Umlando Borovitskaya eMoscow ezibiyele umbhoshongo. Kanjani ukuze uthole kuya embhoshongweni?

Omunye ezikhangayo esemqoka eMoscow neRussia sisonke - it is a endaweni enkulu ye ezibiyele futhi eseduze nale ndlela. Njengoba lizungezwe izwe elikhulu udonga lwamatshe, anakho amaningi njengoba amabili kwemibhoshongo efakwe kanye azungezwe. Ngayinye yalezi igcina umlando walo, izimfihlo.

I ezibiyele nombhoshongo walo

Kusukela ujwayele ekhoneni eningizimu-mpumalanga futhi ezihambayo ngokwewashi phambili, singabona yonke ukwehluka nobukhazikhazi lokhu isakhiwo yezakhiwo.

Okokuqala endleleni - Beklemishevskaya umbhoshongo, kamuva wabhekisela njengoba Moskvoretskaya. Okulandelayo - uConstantine noHelen, eyayaziwa ngokuthi Timofeevskaya ngemva esangweni eduze. Futhi uma izakhiwo nanye nje esiphakeme kunazo zonke, amehlo Borovitskaya Tower.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, beqondiswa abaklami angaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe izici kweqiniso Russian futhi uhlamvu. Okuwukuphela eyingqayizivele zazo futhi ongenalo ngempela kufanelekile phakathi eqenjini lomculo jikelele - Nikolskaya Tower. Yakhiwa kamuva futhi ngofuzo izici izakhiwo Gothic. Zonke esemagumbini babanjwa, omunye esisogwini azungezwe izindonga - tetrahedral.

indaba

Kuze kube manje, kuyaziwa ukuthi imizana lokuqala ensimini ka YaseMoscow ezibiyele yayikhona Bronze Age. Futhi kuphela 1156 izakhiwo lokuqala ukuthuthukisa indawo nokuvikeleka ezinkathazweni njalo kuphangwa isitha ezakhiwa. Izindonga esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe nomsele ezijulile.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu izikhathi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi zeziyaluyalu wabhekana nalokhu isakhiwo yezakhiwo. Futhi ke kwafika isikhathi lapho eMoscow atholwe isimo inhlokodolobha yonke imibuso futhi imizi Russia. Khona-ke kuziwa lokungalandeli umthetho wasendulo ezibiyele okwenzeka namuhla. Iqala inkathi isakhiwo esikhulu.

Aristotle Fioravanti, Pietro solari, Marco Ruffo, New Aleviz, Bon Fryazin - zonke lezi abaklami bamenywa wase-Italy, ukuze uphefumule impilo entsha ku izakhiwo. Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ngokusebenza eduze amakhosi isiRashiya, bamukela isitayela nobunjalo izakhiwo Soviet. Ngesikhathi esifanayo siyiqaphele izimo zendawo. Yavela kanjalo-ke ukubukeka wanamuhla ezibiyele, Borovitskaya, Beklemishevskaya lonke umbhoshongo.

Borovitskaya Tower: kusukela esidlule ukwethula

Njengoba imibhalo yasendulo, emuva '61 ka ngekhulu le-14 esakhiweni we izakhiwo zesimanje of the gama elifanayo kwaba ukwakhiwa. Moscow ezibiyele yesimanje Borovitskaya umbhoshongo wabonakala iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamuva, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-14. Umbhali wenza wezakhiwo angaphandle, eyaziwa ngokuthi uPetru Fryazin. Wafika kusuka Italy eRussia ngaleso isimemo senkosi.

Ngekhulu le-16 nele-17, umbhoshongo usekhonze njengephayona ndinyana Zhitnyaya negceke ezinzile, ukuze uthole ukuthi ngesango main kwakungenakwenzeka.

Phakathi ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha Borovitskaya umbhoshongo uthola igama layo elisha - Baptist, behlonipha esontweni, okuyinto zazigcinwa Kremlin. Nokho, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo, igama neze eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa.

Uma isango yayisethafeni Borovitsky isithonjana Ioanna Predtechi. Kodwa ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, lapho ukwakhiwa ngenkuthalo lidlule ongaphansi komhlaba imigqa, ithempeli eponymous labhujiswa. Isithonjana elahlekile, kodwa esizeni sokuqala wafika amahora.

izakhiwo

Ekuqaleni Borovitskaya umbhoshongo kwaba aphansi futhi kwakuba ububanzi wokwakha elingunxande. Ngenhla ke yayisesigodini ophahleni itende ezenziwe ngokhuni.

Nokho, ngemva 1666 amashumi eminyaka liqala ukuthola umumo entsha ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, kwakukhona ngaphezulu izengezo ezintathu, okuyinto kancane kancane ngosayizi, enikeza uhlobo ukwakhiwa pyramidal. Okwesibili, phezulu ehlotshiswe igabade, sifisa esibhakabhakeni ngetshe ophahleni octagonal.

Ngokushesha ohlangothini umbhoshongo uvele strelnitsa futhi ngehele amasango. Ngaphesheya komfula, thina waphonsa ibhuloho lingavuswa.

Ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili alethwe nalo kunikelwa kokubili izinsuku ngehlise umoya, futhi ngempela ezisindayo. Ngemva nje kweminyaka embalwa ngemva kokubuyiselwa, lapho umbhoshongo aluthola imininingwane amahle itshe elimhlophe, inhlokodolobha ehlaselwa amabutho ka Napoleon by. Kwamenywa izikhumbuzo ayafa, ngenhlanhla, umbhoshongo wahlupheka kancane. Ukuqhuma acekela etendeni lakhe.

Ngemva kwalokho, sibeka ukuze isakhiwo iminyaka emithathu. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi wokungenela iwashi livela.

Phakathi nesishiyagalombili Umbhoshongo owakhiwa ekhulwini rework esontweni. Ukuze ethwele izitsha ezidingekayo futhi isihlalo sobukhosi. izingxenye Pseudo-ihlanzekile, kodwa futhi avele ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Futhi amasango ijazi eMoscow izikhali setha isithombe. Njengoba ubona, indaba Borovitskaya umbhoshongo egcwele izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene. Ukwakhiwa, incithakalo, ukubuyiselwa, ushintsho izinjongo kanye nokusetshenziswa nemvelo - konke lokhu kubonakala ukwakhiwa futhi wadala isithombe kuyabonakala namuhla.

umbhoshongo Kugcine elilungisiwe owawuse eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye edlule.

ingaphakathi

Uma ubheka ngaphakathi, ungabona ukuthi ezibiyele Borovitskaya bombhoshongo quadrangle yayo aphansi (ngezansi isakhiwo unxande) uhlukaniswe imikhakha. Kusuka lapha ungakwazi ukuya egumbini, okuyinto namuhla isigamu-zonakale. Kwenye ingxenye quadrangular walondoloza izakhi ukuthi uma wawuhlotshiswe isonto.

ezitebhisini esakhelwe ngaphakathi kuholela izivakashi esitezi sesibili, lapho has a window elingunxande. Eminyakeni emibili quadrangular kuhlanganiswe ekamelweni elilodwa, kufanele isakhiwo ezifanayo netende octagonal isethwe kuye.

esangweni

Nokho esiphawulekayo akuyona Borovitskaya kuphela Tower. Indlela ukufika kulo, uyofunda ngezansi. Futhi, uma endaweni efanele, uzophawula ukuthi kukhona eziningi isandiso. Kuyinto isango futhi abakhwabanisi strelnitsa. Lesi sakamuva ixhunywe bombhoshongo kakhulu phansi, ufundze emavesi kuholela egumbini ingxenye. Uma ubheka phezulu esakhiweni, ungabona ukuthi has simise esingunxantathu.

Ake sibheke phezulu esangweni, wathola izimbobo ezimbili emincane. Bona owake wakhonza njengomdala endaweni iketanga omkhulu abaphakamisa kwebhuloho uma kunesidingo. Uma bedlula esangweni, abheke, kude abonakala, okuyinto ukufihla nemigoqo yensimbi. Izazi-mlando zithi ngalawa masango babephakathi kwabokuqala kuqhathaniswa nezinye Kremlin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziye zalondolozwa amajazi kunalokho ubudala izikhali, umsuka ongakaqaliswa sezisunguliwe.

kwebhuloho

Namuhla-ke Kunzima ukucabanga ifomu odlule bemvelo ukuthi azungeza izindonga Kremlin. Neglinnaya River, manje lagibela ipayipi esemgwaqweni odongeni entshonalanga. Kwaba izindawo izimbuku exhaphozini. Ngokuqondile umbhoshongo uqobo emlanjeni esejika ukushiya eceleni. Ekhulwini le-16 yakhiwa khona ibhuloho lamatshe.

Ukuze aqinise futhi avikele kangcono isiteshi wanquma ukuletha kuya embhoshongweni. umsebenzi ohambelana iye yenziwa. Njengoba le nqaba kwaba isinqumo omkhulu. Nokho, umbuzo: kanjani Borovitskaya embhoshongweni ezibiyele izotholakala, indlela ukuya endaweni efanele ngokusebenzisa ezivunguvungwini amabutho phezu kwesikhulu? Isixazululo utholakale ngesimo uma kwakhiwa ibhuloho elibanjwe.

Namuhla, kusukela kulesi sakhiwo sinyamalale, ngenxa ekulahlekelweni nokuqokwa kwakhe, yena labhujiswa.

ukuqondisa

Nokho, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi futhi kahle ubukeka Borovitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow Kremlin. Kanjani ukuze uthole kuwo esitimeleni? Konke ulula. izimpawu zendawo ezinkulu bangaba Borovitskaya Square no-Aleksandru Garden. Kuyinto lezi zindawo zitholakala iseduze umbhoshongo.

Ukuze uthole ensimini, ungasebenzisa iziteshi kaMasipala ezine:

• "Arbatskaja" (Pokrovskaya Arbatsko- blue legatsha № 3);

• "U-Alexander Garden" (blue Filyevskiy legatsha № 4);

• . "Lenin Library" (inombolo umugqa obomvu 1);

• "Borovitskaya" (grey legatsha № 9).

Ngakho, ukufinyelela kule ezikhangayo emangalisayo wavula ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu, eMoscow.