Yemoto kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Incazelo, ukusebenza isimiso

Injini ethandwa iningi labo efakwe okwamanje, iyona yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Design kanye nokusebenza injini imoto kunalokho elula, nakuba sebuningini izingxenye zazo liqukethe. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ngalokhu.

Ubude kudivayisi DIC

Uhlobo ngalunye kwezingu-motors has a isilinda kanye piston. Esikhathini amandla wokuqala ezishisayo ku ukuguqulwa mechanical kwenzeka, okungabangela imoto ukuthutha. Ngomzuzu owodwa nje, le nqubo iyaphindwa kaningi, ukuze crankshaft, okuyinto siphuma motor uzungeza njalo.

Umshini injini siqukethe eziningana izinhlelo izakhiwo kanye nezindlela okuyinto ukuguqula amandla emsebenzini lokukhanda.

base yayo:

• ukusatshalaliswa igesi;

• indlela crank.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusobala umsebenzi ohlelweni:

• amandla;

• ukuthungela;

• qala-up;

• Ukuphola;

• Lubrication.

crank indlela

Siyabonga kuye, ukunyakaza reciprocating ku crankshaft rotary iphendula. Lesi sakamuva idluliselwa ku zonke izinhlelo kulula ngaphandle eyindilinga, ikakhulukazi njengoba yokugcina amasondo isixhumanisi ukudluliswa ukuphi. Futhi ukusebenza nge ngokushintshana.

Uma imoto engakaze ngesihlalo esinamasondo wayiswa imoto, leli washi phambili umzabalazo, mhlawumbe kwakungeke kunesidingo. Nokho, esimweni umshini umsebenzi crank walungisiswa ngokugcwele.

ukusatshalaliswa igesi indlela

Ngenxa isikhathi fuel ingxube noma emoyeni agelezela uMbhalo (kuncike izici ekwakhekeni ingxube injini), wasusa amagesi qeda kakade kanye nemikhiqizo amandla omlilo.

Uma lokhu exchange igesi yenzeka ethile ngesikhathi esibekiwe ngokuhlela imivimbo futhi eqinisekisa izinga ingxube ukusebenza, futhi ukuthola umphumela enkulu ukushisa ukukhululwa.

supply system

Ingxube emoyeni uphethiloli combusted kule amasilinda. Uhlelo olucutshungulwayo ulawula ukunikezela lemali futhi ingxenye elula. Ngokuvamile zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ingxube kumiswa. Esimweni sokuqala, emoyeni kanye nophethiloli axutshwa ngaphandle uMbhalo nakwezinye - ngaphakathi.

Amandla uhlelo nge zangaphandle ingxube kumiswa has a idivayisi elikhethekile okuthiwa i carburetor. It fuel olufuthwe emoyeni, bese ugelezela amasilinda.

Iinsetjenziswa motor imoto yangaphakathi ingxube kwetinhlavu kanye umjovo uhlelo esebenzisa udizili. Kuzo ligcwele umoya amasilinda, lapho uphethiloli is injected esebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile.

uhlelo ukuthungela

Kube kwenzeka-ukuthungela e injini. Udizili iyunithi akudingekile, njengoba ukucubungula ngokusebenzisa okusezingeni eliphezulu degree of zlib of emoyeni, okuyinto kuba empeleni ashisayo.

I izinjini isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kagesi inhlansi khulula. Nokho, ngaphezu, tube ukuthungela ingasetshenziswa okuyinto zokusebenza ingxube ephakamayo ketshezi evutha.

Kungaba ngomlilo nangezinye izindlela. Kodwa izinsalela esiwusizo kakhulu yenhlansi uhlelo namuhla.

isiqalo

Lolu hlelo kufinyelelwa injini crankshaft Ukujikeleza ekuqaleni. Kuyadingeka ukuqala ukusebenza kanye nezindlela ngazinye injini iyonke.

Ukuqala ukuziqalela ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa. Siyabonga kuye, inqubo yenziwa kalula, ngokushesha futhi enokwethenjelwa. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile iyunithi womoya, elisebenza esiqiwini umoya onomfutho ku abamukelayo compressor noma kuvikelwe nge drive kagesi.

Uhlelo elula iwukuba crank okuyothi ngalo crankshaft e injini cranked futhi iqala umsebenzi wonke izindlela kanye nezinhlelo. Kuze kube muva nje, bonke abashayeli wamthatha naye. Nokho, akekho zazo lula kuleli cala kungaba khona. Ngakho-ke konke ukwenza ngaphandle namuhla.

Ukupholisa

Inkinga kwalesi simiso ukulondoloza indlela ethile izinga lokusebenza iyunithi. Iqiniso lokuthi amandla omlilo kule amasilinda ingxube kwenzeka ekukhishweni ukushisa. Amayunithi imininingwane injini ukushisa, futhi kumelwe njalo kumele selehlile kahle.

I ezivamile izinhlelo liquid emoyeni.

Ukuze injini njalo selehlile, a umzimba ukushisa kuyadingeka. Ngo izinjini nomunye uketshezi kuthatha indima yayo kurediyetha, esakhiwa sebuningini amashubhu ngoba ukufuduka kanye ukufinyela yayo ukushisa izindonga. Lokususa okwengeziwe anda ngokusebenzisa fan, okuyinto igibele eduze kurediyetha.

Ngo evele emoyeni selehlile amadivayisi osetshenziselwa izakhi fin ukufuthelana, ngenxa lapho ukushisa exchange endaweni inyuka kakhulu.

Lolu hlelo ukupholisa kuyinto kahle ongaphakeme nokunye izimoto zanamuhla kuyaqabukela aqine. Ngokuyisisekelo isetshenziswa nokungalawuleki nabancane yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini angadingi umsebenzi onzima.

uhlelo Lubrication

Ukumanzisa izingxenye ezidingekayo ukunciphisa mechanical amandla ukulahlekelwa ezenzeka mshini crank futhi isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo kunomthelela nokwehlisa bafake izingxenye futhi abanye indlu.

Ukumanzisa ezinjinini zezimoto ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi lapho uwoyela ihlinzekwa ngokusebenzisa amapayipi ngumuntu futha.

Ezinye izinto ezingekho nivame sishaye noma ekushoniseni emafutheni.

Ababili-unhlangothi futhi ezine-unhlangothi izinjini

idivayisi imoto yohlobo yokuqala kuyafakwa etinhlotjeni letibanti sasivumela ewumngcingo: mopeds, izithuthuthu ezishibhile, izikebhe benzokosilkah. kusimo Its ekulahlekelweni ingxube ezivuthayo ngesikhathi ukususwa qeda amagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhipha ngenkani kanye nabaqashi abafuna okungaphezu phezu qeda valve ukuzinza ezishisayo kukhona isizathu amazinga ukukhula motor.

Ngo injini ezine-unhlangothi ukuthi lawa yokuntula sibonga camshaft. Nokho, lesi simiso izinkinga zalo. Imodi engcono yokusebenza motor kufinyelelwa ebangeni elincane kakhulu linemibhikisho we crankshaft.

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ukuvela BU electronic kungenzeka ukuxazulula le nkinga. Ngo motor kudivayisi kwangaphakathi manje kuhlanganisa ukulawula kagesi, lapho elikhulu isikhathi imodi kukhethiwe.

Umgomo we operation

ICE usebenza kanje. Ngemva kokusebenza ingxube ekamelweni amandla omlilo, it is onomfutho futhi lokhelwa nge inhlansi. Lapho amandla omlilo kuveza ingcindezi superstrong okuyinto ushayela piston e uMbhalo. Useqala uphokophele iphuzu aphansi efile, okungukuthi umjikelezo iwashi lesithathu (emva isibalo sabahlengikazi abaqeqeshwayo futhi kokucindezelwa), ibizwa ngokuthi i-stroke. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngenxa piston iqala ukushintshanisa crankshaft. I piston yena, ukuthuthela iphuzu elingenhla efile, odlulela amagesi qeda, okuyinto yesine iwashi umjikelezo injini - ukukhululwa.

Zonke ukusebenza ezine-unhlangothi oluphakeme elula. Ukwenza kube lula ukuqonda indlela jikelele injini yemoto iyunithi kanye nomsebenzi walo kahle ukubuka ividiyo ubonisa ukusebenza kwe-yangaphakathi omlilo injini injini.

Tuning

abanikazi abaningi imoto zijwayele imoto, bafuna ukuba ubalekele amathuba wakhe kunaye anganika. Ngakho ngokuvamile ukwenza lokhu Tuning yenjini, okwandisa umthamo wayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi.

Ngokwesibonelo, it is chip Tuning laziwa lapho yikhompyutha reprogramming injini isethelwe ukusebenza ashukumisayo ngaphezulu. Le ndlela has kokubili abasekeli kanye nezitha.

Indlela ezivamile is silungisa injini, okuyinto wenza ezinye ekuguqulweni yayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka esikhundleni crankshaft nge ofanele ngaphansi pistons wakhe nama-rod yokuxhuma; Ibubulo elenziwe ngesimbi setha; enze zokukhwabanisa eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezihamba emoyeni iyiqiniso nokunye.

idivayisi yemoto akunzima kakhulu. Nokho, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lwezinto, ifake, kanye nesidingo kusebentisana emkhatsini kwabo, ukuze noma iyiphi izinguquko kwadingeka elamukelekile kudinga efaneleyo eliphezulu bangobani oyokwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokunquma kule, kuyakufanelekela ukuthatha nemizamo yokuthola yinkakha izikebhe bakhe beqiniso.