Kuyini transpiration? Izici amanzi ukusetshenziswa izitshalo

Inqubo amanzi ukusetshenziswa emzimbeni isitshalo esekelwe ukuhwamuka. Nokho, it is nzima eziningana izici yokwakheka bokuphila izitshalo.

Kuyini transpiration?

Umthamo wamanzi ukuthi iyasha isitshalo, izikhathi eziningi ephakeme kunaleyo lemali eziqukethwe isiko. Ngo umkhuba yesimanje yezolimo, umbuzo kwezindleko ukonga umswakama ingenye kunazo ukuphokophela. Ngokusho K. A. Timiryazeva, inqubo transpiration yaphelela kuyinto evamile bokuphila umonakalo. Eqinisweni, it is hhayi kubhekwe kunesidingo simila. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isiko esekhulile ngaphansi umswakama ongaphakeme kanye eliphezulu, esimweni sokuqala, transpiration (ukuhwamuka) kuyinto babubukhulu ngokwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhula kwezitshalo kuyafana noma kangcono ngisho esimweni sesibili.

Transpiration: Inani

Ngokwezinga elithile, kuyasiza simila. Echaza lokho transpiration, kuzomele uqale ukumaka umsebenzi olwawuvikele. Ukuhwamuka kusiza ukuvikela izitshalo ezivela okweqile ngaphansi imisebe eqondile kwelanga. Ngokwesibonelo, umehluko lokushisa amaqabunga, besekela umswakama kanye besekela angase ehla enyuka phakathi 7 degrees. Lokhu kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ebilayo iqala ukubhujiswa chloroplast. Lokhu, kubambezela-photosynthesis. Amazinga elikhulu ungaphakathi uhla 30-33 degrees kuso. Ngakho, yini transpiration? Lokhu ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo, siyivumele ukuba ukubekezelela kahle okushisa aphakeme.

Le nqubekela phambili ukuhamba kwamanzi

Echaza lokho transpiration okungukuthi, kufanele sinake komunye impahla yayo omuhle. Lokho kwenza ukuhamba okuqhubekayo lamanzi kusukela empandeni kuya amahlamvu. It uxhuma kuzo zonke izingxenye izitshalo zibe munye. Ndawonye compounds amaminerali kanye we izinto eziphilayo sishukumiseleka kanye izidumbu isiko umswakama. Bazolokhu yinqubo transpiration, ngokushesha they nyakazo. Ezinye compounds kungenzeka busuka amaseli ngendlela yekwentiwa. Transpiration, ukukhuluma kancane, kuyinto namafutha ekuletheni izinto.

ngezigaba

Njengoba kucaciswe ukuthi transpiration, ungakwazi uqhubekele Ukucabangela zinhlobo zayo. Ngo isayensi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama ngakho. Transpiration kungaba stomatal futhi cuticular. Esimweni sokuqala le ukuhwamuka Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa stomata, kwesibili - ne bonke ubuso ishidi. Lokhu umehluko kokuqala kwenziwa e 1877. Qiniseka ukuthi transpiration akuyona kuphela ngokusebenzisa stomata, kungaba ulula. Ngokwesibonelo, ungathatha amaqabunga apula. Kulezi stomata kuphela kusuka phansi. Lokhu ebusweni kufanele smear Vaseline. Ukuhwamuka izoqhubeka ngokusebenzisa cuticle, kodwa ngezinga elincane.

Ukwakheka stomatal ukuhwamuka

Transpiration kuhlanganisa:

1. Ukuhambisa amanzi kusuka izitsha izindonga xylem cell kanye symplast.
2. Ukuhwamuka e podustichnye ingaphakathi nezikhala intercellular nge ukwanda okusheshayo eminye emoyeni ezungeze ngokusebenzisa umqhewu stomatal.

The ephansi umswakama nesihlobo, amanzi kancane engaba umkhathi ezizungezile. Uma kuwukuthi ngaphansi kuka izimbotshana podustichnyh, ukuhwamuka kuzokwenzeka ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile. WokuLawula transpiration kungaba stomatal futhi vneustichnoy. Eyokuqala Kwenziwa ngokuvula nokuvala pores. Ngezinye ikhava okugcwele transpiration kuyehla cishe 90%.

umfutho

Imvamisa of transpiration nsuku ebonwe izitshalo eziningi. Nokho, izinhlobo ezahlukene kwezitshalo ukusebenza stomata kwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile. Ngo izitshalo umthunzi-ukubekezela, izihlahla, izinhlobo eziningi utshani kanye nezinye izitshalo gidrostabilnyh, okuyinto sici umthethonqubo esiphelele transpiration stomatal, uqala entathakusa. Ukuhwamuka ifinyelela esiphezulu yayo ekuseni. Kwathi kuqambe kuba semini, izinga transpiration kuyehla. ukwanda kwalo siyenzeka futhi kusihlwa nge ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa. ukuhwamuka okunjalo umfutho kubangela ushintsho oluncane diurnal e ingcindezi osmotic futhi umthamo wamanzi emaqabungeni. Ngezinye gidrolabilnyh (kokuba ikhono ukukhuthazelela iyehla iyenyuka abukhali okuqukethwe umswakama ngosuku) kukhona unimodal nge ukuhwamuka isiqongo emini bebade. + Futhi eqinisweni, futhi kwelinye icala, transpiration ebusuku incane noma entula ngokuphelele.