Model: izinhlobo onobuhle, umqondo kanye nencazelo

Wonke umuntu yesimanje ubhekene nsuku zonke nge imiqondo "into" futhi "isibonelo," ngokwezwi. T ibonelo zimi izinto, kufinyeleleke uthinte (incwadi, phansi, itafula, ipeni, ipeniseli) kanye ezingafinyeleleki (izinkanyezi, isibhakabhaka, emkhathini), izinjongo lokusungula ngobungcweti umsebenzi bokusungula (indzaba, inkondlo, ikhambi, imidwebo, umculo kanye abanye). into ngayinye uyindoda beqonda sisonke kuphela.

Into. Species. izici

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, omunye singaphetha ngokuthi into kuyinto ingxenye yezwe zangaphandle, ukuthi kungenziwa waqonda iyonke. Ingxenye ngayinye ine bezibona ayo ngalinye izici ukuthi ukuhlukanisa kusuka kwamanye (ifomu, ububanzi bokusebenzisa, umbala, iphunga, ubukhulu nokunye). Isici esibaluleke kakhulu into yigama, kodwa igama akwanele incazelo ephelele izinga layo. I ngokugcwele futhi ngokuningiliziwe kuchazwe into, kuba lula inqubo nikuqaphela.

Model. Incazelo. ngezigaba

Emisebenzini yayo (imfundo, isayensi, kwezobuciko, zobuchwepheshe) abantu ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke ezikhona futhi udale onobuhle ezintsha zezwe ngaphandle. Bavumela ukuthi uzakhela izinqubo kanye izinto ukuthi kukhona ezingafinyeleleki endleleni eqondile (encane kakhulu noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhulu kakhulu, kancane kakhulu noma fast kakhulu, kude kakhulu, njalo njalo).

Ngakho, imodeli - uyinto eveza izici ezibaluleke kakhulu lomkhuba ngaphansi cwaningo, into noma inqubo. Kungase kube ukuhlukahluka eziningana amamodeli we into efanayo, kanye izinto eziningana lingachazwa ngumuntu imodeli owodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuphakama isimo esifanayo e-Mechanics, lapho ezahlukene kusukela impahla igobolondo umzimba ungaboniswa njengoba amaphuzu impahla, okungukuthi uhlobo olufanayo (indoda, imoto, isitimela, indiza).

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abukho imodeli olulodwa akakwazi esikhundleni ngokugcwele into isithombe njengoba nje ubonisa ezinye izakhiwo zalo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ikhambi izinkinga ezithile e ezahlukene Amathrendi kuyisayensi nakwezezimboni incazelo ukubukeka imodeli abakwazi kuphela wusizo, kodwa kuphela ngethuba uphinde uhlole onezimfanelo into.

Ububanzi ukumodeliswa izinto

Amamodeli zidlala indima ebalulekile amazinga kahulumeni ahlukahlukene ukuphila komuntu: e isayense, imfundo, commerce, ubunjiniyela, kanye nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa design kungenzeka nasemhlanganweni imishini yezobuchwepheshe, imishini, izifunda kagesi, imishini, amabhilidi nokunye, njengoba ngaphandle izibalo kwangaphambilini nokwakha ukukhululwa umdwebo ngisho imininingwane elula engenakwenzeka.

onobuhle avame ukusetshenziswa ngezinjongo zokufundisa. Zibizwa ngokuthi ezibukwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbono yendlela esimi ngayo uMhlaba njengemvula iplanethi umuntu uthola, ukutadisha wonke. Futhi efanele kukhona onobuhle ezibukwayo isayensi ethile komunye umkhakha (i-chemistry, i-physics, izibalo, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezinye).

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, imodeli ezincwadini funa Ukutadisha yemvelo futhi ngqo wesayensi (biology, i-chemistry, i-physics, i-geometry). Zibonisa izakhiwo, ukuziphatha kanye nesakhiwo izinto obala ucwaningo.

Ukumodela njengoba inqubo

Modeling - indlela cognition, kuhlanganise nesifundo ekhona futhi ukudalwa onobuhle ezintsha. Isihloko ulwazi kwale sayensi uyisibonelo. Izinhlobo amamodeli zibalwa ngokwendlela properties ahlukahlukene. Njengoba yaziwa, into ngayinye has a sebuningini izici. Uma udala locingo ivelele kuphela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxazulula le nkinga.

Inqubo yokudala onobuhle iyona lokusungula kwezobuciko ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo. Kule ndaba, wonke umsebenzi wobuciko noma etemibhalo cishe kungabonwa isibonelo into yangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, imidwebo lezi zimo zezulu zokuzenzela ebukeka Okuyınqo, namanje Lifes, abantu, imisebenzi ebhaliwe - onobuhle yokuphila komuntu nokunye. Ngokwesibonelo, uma udala imodeli indiza ukuze sihlole izimfanelo zalo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza kubalulekile ukubonisa properties Jomethri ye yoqobo, kodwa kuba ngokuphelele ngeke umbala ezibalulekile.

Izinhloso efanayo wesayensi ahlukahlukene kufundvwe kusukela timvo letehlukene, futhi izinhlobo yabo ehlukene onobuhle isifundo beyoba ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-physics etadisha izinqubo kanye imiphumela nokuxhumana lezinto, i-chemistry - i-chemistry, i-biology - ukuziphatha kanye nesakhiwo eziphilayo.

Model isihlobo isikhathi isici

Ngokuhlobene nesikhathi imodeli ihlukaniswe ezimbili izinhlobo: static kanye ashukumisayo. Isibonelo uhlobo sokuqala wesikhathi esisodwa luhlolo womuntu emtholampilo. Libonisa isithombe isimo sakhe sempilo okwamanje, kanti ikhadi lakhe lezempilo kuyoba model ashukumisayo, okutshengisa izinguquko ezenzeka emzimbeni isikhathi esithile.

Model. Izinhlobo onobuhle kwifomu

Njengoba kusobala imodeli buyehluka kuye nezakhi ezihlukene. Ngakho, zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo okwamanje imifanekiso idatha kungenziwa yizigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: okokusebenza (isihloko), kanye nolwazi.

Uhlobo lokuqala okuhambisa a izakhiwo ngokomzimba, yejeyomethri nezinye lezinto ifomu eziphathekayo (moulage yokwakheka, imbulunga, isakhiwo isakhiwo nokunye).

Izinhlobo zolwazi onobuhle kuhluke ngesimo Ukuqaphela: angokomfanekiso ongokomfanekiso. imodeli Shaped (izithombe, imidwebo, njll) yilezi ukugcwaliseka ezibukwayo into, ngesikhathi esithile abezindaba fixed (izithombe, amafilimu, iphepha noma digital). Basuke kabanzi inqubo yemfundo (amaphosta), isifundo wesayensi ehlukahlukene (wezitshalo, biology, i-paleontology nesayensi abanye). imodeli yisakhiwo sodumo - kungaba ukuqala Okuqondiwe njengezifanekiselo ulimi Izinhlelo ezaziwayo. Abakwazi zethulwe ngendlela amafomula, umbhalo, amatafula, amashadi, kanjalonjalo. Kukhona amacala lapho, udala imodeli ongokomfanekiso (izinhlobo onobuhle adlulisa ngqo okuqukethwe ofuna ukufunda izici ezithile zomkhathi lapho into), usebenzisa izilimi eziningana owaziwa. Isibonelo kulokhu kukhona amagrafu ahlukahlukene, emashadi, emabalave, nokunye okunjalo, ezisetshenziswa njengoba ihluzo simo nebalingisi bendzaba izinhlelo ulimi.

Ngenjongo ubika ulwazi babevela ezihlukahlukene zokuphila zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo kolwazi onobuhle: inethiwekhi, phezulu kanye tabular. Kule midlalo, ethandwa kakhulu nguye ogcine ukulungisa ezihlukahlukene zithi izinto nedatha alandisa.

Tabular imodeli ukuqaliswa

Lolu hlobo lwe-imodeli ulwazi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iyona evelele kunazo zonke. Kubukeka kanje: kuvamile, ehlanganisa imigqa namakholomu kwethebula amakholomu unxande zazo zigcwele Amatshwayo omunye izilimi ezidumile yisakhiwo sodumo. Sebenzisa imodeli tabular izici izinto kufanele ezifanayo kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngosizo lwabo, emikhakheni ehlukene kwezesayensi kungadalwa zombili onobuhle ashukumisayo futhi static. Ngokwesibonelo, itafula equkethe imisebenzi zezibalo, nedatha ahlukahlukene kwezibalo, isitimela amasheduli, nokunye.

imodeli Mathematical. izinhlobo onobuhle

Hlukanisa inani zinhlobo model zezibalo. Zonke izinhlobo onobuhle zezibalo ngokuvamile aqukethe zibalo, lilotshwe ngolimi oluhle algebra. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile esekelwe yokusesha okulingana kugucuka ukuthi lula ukubonakaliswa okuguquguqukayo ifomula. Kukhona futhi ezinye zibalo kanye nezixazululo ngqo (isikwele, komugqa, Trigonometric, nokunye). Ngenxa yalokho, izinqumo zabo ukusebenzisa izindlela izisombululo eseduze ngokunemba unikezwa, ngamanye amazwi, lezi izinhlobo zedatha zezibalo, kokubili zezinombolo (bisection indlela), ihluzo (itulo) nabanye. Bisection indlela kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi ingxenye yaziwa, lapho umsebenzi namagugu athile empandeni kwesibalo ithatha amagugu polar.

Indlela yokwakha isimiso esinobunye. Ingasetshenziselwa njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni engenhla, futhi esimweni lapho isinqumo kungaba eseduze, hhayi umthwalo, esimweni okuthiwa "anolaka" ukuxazulula zibalo.