Strontium 90: Half-ukuphila. Sesithombe - radionuclide

Ngo 1787, Awukude Scottish isiphetho Strontsian emayini i-isizinda of phambili utholakale kuze kube yileso sikhathi amaminerali engaziwa. Yokudumisa emzaneni wawubizwa ngokuthi strontianite. Futhi igama chemical isici Sesithombe ososayensi wanika yokudumisa lokhu yezimbiwa. Yiziphi izici zayo kuka ketshezi angase abe wusizo noma oyingozi?

I izifundo lokuqala Sesithombe

Ngemva kokuvula ososayensi strontianite wayecabanga ukuthi lokhu yezimbiwa izigaba ezahlukene. Abanye abantu babecabanga ukuthi kungokwalabo fluorite, nabanye - witherite. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana kuka ukucaciseleka mayelana nalolu daba bekwenzelwa alethwa Scottish wemithi T. hop. Khona-ke ayikaziwa ukuthi imfuyo test angase abe nengxenye-ukuphila. Sesithombe sekuphinde into ukutadisha usokhemisi Lavoisier, futhi Gemfri Devi. A neqhaza ekutholakaleni le nto futhi zilethwa usosayensi Russian Toviem Lovitsem. Yena kungakhathaliseki nozakwabo Western, yabonisa khona kwale zensimbi Spar esindayo.

Nasi theory. Kuyini nenxenye ukuphila?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi radionuclide ngokuthi radioisotopes namuhla. Uyini isigamu-ukuphila? Radionuclides zihlukaniswa kusuka kwezinye izakhi ezikulesi ukuthi zingabantu nucleus engazinzile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi besephula phansi - inqubo ukuwohloka enemisebe. Kule nqubo, i-nucleus aguqulwa kwezinye isotopes, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ekushayweni imisebe enemisebe. Okunye radionuclides namaleveli ahlukahlukene simo esishubile. Kukhona isotopes esifushane futhi eside waphila. kwamazinyo esifushane ngokushesha kakhulu: lokhu kuthatha amasekhondi, izinsuku noma izinyanga. Kwaphela amakhulu eside kudingeka, izinkulungwane, noma ngisho izinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka. Njengoba engakanani sathathwa noma usizo ngokwengqikithi ukuhlukanisa isigamu lomcebo yayo, njalo kwakudinga isikhathi esithile - ibizwa ngokuthi isigamu-nokuphila.

Uyini isigamu-ukuphila Sesithombe-90?

Njengoba yaziwa, lo radionuclides futhi isotopes bayingozi impilo izinto. Kepha Sesithombe, isotopes yayo esitebeleni nhlobo ingozi kubantu. Kodwa isotopes enemisebe enamandla okubhubhisa konke ukuphila. Isizathu ukuthi yezindlela eziyingozi kakhulu Sesithombe - Sr-90 - kuyingozi - kube nenxenye-nokuphila kwaso. Sesithombe-90 onakala engaphezu kwengu-29, futhi le nqubo ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana ukukhululwa esiningi ngemisebe. Lo msuka unekhono ifakwe ngokushesha ohlelweni eziphilayo futhi akheka.

izakhiwo Sesithombe

Sesithombe emoyeni ngokushesha okukhulu ihlangana emanzini, embozwe ophuzi oxide ifilimu. Ngesimo khulula, lesi sici asitholakali ngokwemvelo. ezifakwa lakhona elikhulu kunawo wonke zitholakala eRussia, e-Arizona, eCalifornia (USA). Sesithombe kuyinto metal ezithambile - kulula ukusika ummese elula. Kodwa ukuncibilika lokushisa salo 768 ° C. Alloys kabani Ukwakheka kuhlanganisiwe Sesithombe, elisetshenziswa pyrotechnics. Kanye lesi sici isetshenziswa ukuze siphinde sithole i-uranium.

Ukungena of Sesithombe eziphilayo

Ngokusho impahla yabo zamakhemikhali Sesithombe kakhulu efana a calcium evamile - lesi sici cishe i-analog yalo. Sesithombe-90 ngokushesha kakhulu zibekwe ithambo, amazinyo, kanye uketshezi. Ngo ukubola isici is bakha indodakazi IKhompyuthaYami yttrium-90 ephethe esifushane kakhulu nengxenye-ukuphila. Sesithombe kule ipharamitha ngeke kuqhathaniswe nge yttrium-90, okuyinto onakala emahoreni angu-64 nje kuphela.

Yttrium-90 engase ikhiphe izinhlayiya beta. Libuye ngokushesha kakhulu kuthinta ithambo futhi kakhulu sensitive amathambo akhe umnkantsha. Ngaphansi kwethonya emisebeni enamandla kunoma iyiphi eziphilayo ababhekene izinguquko eziphawulekayo bokuphila. Ukushintsha cell Ukwakheka, iseli isakhiwo futhi ziphazamiseke kanzima, eliphumela ushintsho umzimba. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo esingakanani nengxenye-ukuphila Sesithombe-90, akuyona lutho. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuholela umdlavuza lwengqamuzana yegazi (wegazi), namathambo. Futhi-ke uyakwazi nethonya elinamandla isakhiwo of DNA ne zofuzo.

I velocity esiphelweni ngokwemvelo

Ukutheleleka nge Sesithombe-90 kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane, njengoba has a esifushane kakhulu nengxenye-ukuphila. Sesithombe kwakhiwa emva izibhicongo technogenic ngobulili kwi yemvelo amaketanga ukudla ngoba ingcolise phansi namanzi. Usizo ngokwengqikithi futhi lingena kalula zibe ipheshana zokuphefumula bezilwane nabantu. Sesithombe-90 enhlabathini ngokushesha ingena emzimbeni zezilwane, izitshalo, bese emzimbeni labantu ukudla okunobuthi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu IKhompyuthaYami akagcini ngokuba namandla ukubhubhisa umzimba ezithile, kodwa futhi deformity adlulisa inzalo yayo. Sesithombe-90 nakho ngobulili kusukela ubisi lukamama nengane.

Lokhu IKhompyuthaYami iye bahileleke umzimba izitshalo. Bona izinto uthola enhlabathini ngokusebenzisa nezimpande zawo phansi. Inani elikhulu Sesithombe buthelela lezi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifana okusanhlamvu, izimpande kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kubantu, Sesithombe aqoqana ikakhulukazi skeleton. Njengoba bekhula, inani okulindile Sesithombe eyehlisiwe. Ngo madoda, IKhompyuthaYami iqoqa ngaphezu kwabesifazane.

I esiyingozi kakhulu isotopes

Kanye cesium-137 Sesithombe-90 ingenye ezingcolisa enemisebe oyingozi nonamandla kunabo bonke kakhulu kokuba okusheshayo isigamu-nokuphila. Sesithombe-90 ngokuvamile ikhishwe imvelo ngenxa izingozi at enuzi izitshalo amandla ukuhlolwa zenuzi. Isimo nzima yokuthi khona kwale IKhompyuthaYami kunzima kakhulu ukunquma, ngisho e-amasampula enhlabathi. Ngokungafani cesium, gamma ngemisebe wabonakala okuyinto lula kakhulu ukunquma Sr-90 okuqukethwe inhlabathi liyadingeka okungenani ngesonto.

Ngalesi isampula isifundo inhlabathi noma zesayensi yezolimo ashisiwe ngendlela ekhethekile, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba sikwazi ukukhuluma mayelana nokuthi kukhona kule Sesithombe isampula. Le ndlela kuyinto ngokuphelele asihambisani uma udinga ukukhomba inani IKhompyuthaYami amuncwa umzimba womuntu. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa ososayensi Belarusian baye baklama isigqoko ekhethekile, kokubhalisa emisebeni beta.

Sesithombe-90 ehlobene isici

I esiseduzane kule impahla yayo kule nenhlonipho izinsimbi cesium-137 futhi Sesithombe-90. Ingxenye-ukuphila iminyaka engu-30 kuba cesium-137. Lapho kuvela radiation, lezi zinto ezimbili ukudala inani elikhulu izinkinga. Kukholakala ukuthi nemiphumela emibi eChernobyl ingozi gamma-asebenzayo cesium unecala ezingaphezu kuka Sesithombe. Banikezwe isigamu-izimpilo zalaba izinto, kungashiwo ukuthi kufanele kube khona iminyaka engamakhulu okungenani eziyisithupha ngaphambi ezonini eChernobyl oluyosala yalezi isotopes.

Ingxenye-ukuphila isotopes Izici

Ukuze izidakamizwa ngamunye ngokuqinile kuchazwe IKhompyuthaYami isigamu-nokuphila. Sesithombe-90 unesikhathi zeminyaka 28. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke ama-athomu alo uzonyamalala emva kweminyaka 56. Futhi kudlala indima lemali sokuqala IKhompyuthaYami. Phakathi ngokuwa ezinye Sesithombe kungashintshwa, kuphenduke izakhi ukuxegiselwa. Uma isigamu-ukuphila Sesithombe enemisebe iminyaka engu-28, lokhu kusho okulandelayo.

Ngalesi isikhathi esithile kusukela lemali sokuqala IKhompyuthaYami kuyoba ingxenye. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka 28 - okungaba yingxenye eyodwa kwezine, nokunye. It kuvela ukuthi Sesithombe bungangcolisa imvelo amashumi eminyaka. Abanye ososayensi baye babanjwa kule nombolo ukuze ukhombise ukuthi inxenye impilo Sesithombe - engu-29. Ngalesi isikhathi esithile uhhafu phezu ngoqobo, kodwa kwanele Sesithombe sasakazekela le ngozi.