Markoni Gulelmo: kokusungulwa, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, biography

Ngubani Markoni Gulelmo? Akuwona wonke Akekho kithi owazi njengenye yentuthuko enkulu ngempela le ndoda, ukuphila kwakhe nokwatholakala emhlabeni idatha. Akekho ngisho ukuyichaza ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa lokhu amancane, kodwa hhayi iminyaka smyshlony kid umsunguli futhi uyoletha umnikelo yayo ekwakhekeni ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Naphezu ukungezwani nabazali, okuzovela entsheni Marconi, awayekanga okumele siziqhenye ngayo indodana yakhe.

Guglielmo zomphakathi wakhuluma ngesimo wakhe wokusungula kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Yini eyamshukumisela lapho wayecashile impumelelo yakhe, akekho owaziyo. Mhlawumbe wayefuna ukuthuthukisa ke, noma akazange bebona kudingekile uyibonise njengamanje. Noma kunjalo, kwaba usuku lokuhlolwa yakhe aqhube radioseans okuthiwa ne isiFulentshi, ngokuba ensimini yase-England yesimanje. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho ukutholakala wahola French sezinzwa, ngoba bazibona nabasunguli oyinhloko.

Guglielmo Marconi: Biography

Wazalelwa umsunguli e umkhaya ovamile amasentshana isilinganiso zomninindawo ngo-Ephreli 1874. Ngaleso sikhathi, akekho ozokufa emkhayeni wakhe nakancane ukuthi lo mfana uyofinyelela eminyakeni embalwa. Umkhaya ngokuzalwa Guglielmo wahlala e Bologna, futhi ubaba womfana wayesevele eshade okwesibili. Guglielmo uyindodana yesibili, ngakho-ke isilinganiso abazali kuye kwaba evumayo, cishe kanye nazo zonke enza imigilingwane enjengeye yakhe ezincane goodbye. Lapho iqaphela indodana yakhe kwesifiso sokwazi izwe, ubaba wanquma ukuba uthumele umfana esikoleni esivamile futhi ushiye ku isikole sasekhaya. Ngenxa izimali we umsunguli esizayo Gulelmo Markoni uyise wakwazi ukuqasha othisha bakhe okuhle nabafundisi. Kuwo wonke ukuqeqeshwa othisha baye baphawula ingqondo umfana okungavamile sika, ukuqaleka ngesayensi ngqo, nokukhuthazela kwakhe kwezihloko cwaningo.

Ukuxabana nabazali

Kufika iphuzu elithile ubaba wacabanga lendodana yakhe yesibili nguye umfana zihlakaniphile futhi enolwazi, kodwa Ukuthambekela kwakhe ekunqumeni ngokuxhamazela wengane ungubaba kwehle kahle. Iqiniso liwukuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke iziyalo zabazali, Markoni Gulelmo yatholwa iya ku isinqumo inyuvesi, balala izinsimbi zazo zibe evamile school lobuchwepheshe. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu Nokho, kubukela igunya lakhe umndeni, njengalokho uyise angenzela, njengoba unina bekubona noma njengoba ummeli noma usomabhizinisi.

Ufundza kusebentisa ugesi

Young Markoni Gulelmo bathandile ucwaningo nge ugesi, okuyinto abayichitha ukuqeqeshwa okuwusizo esikoleni lobuchwepheshe. Man umxhwele kakhulu ukuqala ukuhlanganyela ne ucwaningo ezifana abantu abadumile njengoba uJakobe Mabhalane uMaxwell, Genrih Gerts, Edouard Branly futhi, yebo, u-Oliver Lodge. Nokho, iningi ngokumangalisayo futhi ayobe okubangelwa ucwaningo Balloons ezimbili electrostatically icala, futhi phakathi washelela inhlansi kagesi. Ngalesi sokuhlola, kwakukhona abancane oscillations gqwa kanye pulses, ngokuthi amagagasi Hertzian. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, umsunguli abasha wacabanga mayelana nokusetshenziswa amagagasi anjalo ukudlulisa neyodwa isignali.

Eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuphela ngaphakathi esikoleni sokufundela amakhono

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi sikole bezokusebenza umsunguli abasha abazange babe izimali ucwaningo nokuhlola of kunyakaza kanye pulses, kwakufanele bonyana enze ugijimele ukuthuthela England. Lesi sinqumo ngenxa yokuthi ekhaya akakwazanga ukufinyelela labo bamahlathi ukuze aye inesifiso njalo. Ngisho umsunguli wayengakaze acabange ukuthi emashumini ambalwa ngeke ubambe phezu cwaningo yenkuthalo oscillations futhi pulses gqwa.

Amasiko kanye izinsuku wokuqala eNgilandi

Nokho, ngokushesha nje lapho bomdabu intsha nabangenakho okuhlangenwe nakho of Italy wayebhekene eNgilandi, wabuye wathatha nokunamathisela namasiko endawo. Ngokukhethekile bakhangwa ipotimende layo elikhulu elimnyama, okuyinto Markoni Gulelmo bafaka wakhe wokusungula. Ngesicelo umsunguli abasha qaphela okuqukethwe imithwalo, eNgilandi Customs akazange asabele. Ngomzamo ukuchaza ngesiNgisi eziphukile, yini ongayifunda, Guglielmo futhi kuhlulekile. Zonke okuqukethwe black ipotimende ukuthi igqamuka, abahlukaniswe iphonswe eliseduze indawo yokulahla.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi umsunguli ufikile e-England nase-ngeseluleko nomphathi wakhe u-Augusto Riga. Njengoba umeluleki wakhe kwaba Uprofesa we-Institute of Physics, University of Bologna, akakwazanga kuyomenza asheshe ayeke emsebenzini ukugqekeza Albion. Esikhathini esithile abaqambi baxoxe bese uthumela nomunye ulwazi etholakale ngokuhamba isilingo.

Indlela Abasabela Ngayo abalekele Italy Markoni Gulelmo

Ukufunda ukuthi isakhamuzi yabo kwathuthwa kwelinye izwe, iziphathimandla Italian baye basabela ngokushesha. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje Guglielmo wathola amasamanisi ibutho kanye nemfuneko ukuvela endaweni ecacisiwe nsuku saziso. akazange umsunguli abasha baye basabela kanjani?

Ngenxa nokucija umeluleki wakhe Riga, Marconi wakwazi ukuzakhela igama yena nobuholi Naval Academy e-Italy futhi wathembisa ukuba ubambisane iziphathimandla. Isithembiso eyinhloko umsunguli kwaba ukudala into lokhu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngokuqinisekile iye yafeza indima ekuthuthukisweni ngokushesha ezinhlwini Inhloko School.

UThomas Edison enguqulweni Markoni Gulelmo

Sifunga abakhulu impumelelo, Marconi waqala ukusebenza kanzima wakhe wokusungula. ngemva nje kwesikhathi esithile le nhloko wesikole abamenyiwe Guglielmo endaweni base wamabutho asolwandle ukuze zibonise indlela yakhe. Lapho amalungiselelo ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele, laba ababa nengxenye kulo inqubo ziye ishaqeke izindaba maduze nje kuzofika iNkosi Indlovukazi Italy ukuze yazi nge kokusungulwa.

Ngokokuqala ngqá waphendukela Phakamisani isibonakaliso phezu ibanga 18 km, okuyinto ngokungagwegwesi emangala, uyiNkosi ka-Italy. Nakuba namanje ngaphansi umbono lokho akubona, uMongameli lidzili behlonipha umsunguli nokuzijabulisa. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngenxa inkampani Marconi wathola isamba 15 000 amakhilogremu esenana ngoxhaxha Italian ukusebenzisa indlela yakhe.

Markoni Gulelmo: umsakazo futhi ukunakwa asebukhosini

Kuyo yonke le minyaka umsunguli ibahlomisé lalesi sikebhe inkosi yase-Wales a imishini radio ekhethekile, ngemva kwalokho nsuku zonke wadlula yocingo siqhingi Ualt. Ngaleso sikhathi, kuleso siqhingi Wakhathazwa ukuhlukumezeka indodana yindlovukazi, kodwa ephelele Gulelmo Markoni kokusungulwa umsakazo kwamsiza nsuku zonke ukuthola ulwazi mayelana impilo yengane yabo.

Emva mncintiswano Kunyatheliswa Eduard wanikeza lesi yacht njengesipho Markoni Gulelmo. Kuze kube sekupheleni ukuphila umsunguli uye wasebenzisa lesi sipho njengoba laboratory ayo elintantayo.

Markoni Gulelmo: Managing

110 nje edlule, isignali idatha wangenela ngalé komngcele kuyi-English Channel. Ngemva lo msebenzi ngempumelelo kwaba umsunguli we neziphathimandla umusa nodumo. Emva kwezinyanga ezingu 6 kokusebenza kanzima imini yonke, Marconi wakwazi ukwandisa ibanga omsakazo ukudluliswa kuze 150 amamayela. Futhi kakade ekuqaleni 1901 awagcina emile contact engenantambo phakathi nemizana ogwini eNgilandi.

Ngo-1902, umsunguli we isignali ngocansi usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi yimpumelelo futhi ukuhlolwa eside ngo-1907 wavula inkampani umsunguli amasevisi sakhe idatha enqamula. Ukuze umsebenzi onzima Guglielmo nomngane wakhe uFerdinand Braun uMklomelo KaNobel physics.

Njengoba induna Navy

Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwaba umsunguli zesithunywa eziningana izikhundla ebusosheni, futhi ngokushesha wamiswa induna Navy-Italy. Ngoba ngaphandle imfundo ehlelekile, awukwazi ukuphatha lwemikhumbi ngokuphumelelayo, Markoni Gulelmo, ogama okusungulile eyamenza wakwazi ukuphatha uhlelo ukuthunyelwa kanye kokuthola ucingo olubhalwayo, wasebenzisa amakhono akhe phakathi nempi. Futhi emva kweminyaka 10 umsebenzi onzima by Guglielmo usetha ngowokuqala microwave radiotelephone isixhumanisi.

Umsunguli ushiye emhlabeni wethu ngo-1937, ku-20 Julayi. Ngesikhathi ukufa eminyakeni Marconi 63. Impela, wayengumuntu omkhulu, futhi igalelo lakhe kuyathuthuka njalo ngonyaka.