Ezikhathini zamuva, kuwo wonke amazinga, kokubili eRussia futhi e-Ukraine futhi kwamanye amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, baqala ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "lomshoshaphansi." Kusho ukuthini nokuthi yini usongo siyingozi emphakathini?
History of the eside
Okuvela kuyo le nkulumo lihlotshaniswa abaseSpain Yombango. Khona-ke umbuso republic bamelana undlovukayiphikiswa uJenene Franco. Ngo-1936, Franco kwaqala okuhlaselayo enhloko-dolobha of Spain. Ukwesabisa isitha umsakazo wadluliswa ukusebenza omunye ojenene, umashiqela E. Mola. Wathi ngaphezu ngohide ezine lempi uya edolobheni ngaphansi kobuholi ojenene ezahlukene Madrid kukhona amalungu aleli umbuso omusha, okuyinto uyokwenza ngesikhathi esifanele. Lezi izinhloli wabiza "lomshoshaphansi." ERussia, njengoba esikhathini esidlule, futhi namuhla kabanzi lesi sithombe lesitha yangaphakathi. Dweba Ukubuyekeza zomlando futhi uthole ukuthi yini lomshoshaphansi eRussia futhi kungaba ngempela kuyinto usongo ngempela isimo?
Impambaniso kwamandla angaphandle ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe Russia
Iqiniso lokuthi isimo ngasinye has izinzuzo zalo siqu geopolitical nezomnotho - Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa yibo bonke iqiniso. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyaqonda ukuthi iRussia eqinile kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe - kuyinto isikhashana engathandeki emazweni amaningi. Kungani? Ngenxa sondo isiRashiya, isimo ezingalindelekile futhi eqinile, kuyangethusa emazweni athuthukile, ubona esincintisana odinga ukuze kuhlukaniswe kubomvu. Ngakho-ke, amandla oluseqophelweni lakhipha impi yi-proxy (isibonelo, Russian-Turkish 1806-1812.), Futhi izinqubomgomo yasekhaya ziye bahileleke. Ngokwesibonelo, état Ukuketulwa abambalwa iziphathimandla 1801 ngokuqondile elikholelwa Britain, futhi kuyiqiniso ayibonwa. Khona-ke kwaba khona elithi "lomshoshaphansi", kodwa izindlela zalo ziye zasetshenziswa kakhulu. Kungani eNgilandi kwakunabaFundi ukuqeda uPawulu? Futhi ngoba yabophiko Napoleon wayehlela ukuhlela umkhankaso India futhi ngokuvamile melanani hegemony of England emhlabeni. Ngekhono usebenzisa ukunganeliseki ezicukuthwaneni uPawulu umthetho Okokuqala, eBrithani isinqumo izinkinga zabo ezandleni zabo.
Ikhulu lamashumi amabili
Uma we jikisa nga kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. ukuthi noma lomshoshaphansi eRussia nelalinayo ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka? IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala eye yaqeda umnotho walo wavusa nenhlekelele omusha. Ngemva Februwari Revolution UNikolai waphenduka belifuna kuvakashela eNgilandi lisuka indlu yobukhosi izihlobo zakhe nge isicelo ukuba athathe umkhaya wakhe, kodwa wenqaba. Kungani? uhulumeni engaqinile zesikhashana wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela isimo kuleli zwe futhi umbimbi bafuna okuhlaselayo entsha ngaphambili. I eza emandleni amaBolshevik phakathi nempi yombango, zabezizwe ngokushesha waqala "usizo" ukuhamba emhlophe. Kodwa ingabe wayezokwazi ukukwenza zisiza ngempela? amazwi eyaziwayo Russian jikelele White ukuthi ukhona omunye ngaphandle Russian, abamdingi Russia okukhulu. KwamaBolshevik amandla, ukuze ichithe lizwe, kodwa akusebenzanga kahle. Wadala yi-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics waba giant entsha, okuyinto, futhi, wayesatshwa futhi waphupha ukubhubhisa, ukuhlukana. nciphisa wakhe kwadingeka izimbangela kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-US President uhalalisele abantu bakhe ukunqoba iMpi Yomshoshaphansi ngemva kokuwa Soviet.
Olunye uhlangothi lwemali
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lowo mdondoshiya ekhona, iSoviet Union, esaba amazwe athuthukile, futhi mhlawumbe ababenakho ejenti yabo insimu yalo, kodwa izinga elwa "izinambuzane" zaba imikhawulo ongayicabanga. "Izitha zabantu" - amagama ka nenkathi yamaSoviet kungase kuthathe indawo kahle igama elithi "lomshoshaphansi." Lona ejenti efanayo ithonya silwisana ezweni labo ukuze kuzuze omunye. Iningi labo hhayi kuphela izisusa ngemibono, kodwa futhi ngaphezulu yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo - bazizuzise bona. Noma kunjalo, abaningi kulokho abantu akanacala Kulimale nenkathi yamaSoviet, njengoba izitha zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona esingaphakathi Ungahlala kube izaba kuhle noma yikuphi ukwehluleka yomgomo neziphathimandla zikahulumeni, kuchazwa khona kwezinkinga zezomnotho kanye nobuqili yokubuthanela izakhamuzi. Ngakho, "lomshoshaphansi" - kungase kube izaba kuhle inqubomgomo esiqinile zababusi.
Russia eminyakeni 90
Ukugcina Konke okungenhla engqondweni, zama ukubona isimo sezombangazwe samanje futhi ukunquma ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba sicabangele into efana "lomshoshaphansi Russia" isimo samanje. Esinye sezimiso eziyisisekelo dialectics kudinga ukutadisha esenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kanye umongo zomlando. Ngakho ake ngiqale ne nciphisa wase-USSR. isikhundla waseRussia emhlabeni abakwazi ukushayelwa ngenye indlela kunokufa ubuthaka. ONgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphandle, eyathatha isikhundla "Mnumzane Cha" Gromyko, wenza ezivuna ku zonke izidingo-United States kanye West ngemva kokufa kwabaholi yezwe. Ngo exchange, eRussia beqashelwa kwamanye amazwe omhlaba, emazwini Putin, ilungelo ukuhlala imibuso emikhulu emihlanganweni "Big Eight" nokunye okunjalo.
Isimo sezombusazwe zamanje
Kukhona umbono ukuphathwa ematheni izinqubo lomhlaba ku-ingxenye-United States. Ubufakazi lokhu kwanele. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho Russian Federation waqala ukuqinisa izithakazelo tayo tekusebenta kanye kungqubuzana "umbusi ezweni", ngokushesha baqala ukukhuluma ngaba- abesabekayo Russia nolaka. Isimo namuhla ukuthi abantu bamazwe omhlaba lilahla Russian Federation kuzo zonke izici. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakheka ukwesaba ezweni futhi Putin mathupha. Yini uhulumeni waseRussia kulesi simo? Ukukhethwa ingaba: bakwemukele isimo sabo amandla osezingeni eliphasi kanye sisukele "abawinile" noma ukuvikela izithakazelo zabo ngokusebenzisa. Kuyini lomshoshaphansi kulesi simo? Akukhona nje ukuphikiswa namandla buthaka isimo ngaphakathi unyakazisa isimo sezombusazwe esiyingozi kakhulu kuleli zwe. Isimo siyefana ukuze umqondo "defeatists" ngesikhathi Okokuqala Umhlaba Ukumela ukulahlekelwa isimo yabo empini.
Inkinga Crimean
Ngaphambi entwasahlobo ka 2014 eRussia kwakukhona ukuphikiswa, okuyinto kuqhathaniswa umbuso wangaleso sikhathi. Amanye awo acekela waba nengxenye nezomthetho zezombusazwe yindlela yokhetho kuphela. Okunye, ezifana edumile emhlabeni wonke "Puxi Wright," isebenza ngosizo PR-izenzo, ithumba ekuhluphekeni edalula izenzo neziphathimandla njengababusi isitatimende ngokumelene nenkululeko yokukhuluma. Umbhikisho ku Bolotnaya Square e Moscow, ihlelwe umbimbi A. Navalny, kwaba azame ukukhulisa ukunganeliseki yomphakathi. Kodwa kuphela endabeni YaseCrimea futhi bavuselela inkulumo ethi "lomshoshaphansi." Ngokwengxenye enkulu, sifaka zonke ababemelene nokudliwa eCrimea eRussia. Lena ngempela iqembu elikhulu e isixuku esikhulu impela Motley, okuyinto ambiguously uhlolwa wokukhushulwa enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea.
Imizamo yokwenza uhlu iqembu lezinhloli lomshoshaphansi
Ngakho, iningi labantu nezombusazwe abaholi Russian yemukele ekuhlaleni Ukraine ngesimo eCrimea eRussia. Ngakho-ke, it is ngokusobala wawubonisa Umbono ophambene ngabantu, owaveza nesiteleka ngokumelene izenzo iziphathimandla zaseRussia. Ababona kangaka, kodwa nokho, abaningi babo abantu ngempela abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Lamalunga endlini encane iPhalamende abantu abane: Valery Zubov, u-Ilya Ponomarev, uSergei Petrov futhi Dmitry Gudkov. Kwangena Nemtsov, Yavlinsky, Novodvorskaja. ukumangala Big kwaba isikhundla kubo bonke abaculi zakho ozithandayo ezifana Yuri Shevchuk, A. Makarevich, lawo ngokushesha eyakhuluma ngokumelene ayehlasela amasosha Russian eCrimea, ucabangela konke okwenzekile, lo wadla. Abaningi amalungu elite wethu lokudala wesaba ukuthi ngaleyo ndlela yilo impi ephakathi Ukraine neRussia. Lokhu, ngokusobala, wabhala futhi BG ekhasini lakhe ku "Facebook", enxusa izizwe ukuxabana. Okwamanje, empini uya ngasempumalanga Ukraine. Umbuzo nge eCrimea kwathi nyá.
yangaphakathi isitha Reality
Ukuba khona eliphikisayo umphakathi - lokhu kungokwemvelo. Noma yimuphi intando yeningi khulumela bunyenti, kuhlanganise nemibono. Isicelo izinyathelo zombuso ukuphoqwa ephikisayo - uphawu kobushiqela. Ingabe singasho ukuthi iziphathimandla ubuphishekele, isibonelo, iqembu "Okean Elzy", noma namanye amaqembu nobuntu abamelene inqubomgomo evelele? Abaculi ngokwabo ukuphika lokhu. Kodwa kukhona okuningi. amabutho etindzaweni letihlukene tekuhlalisana, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kakhulu ziyingozi, bezama ukuba yilo ukushushiswa okuthiwa lomshoshaphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbono weningi angase agxeke isiphi isikhundla, kuhlanganise nokuphikiswa. Kodwa emazweni amaningi asetshenziswa abezindaba kanye izimpikiswano zezombangazwe ukuthini igama elithi "lomshoshaphansi" - okungukuthi, uma kungekhona kwengxabano ukungezwani hhayi ucingo nomphakathi ukubhekana izinambuzane, bayizitha zabantu, cosmopolitans, njalonjalo?