Kuyini ihluzo ikhadi sekhompyutha

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-web zingatholakala umbuzo "yini ikhadi ihluzo." Nokho, Nakuba kubonakala kuyinto engasho lutho, umuntu isinqumo ukuqonda ewufanele nenhlonipho, njengoba ufuna ukuqonda lo idivayisi ye-computer.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umsebenzi wonke amadivayisi Computing esekelwe ukumelwa kanambambili ulwazi. Ngubani owake wabona ekulandelaneni amaqanda nabathandekayo etholakala ephepheni noma kuyi-computer, uyazi ukuthi kukhona ukuqonda ukuthi into cishe kungenakwenzeka. Lokhu kuchazwe kalula, ngoba zonke lezi izibalo - uhlobo micro-ops ngoba transistors. Uyini maqondana okungenhla, umbuzo ukuthi ihluzo ikhadi? Direct! Lokho esikubonayo esikrinini kuyinto yangaphakathi computer digital idatha ukusakaza ibe abalingisi liyabonakala. Inkinga yale ukuguqulwa nje enikezwa ikhadi vidiyo.

Ake uchaze ukuthi umqondo welithi "yini ikhadi ihluzo." adaptha Ukugunda (ihluzo ikhadi) - idivayisi yakhelwe ukubonisa ihluzo ku esibukweni (uyofana nendlela le mikhondo iphrinta ephepheni). Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke idatha digital, futhi ngendlela ethile okulungiselelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uzama ukubonisa ukusakaza digital kanzima imiyalo disk nge isiqophi ke akwenzeki lutho. Yonke idatha sangaphakathi pre-ezihlelwa CPU ngayinye idivayisi target: abayibonisa ikheli le ibhasi kuboniswa nokunye.

Kodwa zonke lezi zindlela osekukhulunywe usebenza kuphela ingxenye software, Ngakho-ke, uma ucabangela ngakho eyodwa emaceleni, singeke sikwazi ukuphendula ngokuningiliziwe yombuzo "yini ikhadi ihluzo." Emzimbeni, kuba ibhodi ukunwetshwa ukuthi plugs esokhethini esihambisanayo (slot) we umbadlana (mainboard). Cishe zonke yesimanje isiqophi adapters zenzelwe lo PCI Express.

Izingxenye abalandelayo ebhodini: a ihluzo processor, isilawuli, inkumbulo isiqophi ikhadi (RAM ROM), ibhasi Isixhumi kanye okukhipha isixhumi, i-DAC, ukupholisa uhlelo, ohambisana izakhi. Kwezinye onobuhle, uhlu kungenziwa enwetshiwe nge izingxenye ezengeziwe.

isiqophi nemingcele basuke ikakhulu kunqunywa olungisiwe processor ingcaca. wamanje zokukhiqiza idili izinkampani zabo ezimbili - AMD (ATI), kanye NVIDIA. I share ezinye ezincane, nakuba Intel owaziwa nayo kuzanywa ukuthola isabelo sabo emakethe.

ihluzo processor (i-GPU) iye ukudala umfanekiso eyanikezwa isicelo. Isibalo transistors lidlula lesi sibalo e wokugaya emaphakathi, lapho kuyinkomba kokusebenza kwalo okungenakuqhathaniswa. By endleleni, lokhu kungani abaningi ungathola izinhlelo ezikhethekile ukuthi ukwenza izibalo ku-GPU. Yebo, futhi udlala izicelo ngokusebenzisa amathuba (PhysX, DirectCompute) kudala wafunda ukusebenzisa imithombo yayo ngoba izibalo, non-imaging.

Isilawuli lizobheka nokuxhumana inkumbulo kanye amabhasi ngaphakathi kanye nabangaphandle. Bit kancane ibhasi yangaphakathi - ke uyisihluthulelo yesibili ngemva ukubaluleka kokusebenza GPU. Manje basakaza onobuhle kusuka 64, 128, 256 noma ngaphezulu izingcezu. Zuza ezingaphansi kuka-128 is hhayi Kunconywa.

Imemori ekhadini ihluzo iyadingeka ukuze izinqubo zokulondoloza kwezithombe adalwe GPU, ukuqondisa okukhipha esikrinini. Libhekene uhlobo chips efakwe (DDR - GDDR5) nomthamo. I izixazululo esheshayo ihambisane GDDR5. imidlalo Modern adinga okungenani 512 MB ivolumu (kuncike izilungiselelo).

Ikhadi ngalinye, njengoba sekushiwo, yakhelwe ithayi ethize. Manje kabanzi PCI Express 16. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona PCI, kodwa ephakeme izindleko. Eminyakeni ethile edlule, amakhompyutha, waba ngukumkani ibhasi AGP, kodwa Intel, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, esikhathini yokuqeda ke.

O Isixhumi ichaza i esibonakalayo ngawo ungathumela isibonakaliso qapha. Eziningi kuzo: yisikhathi D-SUB, DVI digital, i-HDMI yesimanje, yembobo yokubonisa, nokunye.

Ngezinye izikhathi ikhadi ihluzo liyingxenye CPU, kulesi simo, lisebenzisa kwimemori yohlelo, kanti isixhumi okukhipha is soldered phezu umbadlana. Ukusebenza kwalezi izixazululo unikeza nozakwabo zangaphandle.