Natalia Goncharova - umculi biography nesithombe

Natalia Goncharova - umdwebi abstract, okuyinto impela ezingavamile zesifazane avant-garde art. ukuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi ibonisa ngokucacile izitayela ekukhuleni komphakathi namasiko kwekhulu lama-20. imidwebo yakhe manje kuwufanele imali eningi, kodwa ngesikhathi yena washushiswa bagxekwa umbono wabo ethile yezwe.

Ebuntwaneni nemvelaphi

Natalia Goncharova wazalelwa June 4, 1881 edolobhaneni Ladyzhino Tula esifundeni ifa ugogo wakhe, owayengekho kude Yasnaya Polyana. Natalia zoyise iya ubunjalo Goncharova, kwafika umfazi Pushkin kusuka, umculi namesake Natalia Goncharova. uhlobo lwe lawo livela kwelithi umthengisi Athanasius Abramovich - umsunguli ifektri nelineni ku Kaluga esifundeni. wafika ugogo kaNatalia evela emndenini sezibalo owaziwa P. Chebyshev.

Uyise umculi Sergei Mikhailovich kwaba wezakhiwo, ummeleli eMoscow Art Nouveau. Umama Catherine Ilinichna - indodakazi uprofesa eMoscow Theological Academy. Ebuntwaneni wayechitha ubuphansi esifundazweni, futhi kuze kube phakade wagxilisa kwakhe uthando wokuphila yasemakhaya. Imininingwane nge Folk art washiya uphawu e Umbono wakhe emhlabeni, futhi yilokho art Izazimlando lo mphumela zokuhlobisa yomsebenzi wakhe. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-10 ubudala, umkhaya wathuthela eMoscow.

yokufunda

Lapho befika e Moscow, Natalya Goncharova, umculi esikhathini esizayo, ingena sokuzivocavoca yabesifazane, okuyinto kokubili lathweswa iziqu ngo-1898 nge nayo lendondo yesiliva. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amantombazane babe nokuthambekela undoubted ukudweba, ke akubhekwa sína intsha ithuba lokuba umculi. Ngemva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni, ayekufuna yena wazama ukusebenza imithi, wazama ukuya eyunivesithi, kodwa akuyona ukuba bazibandakanye. Ngo-1900, waba nesithakazelo kakhulu kwezobuciko, futhi kamuva ngonyaka wangena School BaseMoscow Painting e ekilasini ebaziwe S. Volnukhin futhi Trubetskoy.

Isifundo wanikwa wakhe kahle ngo-1904 waze wathola indondo encane esiliva umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa kungakabiphi waqala esikoleni. Ngo-1903 waya ebhizinisini uhambo lokusukela eCrimea Tiraspol, okuyinto wathola umdwebo amaphosta for embukisweni kwezolimo, kanye wabhala imidwebo watercolors ngesitayela impressionistic.

Umdwebi Mikhail Larionov wamtshela hhayi ukuchitha isikhathi ebaziwe nokudweba ukwenza, "Vula amehlo akho ukuba amehlo akho. Une ukuhlukanisa umbala yakha eniwenzayo ", - esho. Umhlangano no-Larionov usushintshile ukuphila kwakhe kanye nezinhloso, uqala ukubhala okuningi futhi uthole isitayela sakho siqu.

Ngo-1904 Goncharova mazibuyiselwe esikoleni, kodwa ungena studio Umdwebo uKonstantin Korovin. Umfanekiso obunjiwe intombazane akakalilahli, futhi ngo-1907 wathola esinye indondo. Ngo-1909, Natalia ekugcineni enquma ukuyeka izifundo zakhe, sihlola izindawo okwakubulawelwa kuzo phambi nezinye khathizwe.

imishayo

Bekanye Mihailom Larionovym Natalia Goncharova, umculi biography manje kuze kube phakade elihlobene ne-art entsha in the 1910s okuqala, waba umsunguli Amathrendi avant-garde in umdwebo - Rayonism. Kuye ngokuthi sokubuyela umsuka primordial yobuciko lasendulo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi enamathiselwe isigqi folk enikeza ukufinyelela inkumbulo yomuntu zomlando uvuse umcabango kwezobuciko.

Man, ngokuvumelana Goncharova futhi Larionov, ubona umhlaba njengeluchungechunge lwemishayo intersecting, futhi umsebenzi umculi ukuze adlulisele lokhu umbono ngosizo imigqa ezinemibala. Early usebenza Goncharova babe egqamile kakhulu futhi ekhululekile. It is hhayi kuphela benamandla umqondo Rayonism, kodwa futhi wayefuna imibono emisha, okuyizinto ke egcwele isiko.

umlando wokudala

Kusukela ngo-1906, Natalia Goncharova, umculi, izithombe imisebenzi kuyabonakala namuhla ezinhlwini zamakhulu eminyuziyamu ehlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni, uqala ukubhala uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela okukhulu. Ukuvakashela esijana eParis, lapho yena laphefumulelwa imisebenzi Fauves noPawulu Gauguin, imuphoqe ukuhambisa kude Impressionism futhi bebaqaphelisa izitayela ezintsha. umculi addicting wazama primitivism yakhe ( "Geza ngendwangu," ka-1910), cubism ( "i-Portrait of Mikhail Larionov," 1913), i-Abstraction.

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, a baxgeki ngeke bathi ezinjalo-Simoni akazange amvumele ukuba ukuthuthukisa amandla ithalente lakhe. Kulokhu, it iyakhiqiza impela futhi esebenzayo. Kusukela ngo-1908 kuya 1911 unikeza izifundo yangasese art studio ka umdwebi Mashkov. Natalia ibuye ebuyela kwezobuciko okuhlobisa: ubhala amaphetheni isithombe sangemuva, friezes udonsa amakhaya. Umdwebi uhlanganyela emsebenzini we Futurists Society, ngekubambisana ne-V Khlebnikov futhi Kruchenykh.

Ngo-1913 Goncharova likhishwa e ifilimu zokuhlola "Lady ku Futurists cabaret №13», tape is engafakwanga. On the onguyena kuphela osaphila, yesehlakalo nude ethumba Goncharova ezandleni M. Larionov. Ngo-1914 waphinde wavakashela e-Paris ngokumenywa Sergei Diaghilev. Ngo-1915, umdwebi ebhekene nobunzima obukhulu ka ukucwaninga. Ngo-1916 wathola ithuba lokwenza Umdwebo yebandla eBessarabia, kodwa lezi kwahlelwa iphazanyiswe empini.

Sikhungo umsebenzi

Esikhathini 1910s Goncharova okuningi obala, emisebenzini imiphakathi kwezobuciko. Ngo-1911 yena kanye M. Larionov uhlela kwami embukisweni othi "Jack Diamonds" ngo-1912 - "Tail Imbongolo sika" futhi "Salon iGolden Fleece," "Izwe Art", "Okuqondiwe", "№4". Umdwebi wawuyingxenye inkampani Munich "Blue Rider". Goncharov elinezikhonzi asekelwe izenzo eziningi futhi imizamo eyenziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Kanye Futurists, wahamba mayelana Petersburg ngobuso zaveza, kumafilimu yabo. Cishe zonke lezi zenzakalo, kuhlanganise nemibukiso, yaphela ngo scandal futhi ubize amaphoyisa.

Ngo-1914 baba nomhlangano umbukiso omkhulu solo imisebenzi by Goncharova, lapho 762 imidwebo yafakwa embukisweni. Kodwa futhi okungazange kube okungenamiphumela ngayo scandal: umsebenzi likhishwa ngamacala yokuziphatha okubi okuthukayo ukunambitheka umphakathi.

Isizathu sokuba izigameko ezifana ezenzakalweni avant-garde kwakuvame Natalia Goncharova, umculi, embukisweni lapho sokugcina eRussia ngo-1915. Ngemva kwalokho Russia nimbone nemibukiso siqu walo mculi yasekuqaleni.

Imingcele nemikhawulo

Ngo-1910 embukisweni-Society of Mahhala Aesthetics Natalia Goncharova, umculi, omsebenzi wakhe esikhathini esidlule ngokuphindiwe kwaziwa njengoba ihlanganyela ekuziphatheni okubi ngokobulili, sibonisa izithombe eziningana abesifazane abanqunu emoyeni Venus imifanekiso. Imisebenzi baboshwa ngamacala wezithombe ezingcolile, okungase kwakuvamile ukuba naleyo nkathi Tsarist eRussia, lapho imisebenzi yobuciko awekho ngaphansi ukucwaninga. Ngemva komunye scandal uyise kaNatalia wabhala nencwadi evulekile kwephephandaba, lapho baxgeki uhlambalaze ukuthi abazange babone umoya ophilayo lokusungula ngemisebenzi indodakazi yakhe.

Ngo-1912, lo mbukiso adumile "Tail Imbongolo sika" Natalia Goncharova, umculi anabo kwalwela idumela avangardistki, udalula umjikelezo 4 imidwebo "Evangelist." Lo msebenzi uye wabangela ukufutheka phakathi censors yakhe izithombe eziwubala yabangcwele. Ngo-1914, Umbukiso solo umdwebi zisusiwe 22 umsebenzi, khona-ke censors ngisho lethulwa ezithebeni zenkantolo, wamangalelwa ngokuthi uyahlambalaza phezu Goncharov izindawo zokukhulekela. Ngemva kwakhe wema abaculi abaningi bangaleso sikhathi: UTolstoy, M. Dobuzhinsky, N. Wrangel. Ngenxa ummeli M. Khodasevich cala iwine, censored kukhanselwe. Goncharov wakhononda abangane ukuthi akaqondanga ukuthi kuqhutshwa ukuba nokholo lweqiniso kuNkulunkulu.

Goncharova - lochaza

Natalia Goncharova - umculi ubani ewumlutha ukubonakaliswa ezahlukene. ubungane bakhe ne Futurists baholela ukubhuka ihluzo. Ngo-1912, yena yakhelwe amabhuku Kruchenykh futhi Khlebnikov "Mirskontsa», «I Game Esihogweni." Ngo-1913 - umsebenzi Kruchenykh "Vzorval", "Hermit. Pustynnitsy "futhi iqoqo" uZadoki amajaji №2 amabhuku »K. Bolshakov. Goncharova eyodwa yencwadi illustrators wokuqala eYurophu ukusebenzisa inqubo ikholaji. Ngo eminye yemisebenzi yakhe, kusobala ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo nabantu izincwadi.

Ngokwesibonelo, incwadi Kruchenykh "Izinkondlo ezimbili," ikhasi eziyisikhombisa-14 imidwebo posted ukuthi ngendlela efanayo njengoba umbono umsebenzi, kanye namazwi. Kamuva, vele phesheya Goncharova kudala imifanekiso "Beka" ngoba umshicileli German for "Tale of Tsar Saltan".

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngo-1915 Goncharova Natalya Sergeevna (avant-garde umculi), kanye nokuphila umngane wakhe M. Larionov waya eParis lapho afike asebenza yemidlalo Sergeya Dyagileva. Emuva e-Russia wavimba inguquko. Akha engxenyeni Latin esijana eParis, lapho ikhethelo ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian wavakashela.

EFrance, umzalwane ambalwa organically wajoyina kwesiyingi Bohemians wendawo. Abantu abasha ihlelwe esiza abantulayo amabhola ngoba abadwebi imfundamakhwela. Indlu Goncharova, Larionov kwaba isivakashi njalo UNikolai Gumilyov, kamuva, Marina Tsvetaeva, obani ababa abangane obuseduze Nataley Sergeevnoy.

Goncharova kanzima ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa, kodwa ukuqhuma enjalo babenamasu-yalolucwaningo 10, eRussia akuseyona obhekana nazo. Nakuba kuye nowe "Peacocks", "Magnolia", "izimbali olunameva" ukukhuluma ngaye njengoba abaculi ovuthiwe futhi abasafufusa.

umsebenzi yaseshashalazini

Natalia Goncharova - umculi, netiyetha okuyiwona kwaba ubizo yangempela. Useke wasebenza Alexander Tairov ngesikhathi Chamber Theatre lapho kuvezwa "Veer". Lo msebenzi kuyancomeka V Meyerhold. Futhi kule-yalolucwaningo 10, uqala ukusebenza Diaghilev, okwenza out enkulumweni yakhe, "Izinkathi Russian". In Paris, yena usebenza nge-ballet "I Firebird", "Spain", "The Wedding." Goncharov uyaqhubeka ukuba ubambisane yaseshashalazini ngisho nangemva kokufa i impresario.

zisebenze kangcono

Azisekho abaculi abaningi kangaka zesifazane, uyophumelela. Enye yalezi zintokazi esiphawulekayo sasiwukuthi Natalia Goncharova. Umculi "Flu Spanish" okuyinto sekudayiswe amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-6 million, ushiye ifa ocebile. Umsebenzi wakhe ungaphakathi iminyuziyamu eminingi ezinkulu ezizimele emhlabeni wonke. Phakathi imisebenzi engcono zihlanganisa: "Geza ngendwangu", "apula ukukha", uchungechunge "umkhuhlane waseSpain", "Phoenix Bird", "iZihlobo Zasehlathini", "indiza esitimeleni." Natalia Goncharova - umculi yensikazi imidwebo eqolo. Umsebenzi wakhe "Ukukhetha Apples" (1909) wadayiswa endalini ngoba cishe £ 5 million.

ukuphila Siqu

Natalia Goncharova - umculi, ukuphila kwakhe siqu eduze zithandelana zokudala. Ngisho ekolishi wahlangana no Mihailom Larionovym, naye futhi abopha isiphetho sokuphila. Babengabangane nomqondo ofanayo, abangane abakhulu. Ngisho nalapho Paris Larionov Alexandra uyawuthanda Tomilina umbhangqwana uhlala ndawonye. Ngo-1955, bashada, kodwa ubuhlobo Tomilina kusukela Larionov baqhubeka. Zonke uhlala esakhiweni efanayo kodwa on emabhilidini ezahlukene. Futhi kanye ebusweni ezitebhisini nokuguga, unkosikazi abampofu lover wakhe, Natalia S. Tomilina kwaphoqa. Lokhu ukwehla yashesha ukufa Goncharova. Okthoba 17, 1962 emhlabeni ushiye umculi ovelele Russian. Bona wamngcwaba Paris emathuneni of Ivry.