Umzimba nje. lenyama

Organisms isidumbu kuhlanganisa nelilodwa ingqamuzana kuphela, kukhona elula. Zingaba ezihlukile futhi ezihlukile zezokuthutha. Wonke umuntu uyazi igama okungenani eyodwa, okuyinto elula eziphilayo, kodwa hhayi wonke realize ukuthi lo is silwane. Ngakho, ukuthi ziyini, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo kukhona ezivamile? Futhi iyini le isidalwa? Njengoba kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi coelenterates, eziphilayo owumphumela bafanelwe cwaningo enemininingwane.

Subkingdom unicellular

Lenyama kukhona zilwanyana. Izidumbu zabo yakhiwa kuseli eyodwa, okuyinto has yonke imisebenzi kudingekile ekuphileni. Ngakho, elula eziphilayo owumphumela babe umzimba, ungakwazi abonise ukucasuka, hambisa futhi zizalane. Ezinye kuhluke ukuma njalo umzimba, kuyilapho abanye njalo siguqula ke. Isakhi esiyinhloko somzimba nucleus sizungezwe cytoplasm. Kuyo kukhona izinhlobo eziningana organelles. Eyokuqala - obschekletochnye. Lezi zihlanganisa ribosomes, mitochondria, apharathasi Galdzhi nokunye okunjalo. Okwesibili - ekhethekile. Lezi zihlanganisa wokugaya ukudla bese contractile vacuole. Cishe zonke protists Ungahambisa ngaphandle nobunzima. Kulokhu Basizwa pseudopodia, flagella noma cilia. Isici esiphawulekayo eziphilayo kuyinto phagocytosis - amandla wokuthwebula ukudla okuqinile futhi kugayeke lezo zinto. Abanye kungase afeze-photosynthesis.

Indlela ukudlulisa owumphumela?

Lenyama ingatholakala yonke indawo - ngamanzi agobhozayo, inhlabathi noma ulwandle. A ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu sokusinda inikeza ikhono encysted. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, umzimba agelezela esigabeni yokuphumula, embozwe emgodleni obukhulu zokuzivikela. Ukudala izinhlumba kunomthelela hhayi kuphela ukuze basinde, kodwa futhi ukusakaza - ngakho umzimba kungaba endaweni ngokunethezeka, lapho befuna ukudla ithuba nokuzala. Umzimba nje wenziwa muva ngosizo ezimbili ezintsha cell division. Abanye futhi unekhono ukuzala, kukhona izinhlobo ukuhlanganisa kokubili ongakhetha.

amoeba

Kufanele uhlu eziphilayo ezivamile. Indlela elula ngokuvamile ezihlobene nale umbono - ne-amoeba. Abanaso umzimba ukuma unomphela, futhi unyawo zamanga esetshenziswa ukuze akwazi ukuhamba. Futhi amoeba ithumba ukudla - ulwelwe, ama-bacterium, noma ezinye lenyama. Pseudopodia nxazonke, umzimba yakha vacuole wokugaya ukudla. Konke yathela izinto adedelwa cytoplasm, futhi undigested baxoshwa. Breathing amoeba wenza wonke umzimba nge okusheshayo. Amanzi okweqile kusukela umzimba zihlobene vacuole contractile. inqubo ukubuyabuyelela kwenzeka sokuhlukanisa core, ngemva kwalokho kwesinye sezitokisi ezimbili etholakala. Amoebas kukhona emanzini angenawo usawoti. Lenyama ihlangabezane kubantu nasezilwaneni, kuleso simo zingaholela ezihlukahlukene nezifo noma ukwehlisa isithunzi isimo jikelele.

euglena oluhlaza

Enye umzimba, kwasakazwa amanzi ahlanzekile, futhi sihlobene elula. Ngo Euglena oluhlaza umzimba othini lokuphotha emise, ngenhloso ungqimba obukhulu elingaphandle cytoplasm. Ngaphambili ekupheleni umzimba iphela msila eside, lapho umzimba ihamba. Esikhathini cytoplasm kukhona ezinye chromatophores okusaqanda, okuyinto i-chlorophyll. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhanya kunikwe amandla euglena Autotrophic - bakwazi akuyona bonke eziphilayo. Lenyama ziqondiswa ngosizo iso. Uma euglena kokuhlala isikhathi eside ebumnyameni, asinayo i-chlorophyll ubalekela futhi umzimba ingena inqubo heterotrophic ukunikezela nge ukumuncwa izinto eziningi eziphilayo kusukela amanzi. Njengomhlaba amoeba, lenyama, lezi nokuzala sokuhlukanisa, uphefumulele wonke.

Volvox

Phakathi eziphilayo unicellular futhi wamakoloni zenzeka. Vele osesikhundleni Volvox bukhoma ngaleyo ndlela. Sinenkosi simise eyindilinga nomzimba gelatinous, ezakhiwe, amalungu ngamanye ale qulo. Volvox ngamunye has flagella ezimbili. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela ehlelekile wonke amaseli isetshenziswa ukuhambisa emkhathini. Ezinye zazo siyakwazi nokuzala. Ngakho kukhona ezingaphansi Volvox ikoloni. Ngo isakhiwo esifanayo, futhi ulwelwe ezahlukene, eyaziwa ngokuthi Chlamydomonas.

Ciliate-slipper

Lena enye owakhileyo ezivamile nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. ciliates Ngokuthi aphoqelelwe ukuba yakha amaseli zabo, sifana izicathulo. Organelles ezisetshenziswa ukunyakaza, ngokuthi cilia. Umzimba ukuma njalo nge igobolondo aminyene futhi cores ezimbili, ezincane nezinkulu. Into yokuqala okudingeka ukuba ingazali, futhi zokulawula yesibili zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile. Njengoba amandla infusorian isebenzisa ama-bacterium, ulwelwe kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo owumphumela. Lenyama bavame ukudala vacuole wokugaya ukudla ezicathulweni kuba endaweni ethile emlonyeni. Ukuze ususe izinsalela undigested poroshitsa samanje futhi Ukukhetha Kwenziwa usebenzisa vacuoles contractile. Ukuze ciliates libhekene ukukhiqizwa kabusha asexual, kodwa kungenziwa ephelezelwa inyunyana abantu ababili ukuze exchange of izikhali zenuzi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi conjugation. Zawo wonke amanzi angenasawoti lenyama ciliate-slipper iyona eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu isakhiwo sabo.

Elilodwa ngemhlabatsi amanzi asolwandle

Ngaphezu abakhileyo angenasawoti kwesigubhu, futhi kufanele uhlu ezinye lenyama. Ngakho, ngo-kolwandle kuyizinto ezivamile eziphilayo radiolarians futhi foraminifera. Dead lokuqala ifomu umzimba enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi eliyigugu i-opal nejeyidi. Foraminifers zihlukaniswa khona okusanhlamvu igobolondo isihlabathi noma calcium, futhi ngemva ifomu ukufa lime noma wokulinganisa. Futhi labo nabanye ayingxenye plankton. Umhlabathi futhi iyikhaya ezihlukahlukene lenyama. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni ezweni elisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziphilayo kungase kube izimuncagazi. Bona izifo eziyingozi nezilwane. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kuyinto Plasmodium falciparum, okuyinto luhlala e igazi lomuntu. Uhudo amoeba zingaphazamisa emathunjini ezinkulu. Trypanosomes ukusabalala sobuthongo.