State Reserve Upper taz

Upper taz Reserve - ngezinga elithile lokho nemvelo, ngisho ezindaweni nokhahlo Uyanamathela yena umzamo ukusinda, ukuqala umjikelezo entsha ziqhakaza entwasahlobo. Into akanakuma, kungcono isifiso zabantu ukuphuca ke ingcebo yalo. Amafutha kanye negesi akuhileli kwamahlathi nokuklaba gasket imigwaqo asphalted nokwakhiwa ezisemadolobheni.

Ukuze silondoloze ubuhle emangalisayo nokuhlukahluka kwezinto yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene we Yamalo-Nenets esise kusukela ayehlasela lwabantu 1986 yabelwe umhlaba futhi wahlela Upper taz State Reserve.

Umlando bezwe evikelwe

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi Yamal-Nenets Region kubonakale bantu abanomusa nabathanda ayeqhamuka efudumele. Ngempela, yaseTyumen, lapho ukuyiphi, lihlotshaniswa e abantu nge ingozi empilweni yabo yesithwathwa, sasehlobo esifushane kanye ukukhiqizwa igesi namafutha.

Empeleni, ukuthi ingxenye enkulu esifundeni itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Arctic Circle akusho ukuthi akukho ukuphila. Kunalokho, it is lapha eyayihlala 70% ukunikezela wezwe whitefish nezimfunda ithatha amahektha ezinyamazane yayiklaba kwezigidi ezingu-50.

Ukugcina imvelo kanye acwebile ukungcola nokubhujiswa, abantu abavela ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene noMbutho, ukuze 631.308 amahektha umhlaba sekuthiwe indawo evikelwe. Ngokuvamile, nazi wokuvikela hhayi kuphela kulondoloza yaseTyumen, Upper taz, isibonelo, kodwa 36 izinqolobane isimo kanye izikhumbuzo zemvelo 50. Lezi zindawo abacebile hhayi kuphela uwoyela negesi, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi ukuphatha lesifunda wezwe futhi uhulumeni bamunye yokuthi izindawo ehlane evikelwe babe ezinkudlwana.

Okwamanje, i-Upper taz Reserve ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, enye yazo, enyakatho, eduze, beya emzaneni Ratta, futhi ngenxa yalokho libizwa ngokuthi "namahlathi Rattinskim". Eyesibili ibizwa ngokuthi "namahlathi Pokolskim 'behlonipha pokolku emfuleni. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-eziqalayo inqolobane eminyakeni yokuqala khona isifakwe cordons emhlabeni azungezwe ukuvimbela obhejane ngokungemthetho ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi.

Ukuhlela Spatial

Reserve umngcele ohlukanisa ke kusukela lonke insimu, futhi ngokuvamile ifakwe maqhugwane eziguqukayo. Ziyakwazi ezidingekayo ngemva isikhathi eside ukudlula Cordon, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Vele ezinye zazo leli ukuphela kwekhaya abasebenzi esiqiwini, unake Umkhawulo wabo. Ngokuvamile, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo Kwenziwa ngokukhethekile umsakazo, futhi uthathe imikhiqizo edingekayo noma ukuthaka imithi ngendlela yokuba maqhugwane lezivakashi yezimanga zithunyelwa isikebhe motor noma indiza.

Eminyakeni kweshumi oshiywe ke ukuhlomisa ngokuphelele emngceleni azungeze azungezwe we Upper taz Reserve kanye namuhla liqukethe 6 cordons:

• Lower futhi Upper Pokolskogo.
• Kellogg futhi Yazev.
• Rattovskogo futhi Pyulky.

Sebenza iziqiwi eziningi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko engamele labantu zezinyoni nezilwane, lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela ndawo nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni kanye abagawuli bezihlahla.

Indawo namahlathi

Territory of esiqiwini zingahlukaniswa zibe izindawo zemvelo. Njengoba iningi elalihlala amahlathi (534 955 ha), izigodi treeless asidlulisela nje phezu 96 000 amahektha, futhi buyinto eyigugu ngaphezu kwazo - ixhaphozi - elula ngoba 90.713 amahektha.

Laba bobabili ukwabelana pokolku ihlathi emfuleni futhi Ratta, kodwa ngokuvamile, yonke indawo igcwele dissected yimifula amancane nemihosha. endaweni Water ihlanganisa 5.5 amahektha.

Engxenyeni esempumalanga lamagquma eSiberia lapho Upper taz Reserve, wabusa sezwe elinamagquma, okuyinto emikhulu ephakama cishe 300 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Kuyinto enhle ukuthi lokhu ubuhle kungabonwa ukushaya omunye hambo, okwenziwa izivakashi ngijwayele ubunjalo esifundeni nemfundo kwemvelo.

izimo zezulu

Kusukela Upper taz Reserve, izithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi ungaphakathi indawo inhlabathi ezingesiyo okuqhubekayo eyiqhwa ke isikhathi kwesikhathi ebusika lapha izinsuku 208. Ukuze kumile isimo sezulu sendawo ushiye amasonto 2-2.5 nje, futhi ehlobo - izinsuku ezingu-90.

Esikhathini nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa kakhulu ngonyaka - Julayi - emoyeni lokushisa + 18 ° C, kodwa ngokuvamile sezulu ehlobo kushisa anele endaweni futhi ifinyelela 30 ° C.

Kunzima lindela anything ezinhle sezulu Arctic futhi eseduze koLwandle Kara, lapho izinga lokubanda ebusika uphonsa ukuba -59 ° C. Noma kunjalo, izakhamuzi zakwa endaweni evikelwe, kokubili izilwane nokuxuba izitshalo ezithile, siqhubeke ukusinda endaweni nokhahlo kangaka, futhi esikhathini esifushane omunye unyaka ukunikeza inzalo entsha, nabanye - ukukhula.

Izakhamuzi esiqiwini

Ngesisekelo esiqiwini Upper taz amahlathi coniferous, ehlanganisa kuka 100,000 amahektha endaweni inani, okuyinto kubuswa umsedari (cishe 90,000 hectares) nokudla (kancane kuka 15 000 ha). Kukhona strip ukukhanya coniferous ehlathini enikeziwe uphayini larch. Kuyinto kulezi amahlathi kutholakala inani elikhulu izithelo kanye amakhowe. Lokhu cranberry "ipharadesi" ihehe kulezi zindawo the Ibhere elinsundu, capercaillie, grouse emnyama ptarmigan futhi grouse.

Ngaphezu ehlathini, esiqiwini ingxenye endaweni (40 000 ha) kuhlala izihlahla lezihlahla, okungukuthi, birch, willow, e-aspen nezihlahla eziningi. Sekukonke kukhona ezikhulayo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zama-wona, ezingaphezu kuka-300 izitshalo semithambo kanye no 124 zama-ulele.

Uma sicabangela lokho kwenzeka Elingenhla-taz reserve isilwane, ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo eliwumhlaba kuphela ivezwa lapha 230 zilwane. Phakathi kwabo, ikakhulukazi, 35 ezincelisayo (kuhlanganise 9 - kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye). Lezi zilwane zivamile ehlathini entshonalanga yeSiberia: amabhere ansundu, amaphiva, wolverines, izimpungushe kanye izimbodla, ochakide futhi chipmunks, izingwejeje futhi izingwejeje ezindizayo abavamile, muskrat nabanye. Kukhona 548 zama-zinambuzane.

Phakathi yokufuduka izilwane , inani lawo likhuphuka. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpisi kuvela uma ezifudukayo amaphiva izimpungushe wavakashelwa lapha ebusika.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka Reserve ezikhonjwe 191 zezinyoni ezifana Waterfowl futhi ihlathi. Phakathi kwabo: Blackbirds, warblers, dunnock, wagtails ezimhlophe, Gogol, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi whooper, nabanye abaningi.

Fish emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi emelelwa 23 zilwane. Basuke ubuswa Salmoniformes zidala - trout, whitefish, peled, salmon whitefish nomhlophe. ezihuquzelayo abamele isibankwa viviparous futhi enesihlungu nezilwane eziphila ezweni - idenge lenkangala elimile afabana frog futhi intulo laseSiberia.

Ububanzi bemisebenzi sikhungo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kuyisivikelo yepulazi Abanakekeli bamahlathi izinto zemvelo. Lo mqondo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa zensimu.
• Ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo esiqiwini, Ukuvikelwa nokukhiqizwa amahlathi.
• Inhlangano unyaka wonke operation amahlathi ukuze kokuqondisa yezenzo zesintu insimu yabo.

I ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo kuhlanganisa:

• Ban ku ucwaningo Geological futhi yimuphi umsebenzi for the isizinda namaminerali.
• Okunqatshelwe noma yiziphi izenzo eziphula ubuqotho inhlabathi zosesho amaminerali kanye imikhando.
• Awukwazi ukukhiqiza kwamahlathi nokuklaba ngenjongo wokuvuna imithi Thenga kakhulu imithombo ukudla yehlathi.
• It kungavunyelwe noma iyiphi ukwakhiwa izakhiwo nemigwaqo engamboziwe master plan ye Reserve.
• Liphinde wakwenqabela ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ubuthi, amalungiselelo ekukhuleni kwezimila.
• Ukudoba kanye nokubulala izilwane, izinyoni nezinambuzane akuvunyelwe.
• Awukwazi ezabelweni ukuhlela izinto ukugcina imfucuza.
• Ukuqoqwa etshalwe, amaminerali kanye Botanical amaqoqo kuvunyelwe kuphela kohlaka kocwaningo ukufunda abakhileyo esiqiwini.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko izindawo ihlathi - wukuqinisekisa nokulondoloza izimo zemvelo ekhuthaza ukukhula izilwane nezitshalo imiphakathi.

nemizila izivakashi

Ukuze uxhume abantu ukuvikela imvelo, ukuphathwa emizileni reserve izintaba zenzelwe, kuhlanganise:

• I Uzalo lomfula kusukela Ratta emzaneni nje ngomzana Ratta (250 km). Umzila yakhelwe izinsuku 5 elandelayo emfuleni nge izitobhi ukubazi nobunjalo ezizungezile.
• Kulandela Cordon Pyulky uthatha izinsuku ezingu-7, njengoba ayegcwele izitobhi eziningi eduze ezikhumbuzo yemvelo kanye zomlando.

Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinjalo abantu nethuba simazi nobuhle ngokuchichima kulesi sifunda.

inqolobane namuhla

State egicna imvelo Upper taz - indawo eyingqayizivele lapho imvelo angathintwanga impucuko. Le ndlela yizicukuthwane abantu siyaxolisa kokuba esetshenziswa umnotfo wetimbiwa nezinye ingcebo izinjongo zabo.

Ezikhumbuzo ngaphezulu avikelwe kuleli zwe is, izindawo acwebile ngaphezulu walondolozwa ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.