Yimuphi i-radiator engcono endlini yangasese? Ukubalwa kokushisa nokukhethwa kwemishini

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqoqa uhlelo lokushisa lwezindlu zezwe, kufanele uthuthukise iphrojekthi eningiliziwe. Kulesi simo, okokuqala, udinga ukunquma uhlobo lwemishini edingekayo, kanye nokwenza zonke izibalo ezidingekayo. Yisiphi i-radiator yokushisa engcono kakhulu yendlu yangasese, indlela yokukhetha kahle i-boiler namapayipi emigwaqweni emikhulu, yikuphi uhlobo lokubambisana oluzoba ngcono kulokhu noma uma kunjalo - funda konke ngalokhu kulesi sihloko.

Izakhi eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo

Ukwakha uhlelo lokushisa endlini yezwe kuzodingeka uthenge:

• I-boiler;

• Ama-Radiators;

• Ukujikeleza ipompo;

• Amapayipi emigwaqweni emikhulu.

Uzodinga futhi ukuthenga itanki lokunwetshwa. Ezisimweni zokushisa zanamuhla, imishini yesikhumba kuphela yaloluhlobo isetshenziswa kakhulu.

Yini okufanele ucabange lapho ukhetha ama-radiators

Ukuthenga amabhethri, okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele lokhu:

• Izici zabo zokwakha;

• Ukucindezela okukhulu kokusebenza;

• Amandla;

• Inani lezigaba.

Yimuphi i-radiator engcono endlini yangasese: izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Imbonini yanamuhla ikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningana zemishini efanayo. Ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathola amabhethri:

• Insimbi yokudonsa;

• Insimbi;

• Ukusuka ku-aluminium;

• I-Bimetallic.

Zonke lezi zinhlobo ze-radiator zokushisa zendlu yangasese zihle kakhulu. Ukuzikhethela kulokhu kuxhomeke ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokusebenza zesistimu ethile kanye namakhono wezimali abanikazi besakhiwo ngokwaso.

Ukubheja amabhethri ensimbi

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-radiators zalolu hlobo zibhekwa njengezindleko eziphansi nokuqina. Amabhethri esitshalo-iron ayengaphansi kokubola futhi angasebenza ngenkolo nangeqiniso kuze kube yiminyaka engu-50. Ukwengeza, bahlukumeza ikhwalithi yokupholisa futhi bangakwazi ukumelana kalula nokucindezela okukhulu kakhulu ohlelweni - kuze kufike ema-atmospheres angu-12.

Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zezinsimbi zensimbi zensimbi ziningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kwezinye izimo zingaba impendulo enhle kakhulu embuzweni wokuthi ama-radiators angakhetha ukushisa indlu yangasese. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezinzuzo, amabhethri anjalo ajwayele ukufakwa ezindaweni zokuhlala ezisemakhaya. Into ewukuthi ama-radiator aseSoviet alezi zinhlobonhlobo abukeka asendulo kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uvumelane nabo ngokuvumelana nendawo yangaphakathi yanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mabhethri anesisindo esikhulu futhi angasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezinezindonga ezinamandla kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngendlu eyakhiwe kusuka ekhoneni lokukhonkolo, ayifanele neze.

Ama-radiator ase-Cast-iron asezindlini zangasese afanelekile, kodwa anquma ukukhetha amamodeli anjalo, kufanelekile ukukhumbuza ukuthi ahluke ngokukhethekile ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu. Amabhethri anjalo afudumala kancane kancane, futhi ukudlulisa ukufudumala akukona okuphakeme kakhulu.

Izinsimbi zensimbi

Ama-radiator of this type, ngokuphambene nensimbi yensimbi, atshiswa ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukushisa izinhlelo zokulawula ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ulinganisa amabhethri ensimbi awuningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zingafakwa ezakhiweni ezinezindonga zenziwe noma yiziphi izinto zokwakha, kuhlanganise namabhuloki we-foam noma amaphaneli we-SIP.

Ama-radiator ensimbi ukushisa indlu yangasese, ngakho-ke, inhle kakhulu. Ukungaphumeleli kwabo kungukuthi fragility kuphela futhi abakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu. Impendulo yesibili yendlu yangasese ngokuvamile ayidlala indima enkulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela emipayipi ezakhiweni ezinjalo ngokuvamile akuyona into ephakeme kakhulu. Uma lesi sibalo kusistimu singadluli ama-atmospheres angu-7-8, ungathenga amamodeli ensimbi ngokuphepha. Nokho, umuntu kufanele anake izinga lepholile. Uma uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi emthonjeni noma emthonjeni olungasungulwa, kusadingeka ukwenqaba ukuthenga imishini enjalo. Lapho usebenzisa i-coolant-quality quality, ama-radiator anjalo ashesha ukugqwala futhi aqala ukuvuza.

Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi i-radiators ezizokhetha ukushisa indlu yangasese, kudingeke ucabange ukufaka ukuthenga uhlobo oluthile oluthile lwemishini yensimbi yalolu hlobo, olungabonakali esikhathini esidlule emakethe yasekhaya. Sikhuluma ngamabhethri enziwe ngensimbi engagqwali. Ama-radiator anjalo angadlula isikhathi eside kune-cast iron, abe nokusebenza kahle nokubukeka okukhangayo. Noma kunjalo, izinto ezinjalo zibiza, ngeshwa, zibiza kakhulu. Ukuvumela amabhethri alolu hlobo kungabanini kuphela abanikazi bama-cottages abakhulu.

Ama-aluminium Models

Inzuzo enkulu yama-radiator anjalo ukubukeka okukhangayo. Bheka ama-aluminium amabhethri ajwayelekile kakhulu futhi angene kalula kunoma yimuphi ongaphakathi. Ayithengi, kepha, njengama-iron-iron, ajwayelekile ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindlini zangasese. Konke mayelana nezidingo zabo eziphezulu ngekhwalithi yokupholisa. Emvelweni we-acidic, i-aluminium iyashesha ngokushesha ngokukhululwa kwegesi eliningi kakhulu. Futhi lokhu, kuholela ekuqhumeni kwesistimu nokuhluleka kwayo.

Ukushisa ama-radiators aluminium ngenxa yendlu yangasese, ngakho-ke, ifaneleke kuphela uma imigqa isebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nokucindezelwa, amamodeli anjalo kalula amelana nomthwalo we-atm angu-15.

Amabhethri e-Bimetallic

Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi i-radiator yokushisa engcono kakhulu endlini yangasese, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngokuthola imodeli yalolu hlobo kuqala. Amabhethri e-Bimetal njengamanje uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwemishini enjalo. Umklamo wama-radiators walolu hlobo uhlanganisa izinto ezenziwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zensimbi - aluminium kanye nensimbi (noma ithusi). Ngakho igama labo. Izinzuzo zama-radiator bimetallic, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zihlanganisa:

• Ikhono lokumelana nokucindezela okukhulu kakhulu kwe-coolant (kuze kube ngu-35 atm) nesando samanzi;

• Ukubukeka okukhangayo;

• Isisindo esincane;

• Ubude obude (abakwazi ukugcina iminyaka engama-25).

Ngokuvamile, i-radiator ye-bimetal yendlu yangasese ifaneleka kakhulu. Ukubuyekeza mayelana naloluhlobo lwamafomethi, olutholakala kwinethiwekhi, khomba lokhu ngokungahambisani. Abanikazi bezindlu zangasemaphandleni babheka imishini enjalo kakhulu kakhulu, kulula ukuyifaka nokusebenza. Ekubukeni, ama-radiators anjenge-aluminium, kodwa athembeke kakhulu. Idizayini abanayo ifana nokuthi ibukeka njengomkhiqizo we-monolithic. Njengoba ukusebenza kwala mabhethri kungcono kune-aluminium, kubiza kancane (cishe 25%).

Amandla ama-radiators

Ukubalwa kokushisa indlu yangasese kufanele kuqale ngokuzimisela kwalesi sakhi. Yiqiniso, ukukhethwa kwama-radiator ekwakheni elikhulu kufanele kugunyazwe ochwepheshe. Uma uhlelo luhlangene endlini encane yendaba yangasese, le nqubo ingenziwa ngokuzimela, ngokusho uhlelo olulula.

Ukuze ubala amandla webhethri, okokuqala udinga ukwazi imingcele enjenge:

• Ingqikithi yendawo yekamelo;

• Isinxephezelo esidingekayo sokushisa ukushisa.

Isibonakaliso sokugcina, uma usebenzisa uhlelo olulinganiselwe lokubala, ngokuvamile lichazwa njenge-1 kW yamandla ngamaminithi angu-10 wamabili (noma 1 m ² 100 W). Okokuthi, ukuze ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amabhethri adingekayo kwelinye icala noma kwelinye icala, udinga nje ukufaka inani elifunayo kwifomula N = S * 100 * 1.45, lapho i-S yindawo yendawo, 1.45 yi-coefficient yokushisa okushisa okusemandleni.

Okulandelayo, ake sibone ukuthi singabala kanjani i-radiators endlini yangasese kwisibonelo sokhonkolo. Le nqubo empeleni kulula kakhulu ukwenza. Isibonelo, ekamelweni elingu-4 m ubude no-5 m ubude, ukubalwa kuzobukeka kanje:

• 5 * 4 = 20 m ² ;

• 20 * 100 = 2000 W;

• 2000 * 1.45 = 2900 ama-watts.

Faka ama-radiators ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamafasitela. Ngakho-ke, inombolo yabo edingekayo ikhethiwe. Ezindlini ezinendawo engama-20 m ² ngokuvamile kunezingcingo ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, esibonelweni sethu, sidinga ama-radiator amabili anamandla angu-1450 watts. Lungisa lesi sibalo singaba ngokuyinhloko ngokushintsha inani lezigaba ebhethri. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, kufanele kube khona okwanele ukuze i-radiator ingene ngokukhululekile ku-niche ngaphansi kwefasitela.

Amandla wesigaba esisodwa kumabhethri wezinhlobo ezahlukene angahluka. Ngakho-ke, ama-radiator bimetallic 500 mm aphezulu, lesi sibalo ngokuvamile siyi-180 W, kanye nama-radiators ensimbi ashicilelwe-160 W.

Indlela yokukhetha i-boiler

Ngakho, sithole ukuthi iyiphi i-radiator engcono endlini yangasese. Uma ufisa, isakhiwo se-suburban ungakhetha kuzo zonke izinsimbi zensimbi ne-aluminium, izinsimbi zamabhethri noma ibhethrili. Kulesi simo, konke kuxhomeke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yokupholisa, ukucindezelwa ohlelweni kanye nezinto eziphakathi kwendawo. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlela iphrojekthi, kuyadingeka ukunquma izici zenye imishini edingekayo. Ngokubalulekile, kubalulekile ukubala umkhiqizo we-boiler. Imbonini yanamuhla ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezine zemishini efanayo:

• Ama-boilers kagesi;

• Umbane;

• Ukushisa kwamanzi;

• Ukushisa okuqinile.

Lapha abanjalo namuhla bayatholakala ikakhulukazi ekudayiseni kwamabilisi ukushisa indlu yangasese. Indlela yokukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwemishini enjalo - umbuzo awunzima kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-boilers kagesi afakwe emakhaya. Ukufakwa kwazo ngokuvamile kuyabiza. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo imishini enjalo ishibhile futhi ilula ukuyisebenzisa. Ama-boilers kagesi ashibhile, kodwa ayabiza ngokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, zifakiwe kaningi kuphela uma kungekho gesi eliseduze nendlu.

Ama-boilers asetshenziselwa ukushisa amafutha ne-diesel asetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni ezakhiwe ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kungukuthi, lapho kungekho gesi futhi kungekho imigqa yamandla. Okufanele imishini enjalo ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu futhi akuyona into elula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.

Ama-boilers ukushisa indlu yangasese: indlela yokukhetha amandla

Ukuze unqume le nkomba, ngokuvamile uqasha ochwepheshe. Ungazama ukubala amandla ebheyili kuphela indlu encane yezwe. Njengokukhethwa kwama-radiators, kulokhu, iqiniso lokuthi indawo engu-10 m ² yesikhala idinga ukuthi i-1 kW yamandla abilayo njengesisekelo.

Ukukhetha komdwebo wiring

Izindlela zokushisa zingafakwa ngezindlela eziningi. Ezindaweni ezincane zezwe, uhlelo olulula kakhulu lwe- "Leningrad" noma uhlelo oluphelile lokuphela kwesistimu luvame ukusetshenziswa. Ezikhathini zokuhlala ezisezingeni elingaphansi uhlelo lokuqoqa luvame ukusetshenziswa. Ezindlini zendabuko eyodwa zendawo enkulu kakhulu, uhlelo lokushisa olusebenza kahle kakhulu olubizwa ngokuthi i- Tichelman loop , lungabuye lwafakwa .

Indlela yokunquma ububanzi obudingekayo bezimpahla

Uma ubala ukushisa kwendlu yangasese, kufanele ubala lesi sibalo. Uma ububanzi be-trunk kukhethwe ngokungalungile, uhlelo ngeke lusebenze ngempumelelo. Ukuze uthenge amapayipi afanelekayo, kufanele uqale uthathe:

• Ngomthamo oshisayo wesistimu;

• Inhloko ephelele yepholile.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sibalwa ngefomula Q = (V * Δt * K) * 860, lapho iV vy volume, Δt umehluko ekamelweni lokushisa nendawo yangaphandle, K kuyinto yokulungisa (kuxhomeke ekungenikeni kwesakhiwo futhi inqunywa ithebula elikhethekile) .

I-velocity enkulu ye-coolant ohlelweni yi-0.36-0.7 m / s. Inani elitholakalayo lamandla ashisayo kanye nenkomba ekhanda ekhethiwe kufanele imane ishintshwe endaweni etafuleni lokuzimisela kwamapayipi.

Ngokuphathelene nezinto ezisemigqeni emikhulu, namuhla ezinkampanini ezincane zezwe nasemakhentsheni, ipulasitiki yensimbi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa. Nokho, uma uthanda, ungafaka esakhiweni sangasese sokuhlala kanye nensimbi noma ngisho namapayipi wezethusi abiza kakhulu.

Ukuthenga ipompo yokuhambisa

Uma ukhetha lolu hlobo lwemishini kufanele lunikezwe ikakhulukazi ngezinkomba ezimbili:

• Ngenhloko yokusebenza;

• Ngokusebenza.

Isici sesibili sibalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomu P = 3.6 x Q / (c x ΔT) (kg / h), lapho ΔT umehluko phakathi kwamazinga okushisa angaphandle nangaphandle, c ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi, kanye no- 1.6 ubukhulu.

Ikhanda lepompo elidingekayo linganqunywa ngefomula J = (F + R x L) / p x g (m), lapho uF ukumelana ne-valve, R ukuphikisana, L ubude besigaba, p ubukhulu bomthombo osebenzayo, g ukusheshisa ngenxa yemandla .