Kuyinsakavukela yamanzi ukusetshenziswa kanye lamanzi anokugcola. Isimiso of edamu lamanzi ukusetshenziswa

Ngaphansi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi libhekisela enqubweni amanzi ukusetshenziswa, umthombo wakhe kukhona izinto zemvelo noma uhlelo amanzi.

ukusetshenziswa amanzi athathwa kulesetayelekile, okusho ukuthi kutholakale umsuka wendaba yesihluku yayo efakwe ngqo ngokohlelo. Lokhu kwenziwa ikhumbula izinga kwemithombo yemvelo. Futhi lezo zindinganiso bavunyelwa ukukhipha amayunithi kwemikhiqizo ezimbonini.

Kungani udinga yokulinganisa?

umsebenzi Its main - ukuqinisekisa emsebenzini ekhaya amavolumu okunjalo kwemithombo yamanzi, okuyinto kuyoba ephumelela kunazo.

Standardization emkhakheni ezibalulekile emphakathini zisekelwe kwezokwakha efanele, amabhizinisi zezimboni for ukuthi ukusebenzisa iziqondiso eziklanyelwe. Kuyini ukuba?

Kujwayeleke wamukela isamba amanzi kudliwe okukhipha (iyunithi yayo), amanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza, kanye lobuchwepheshe. Futhi, cabanga ngamanzi okuyinto kulo mjikelezo futhi circulating. A indle kahle, t. E. Water amapayipi (njengoba opha-umthengi nezezimboni).

Iyiphi idatha ukusetshenziswa snip "Imikhuba yamanzi ukusetshenziswa"

Isisekelo ukulinganisa okunjalo ukuthatha okuthiwa value othize. Kuyini lokhu izinga lamanzi ukusetshenziswa? Lolu Phiko luqondene bulingane nobukhulu kuvunyelwa plan yokutholwa ivolumu aqueous (nge izinga okuhambisanayo) balindzeleke kwekutsi bakhicite iyunithi imikhiqizo ejwayelekile isampula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ukukhiqizwa noma ukusetshenziswa niyaphuza noma izinjongo zezomnotho.

Kumiswa nezindinganiso ezithile uqhutshwa ngokwenza ukusetshenziswa isici zabo by izingxenye isici. Yini sibekwa kubo? Empeleni sikhuluma othize amanzi ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza (per unit) noma umthamo (endaweni) of the ibhizinisi. Izinga efanayo amanzi ukusetshenziswa isitshalo ikhona inqubo ngamunye, okungabandakanya ukuphuza yayo, kanye nezidingo zomnotho.

Enye-ke inani elilinganisiwe ulawula ukulahlekelwa emjikelezweni ukukhiqiza, okuyinto ayinakushintshwa. Kumayelana ukuvuza, ukuhwamuka, umlotha, filtration m. P. Labo theka sasiyisa embonini, futhi cross-cutting umkhakha. Kala izindinganiso ezamukelwayo amayunithi ngokomzimba (amalitha, cubic metres, njll ..).

Mayelana ekwenzeni ukuthuthwa kwendle

Kodwa ochwepheshe banesithakazelo hhayi kuphela izinga lamanzi ukusetshenziswa. It kuvela ukuthi i-akhawunti kuncike kanye nenqubo okuphambene. Amanzi uhlelo, ie ukudedelwa kwamanzi, yinqubo nokususa udoti ngaphandle kwezindawo okwakuqhutshelwa kuzo ukusetshenziswa eyinhloko umthombo (inkampani, indawo). basuke isuswe ku imithombo yemvelo noma idluliselwe ngoba impatho izinhlangano ezikhethekile.

Ngaphansi kwamazinga zohlelo lokukhuculula indle baqonda okuhleliwe inani elikhulu lamanzi anokugcola, futhi wathola per unit kwezintathu zomkhiqizo. ngaleyo ndlela Water ingase ibhekisele omunye ezimbili degrees ukungcoliswa - ngokwemibandela (normative) yokuhlanza ehlanzekile ezidinga.

Ngenxa ngcono njalo ubuchwepheshe yamanzi ukusetshenziswa futhi amanzi angcolile amazinga ibuyekezwa njalo saziso eminyakeni emihlanu. Ukubala nabo ngqo ekukhiqizeni lapho ukwamukela mathupha.

Kanjani ukuba acabangele izinga amanzi

Izimfuneko izinga kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo amanzi okuphuza izinhlelo amanzi eyodwa ebekwe emakhasini SanPiN, owanyatheliswa ngo-2001

amanzi Inqubo lihlukaniswa 4 imikhakha ehlukene nezimfuneko zabo ngamunye.

Mina - a CHP amanzi Isibandisi, zenuzi, njll ukukhipha khona kwezinto eziqinile, ukuqina nolaka ... Effluents manzi ayidingi ukuba zihlanzwe, kodwa kungase kube kushisa.

II - amanzi ukugeza imikhiqizo, indaba emaphaketheni. Namadreni kuthiwa ongcolile.

III - Water-izinto (imikhiqizo ukudla embonini yezokwakha, njll ...).

IV - amanzi ukusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Uma sicabangela lobu buchwepheshe ngokwahlukana ukukhiqiza the ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI pick up ngenkathi ukunciphisa umonakalo kwezemvelo.

Kuyini umkhawulo amanzi ukusetshenziswa

It sithathwa umphumela ukubala, saliphi izinga lamanzi ukusetshenziswa, inani ukuphuza amanzi lwezobuchwepheshe isitshalo ngasinye ngokuvumelana nemibandela zokukhiqiza, ukulahlekelwa kuhlelwe, uhlelo nokongiwa nsiza.

Umkhawulo libhekisela inani consumable anokungcola anokungcola ethunyelwe into yemvelo, unikezwa isimo salo, futhi Ukucaciswa ejwayelekile.

Zombili lezi imikhawulo, kubalwa kanye ezithathwe ngokuqondile kwinkampani kumele zigunyazwe ejensi yekuphatfwa kwemanti. Thatha kubo ngokuvamile unyaka owodwa, kodwa nesimo esinzima kwemithombo yamanzi - nyangazonke noma ngisho nsuku zonke.

Amanzi wemboni yasekhaya

Ukuhlinzekwa amanzi okuphuza lalolo - ndaba ebaluleke kakhulu ukubaluleka kazwelonke, omunye imisebenzi yokuqala iziphathimandla kwanoma iyiphi zokuhlala. In the ukungabikho kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile ukuze kweso ziyaphuma isifo - kuze kubhubhane. Izwe namanje egcwele izindawo lapho ukufinyelela amanzi izinga eyamukelekayo - uphawu lokunethezeka.

Ezweni lethu, i-Code lezinto ezibekwe eqhulwini wamemezela amanzi zomphakathi Amanzi. Okokuqala, kungakhathaliseki izimo, inani labantu kufanele inikezwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Okuphakelayo akufanele kube ngezansi kwezinga-97% (lokhu kusho ukuthi abathathu kuphela izinsuku ekhulwini avunyelwe ukuntuleka kwamanzi).

Yiqiniso, kule ndawo has izinga lalo yamanzi ukusetshenziswa. Ukuhlela amanzi yasekhaya ngaleyo ndlela kanje.

amanzi yaseNdlunkulu isuswe 56%, izakhiwo zomphakathi - 17%, umkhakha - 16%. Zonke ezinye uya nezinye izinjongo (umlilo - 3%, idolobha - imithombo, ukuthambisa, njll - .. 1%, bonke abanye okufanayo).

Amanzi injongo ahlanzekile kasisekho amaphesenti ezilandelayo: ukuba baphuze bese yokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokudla (ukudla ukupheka) - 30%, okugeza - 10%, ukusetshenziswa zokugeza - 30%, ethoyilethi siwasebenzise emthonjeni - 30%.

amanzi ukusetshenziswa amazinga - usuku emzini omkhulu

Izakhamuzi emadolobheni amakhulu kuzo zonke izidingo uhlamvu yasekhaya nezomphakathi kunikezwa kuze kufinyelele 600 l / usuku amanzi. Lona izinga lamanzi ukusetshenziswa ngomuntu ngamunye. Isakhiwo ukusetshenziswa kwalo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- ngezidingo siqu - 200 l;

- ku Tinsita - 100 l;

- ukuze alondoloze ubumsulwa edolobheni - 100 l;

- amabhizinisi endawo - 200 l.

Ukuze amanzi ukunikezela ezifuywayo libhekene kanje.

izinga Water kufanele kube eliphezulu kakhulu kokubili izakhiwo ngokomzimba (umbala, ukuzwakala, ukunambitheka, amaphunga) namakhemikhali (ubulukhuni, usawoti, asidi, ukubunjwa ukungcola) uhlamvu.

Lokhu kusebenza futhi okuqukethwe izinto eziningi eziphilayo emisebeni normable izinhlayiya enemisebe, Ukwakheka virus. Amanzi okuphuza akufanele kube izimuncagazi, amagciwane, amagciwane abangela izifo.

Amanzi engcono

namazinga izinga (owokuqala ezweni lethu kungokwalabo 1937) unyaka nonyaka bathambekele lukhuni.

Siyini isizathu? Isayensi akemi namanje, njalo ngonyaka zikhona izinto ezitja umthelela umuntu izinto ezithile. Ngakho, izimfuneko izinga lamanzi ukubunjwa ukubuye zibukezwe.

okuqukethwe Kuhle - at amanzi interstratal Artesian ezibhekwa evikelwe kakhulu ekungcolisweni. Kancane sibi - phansi, elele akuyona njengoba ejulile njengoba efanelekayo okungenani amanzi amanzi supply ebusweni.

Ukuze ihambisane namazinga izinga lamanzi, it is ngaphansi filtration, coagulation (kwezulu amanyela), chlorination, kususwe isingeniso engadingeki amanyela efanele.

Non-ukufana ukusetshenziswa

Enye impahla amanzi ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni izindlu - nhlanganisela ukufana isihlobo yamanzi ukusetshenziswa unyaka wonke nge bokungafani nsuku zonke. Uma iphesenti iyehla iyenyuka ezithile zonyaka - akukho kuka 15-20, umehluko ngosuku ngaphezulu (mayelana 70% amanzi esisichitha emini). Ngakho ekhethekile-non-ukufana Coefficient athuthukile (ngehora futhi nsuku zonke). Siyabonga kuye, acabangele ekushintshashintsheni amanzi ukusetshenziswa ngu ihora nenyanga, edingekayo lapho ukuklama ompompi. Phela, umsebenzi wabo - ukulethela yibhange ngisho iphezulu amanzi ukusetshenziswa mode.