower zayo ezidumile falling. Kuyosiza kudingeka uhambe, kanye kule yokubhapathiza Ioanna Predtechi. Kodwa omunye endaweni Prato de Miracoli izinto edolobheni kungukuthi isiphelile. Church - St Francis of Assisi, Santa Maria della Spina, San Paolo a Ripa-d'Amo, uCatherine, Frediano, uStefanu, San Michele, St Sixtus, nabanye - bayisibonelo esihle ka Italian Renaissance. Kufanele futhi uvakashele lezindela eSt Anthony lasendulo. Kubafanele ukunakekelwa okukhethekile zemibukiso kanye zamakhosi Pisa Royal Palazzo Reale, le Medici, Lanfranchi, Agostini, dell'Orologio, Karovana, Borgo Stretto. Pisa uqhosha omunye iyunivesithi endala kunawo wonke eYurophu. eziyinkimbinkimbi zemfundo zezakhiwo nalo mlando emlandweni. Abaningi kulo muzi futhi iminyuziyamu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo: San Matteo, Villa di Korliano, Delle-Sinop, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, le Medici arsenal kanye Fortezza di San Gallo.

Kungani ithambekele Tower of Pisa: The Legend

Mayelana kancane 'bayawa' basembhoshongweni insimbi kukhona legend enhle. Kusolakala, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule, e 1173, ukuze kwakhiwe le Campanile wathatha master Bonanno Pisano. He qamba umbhoshongo zemabula emangalisayo, ihlobe nemengamo yalo futhi imifanekiso. Kodwa iziphathimandla zendawo ngasizathu simbe, wenqaba ukukhokha umakhi wathembisa Imali. Khona umninindlu wathukuthela wathi indalo yakhe: "Woza ungilandele!" Futhi iyiswe eningizimu. Futhi - bheka futhi bheka! - isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi in ngalelohola esincike kule siqondiso. abameleli Uthukile ngokushesha ikhokhwe konke ekweletwa ngamakhansela sivumelwano. Campanile eba yiqhwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho sekuneminyaka eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili. Yini baphuma ke? Kuphela igama okuyinhloko. Kodwa Bonanno Pisano wakwazi ukwakha ezintathu aphansi kuphela izibuya a embhoshongweni okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kwasekubikwa nje agcwaliswe emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili, ngo 1360. Kwakuthinta ehlotshiswe izithombe ze ngekhulu nanhlanu, futhi insimbi - ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka.

Iphutha, okuyinto eyaba eyingqopha

Sekuyisikhathi ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani umbhoshongo ezigobile Pisa. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi le - umbono wezakhiwo. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Umakhi ekuqaleni, ngisho ngokuya ukwakhiwa, wenza iphutha izibalo. On ukuphakama aphakanyisiwe basembhoshongweni, wazala mincane kakhulu (amamitha amathathu kuphela ububanzi) isisekelo. Futhi nje, angizange hlola phansi nasesakhiweni. Daka nobumba inhlabathi ngaphansi ichopho eliseningizimu ye-umbhoshongo waqala ukufiphaza bese liyazika. Iphutha kwatholakala phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ngemva isakhiwo sesiqaliwe, lapho kwakuthandeka ekupheleni lwesithathu emphemeni indandatho (1178). Emthambekeni Campanile sidle kwaba ngaleso sikhathi kancane. Ngemva esinezitezi ezintathu ubekade ukuphakama kwamamitha nanye. Roll ku eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu kwaba ngamasentimitha amane. Kodwa lesi simo kwaholela Bonanno Pisano nomsizi wakhe Guglielmo ka Innsbruck ukuyeka umsebenzi fihla i isiqondiso engaziwa.

Umzamo ukuqedela Campanile

Inkinga wawungekona kangako ebhange, kodwa ekukhuleni mkhuba iningi ukuphambuka kusuka eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu. Umsebenzi yamiswa ukusebenza, kodwa hhayi kakhulu ngenxa ubunzima isakhiwo, kodwa ngenxa yempi. Ngo 1233 sesine, i Campanile usuphethiwe. Ngemva kwezimpi eziningana le abameleli idolobha ekhulwini nane, wanquma uqhube ukwakhiwa. Ibhange ngaleso sikhathi kakade uvukile isigamu imitha. Kwathatha Dzhovanni Di Simone. Kunokuba ukuhlola futhi uqonde ukuthi kungani esitshekile umbhoshongo of Pisa, waqala ukwakha phansi yesihlanu. Umklamo okusobala ukuthi usengozini luphela, futhi master wenqaba ukuqhubeka ukwakhiwa. Phela, ngokuya Bonanno Pisano Campanile lombhishobhi eyinhloko Pisa ke uJesu wazalwa isakhiwo eziyishumi storey nge belfry ophahleni nanye kanye nambili. Ngenxa yalokhu, lonke isakhiwo, ukuze inkazimulo kaNkulunkulu futhi lomuzi lwalunezisekelo ukuba mude futhi amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili.

Imizamo ulungise iphutha

Ngo-1350 umakhi abadumile Tommaso Di Andrea nesibindi ukuqedela umsebenzi ababengaphambi kwakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, ibhange kakade kwaba amasentimitha asithoba anababini. Umakhi wafunda umbuzo kungani umbhoshongo ezigobile Pisa, futhi waqaphela ukuthi - emhlabathini. Umhlabathi wakhona umuntu ukushintsha engingeke ngikwazi ukuyikhokhela, kodwa kungaba nomthelela izinhlelo ukwakhiwa. Wenza izibalo zabo izinguquko ezithile. Iphansi umbhoshongo eduze wakha amasentimitha nanye ngaphezulu nge ezitshekile ecaleni kwalokho ucelwa counterweight ebhange. Master belahla umqondo yasekuqaleni futhi Campanile okusezingeni eliphezulu. Yena kungagcini yena ukuba eziyizitezi eziyisishiyagalombili. Isakhiwo hhayi ethwele uphahla, futhi insimbi wazenza ngethusi. Kodwa lokhu zokuchithwa ezine izibuya ukuhlehlisa kuphela ekwindla ngenakugwemeka. Izinga ukuthambekela Campanile belilokhu landa kancane kancane unyaka nonyaka.

Isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi noGalileo

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi Ukuncika Tower ifakwe ezingaphakathi kanye izinyathelo 294. Manje ungakwazi ukukhuphuka phezu kwabo ukujabulela panorama ethakazelisayo edolobheni. Kodwa esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba izivakashi wagibela phezu umbhoshongo uGalileo Galilei. Ephambi kwezinduna ezimbili oprofesa ISayensi Yemvelo-University of Pisa, waphonsa lo umbhoshongo insimbi nge izinto olwehlelayo sezisindo ezahlukene ukufakazela imfundiso yokuziphendukela adonsela phansi.

wokutakula umkhankaso

Khonamanjalo enhle ekudalweni isitayela Roman aqhubeka bachezuke eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu ngesivinini elilodwa milimitha ngonyaka. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili izazi lakhipha isinqumo: uma ungathathi isinyathelo ngokushesha, isakhiwo ehlala ngemuva engamashumi amane noma amashumi amahlanu. Kusukela ngo-1994, lapho zenzeka lonke umkhankaso ukuhlenga lo mbono. Ukuphakama iqophelo lohlangothi at 56,7 amamitha akufaki yini ithuba lokuphinde zasesiteji zangaphandle. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi kulolu hlaka zama konakalisa ukubukeka elale ndalo elihlakaniphile. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi lashona yimbangela "kokuwa umbhoshongo" - ngezizathu. Ngasekupheleni '90s njengoba isilinganiso yesikhashana engxenyeni esenyakatho cap ibekwe ekwakheni Amabha phambili. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa anqande ekwindla ngisho encishisiwe roll isigamu ngezinga elithile. Kodwa lokho akuzange kuwumise abatakuli. Kancane kancane isentimitha, abahlome ezithambile ubumba nenhlabathi eningizimu futhi esikhundleni sawo esiqinile. Ngenxa yalokho yalezizifundo, kuphela yaphela ngonyaka 2010, emthambekeni Ukuncika Tower kwehle kusuka 5 ° 30 '(ngo-1990) anamuhla 3 ° 54'. Umphakathi jikelele, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi lesikhumbuzo bokwakha ayisekho noma "ukuwa".

Ubuhle Campanile

Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zikhona izakhiwo eziningi nge emthambekeni kuyabonakala emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, degree of enyakazayo asendulo isonto Gothic Zuurhuzen e East Friesland (eJalimane) ngu degrees 1.22 aminingi ukudlula iqophelo lohlangothi. Futhi kulesi senzakalo esontweni German eseke wangena Guinness Book. Kodwa iqophelo lohlangothi, ogama isithombe Sekuyisikhathi eside "litshwayo" komuzi, futhi ngendlela emangalisayo enhle. It uJesu wazalwa isilinda eziyize eyenziwe ngetshe. Carrara zemabula yemibala emibili - omhlophe kanye grey - kwenza kube uthanda emchilweni. izihloko Classic Okuthwesa umqhele emphemeni side phasi. Zonke okwalandela eziyizitezi eziyisithupha ahlotshiswe zokudlala nenhle nemipheme. Tympanum phezu emnyango is amaHubo bugcizelelwa esiveza we Madonna and Child umsiki Andrea Guardi.