2 ppm utshwala - kungcono kangakanani utshwala usegazini?

Ukuze ukwazi okuqukethwe igazi utshwala, sebenzisa iyunithi ppm. Bonke zizwa ngakho, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lesi sibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bengeke aphendule umbuzo mayelana 2 ppm utshwala - kungcono kangakanani utshwala usegazini. ukuthi lokhu umthamo kuyingozi? Ake sicabangele lokho kuyahlanganiswa kuleli elithi, bangaki zihlanganisa eyodwa iyunithi ppm, futhi umthetho uthini mayelana lapho kuhlale emuva isondo kuyingozi, ngoba iyiphi Inkomba. Bangaki avunyelwe ukuphuza utshwala, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuvamile eyamukelekayo uma uya endleleni?

Ppm - kuyini?

Iyunithi ppm nesilinganiso ukunquma ukuthi umthamo utshwala ekhona igazi. Ibonisa senkulungwane utshwala emakamu igazi ethanol. Inkomba ungakwazi futhi ukukhomba kangakanani utshwala ladliwa.

Ukubhekana nalokhu iyunithi Kulula ngokwanele. Abantu abaningi asetshenziselwa ukusebenza titfo kulokuphelele inombolo - isigamu, ikota, okweshumi lwesithathu. Ngokuvamile zidinga izingcezu ezincane kakhulu, ngakho sasisincane kakhulu iphesenti, kuba ingxenye wokuhamba isamba. Kule mibiko nokuhlolisisa ukusebenza, lolu phiko livela kaningi. Kanjani ukuqonda, 2 ppm utshwala - lena kangakanani utshwala egazini?

Inkomba (ppm) namanje iyunithi ezincane kuno iphesenti - senkulungwane izidakamizwa. Ngakho, uma iphesenti uthayi futhi ppm, kuyafaneleka ukuthi omunye amaphesenti - ppm eziyishumi. Ppm lingokweshumi kwe amaphesenti.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri, okuqukethwe utshwala kunqunywa usebenzisa iyunithi ppm (‰), ngoba iphesenti (%) - Inani likhulu kakhulu. Isilinganiso ulinganiswa kumakhulukhulu, eshumini ppm, isibonelo, izinga 2 ngamunye izinkulungwane - eningi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi umzimba wonke ehlukene, bezibona utshwala kubantu besilisa nakubantu besifazane kuyahluka. Ngokulinganayo yokuthi isenzo ubuthi lwenzeka isimiso esifanayo. Esikhathini insikazi umzimba ppm buthelela ngokushesha kunokuba amadoda.

Kanjani ukubala ngelakho

Ukubalwa ppm, isimiso, akuhlukile ukubala njengoba amaphesenti, kodwa isithombe esigcwele kungaphazamisi leli dili. Njengoba sekushiwo, it is okhonjiswe mille ‰ uphawu, okusikhumbuza iphesenti%. Bona akumelanga siphanjaniswe. Elisho ezingeni utshwala, ubudlelwano ezilandelayo:

• 1/1000 ‰ = 1 0.1%;
• 1 = 1000 ‰ = 100% - Ukwakheka monofraktsionny ngaphandle ukungcola;
• 0.4 ‰ = 400 = 40%;
• 0,00024 = 0,24 ‰ kuyinto 0,024%.

Kanjani ukubala, 2 ppm utshwala - lena utshwala kangakanani? Ukugxila ubudlelwane ngenhla, okwenza kube lula 2 ‰ kuyinto 0.2% = 1/2000.

Umehluko phakathi iphesenti kanye ppm kwenzelwe nje okuzisholo. Ngemva ukuphuza isigamu sehora kamuva kufika isiqongo yeziboshwa zakhe. Ngosizo izibalo ukwazi ppm, ungathola amanani alandelayo:

• Okuqukethwe utshwala emva kwesikhashana.
• Umthamo isiphuzo utshwala yamukelwe.
• Singakanani isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba kukhululwe umzimba utshwala.

Ukuze abale lezi nemingcele njengoba ulwazi oludingekayo:

• Ubudala, isisindo, ubulili umuntu.
• % Of uketshezi emzimbeni.
• Umthamo utshwala idliwe ekuqaleni.

Ngokwesibonelo ukubala

abesilisa iMisa 82 kg. Baphuza 500 ml likagologo 40%.

In amadoda, ngesisindo sezinti amanzi imayelana 70%, okusho ukuthi kule Ngokwesibonelo kuba 57,5 kg. I kwabantu Ethanol undiluted - 0,79. Ngenxa yalokho, i-500 x 0.4 ukuthola 200 ml ukuhumusha amagremu x 200 0,79 158 aphume okumsulwa lotshwala kuyinto 158 g - 10% ukuthola 142,4.

Ngakho, emakamu ethanol kusuka odakiwe kuyinto 142,4: 57.2 = 2.5 ppm.
Manje kuyacaca, 2 ppm utshwala - lena utshwala kangakanani. Ukukala kuphezulu kakhulu.

Isibonelo libonisa ukuthi ukubala ppm zonke singatholwa yinoma ubani. Ukuze abale hhayi idatha eningi iyadingeka, ifomula ilula. Yazi ukuthi amanani anikeziwe okunemibandela, hhayi ngokuphelele. Phela, utshwala kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, kancane kancane. Ethanol icutshungulwe emzimbeni isikhathi esithile. Sidinga ukwenza isaphulelo ngeminyaka, isimo bokuphila komuntu.

Ithebula utshwala egazini

Umbuzo ethandwa iningi abashayeli kangakanani utshwala aqukethwe ngaphakathi eyamukelekayo 0,16 ppm. Okokuqala, umthetho uthi mayelana nokuqukethwe utshwala e mg ilitha kanti exhaling emoyeni, akusiyo emakamu egazini. Okwesibili, kulinganiswa ukubaluleka alcotester, iphutha wezinsimbi elihambisana value encishisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho umuntu nizithibe ngokuphelele, angakwazi amanga lomkhawulo.

Ukuqedela esithombeni ngezansi yitafula utshwala egazini at ngemithamo ahlukahlukene.

Kanjani utshwala ekuziphatheni

Kuye ngalokho lotshwala egazini ikhishwe amazinga eziningana lokudakwa. Isinyathelo sokuqala - ukukhanya ukudakwa emuva kwalokhu - kobukhulu ngokulinganisela, isinyathelo sokugcina kunakho, kungaholela ikhoma ngisho nokufa. Ngezinye isisindo ngamunye kg umthamo womuntu ebulalayo kunqunywa.

Khumbula ukuthi ngo-Iphesenti - 10 ppm. An izinga ejwayelekile isinyathelo ngasinye sokugcwaliseka%:

• 0.03 - ukudakwa akachaziwe.
• Kusukela 0.03 ukuze 0,06 - ukudakwa kancane.
• Kusukela 0,06 kuya 0,16 - i esigabeni sokuqala noma ukudakwa ukukhanya.
• Kusukela 0,16 kuya 0,26 - ngezinga isilinganiso noma ukudakwa ngokulinganisela.
• Kusukela 0,26 kuya 0.3 - degree yesithathu - a ukudakwa eqinile.
• Kusukela 0.3 kuya 0.6 - degree ogulisa ngokwedlulele lapho ikhoma kungenzeka ngisho nokufa.
• Kusukela 0.6 kuya 0.65 - umthamo ebulalayo utshwala.

Ngakho, isimo umuntu angakwazi ukuhlonza ukwabelana iphesenti khona utshwala egazini.

Imiphumela ukushayela

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kudingeka uhlale beshayela esimweni esisangulukisayo. Kodwa namanje, yini umkhawulo lokho lotshwala egazini kuyingozi? Sibheke indlela ukuziphatha komuntu izinguquko ukwanda mille ngayinye.

• 0,2 - 0,51 ‰. Kakade umthamo ezinjalo bezibona amaphutha kuyinto ezihambayo umthombo wokukhanya. Ijubane kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda isimo endleleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona isifiso ukusheshisa ukunyakaza. Kuleli zinga, umshayeli idlula isivinini, kodwa ngokunemba nokunakekela kuthinteka. Imoto kuyingozi kwabanye. Umshayeli alihambisani ibanga isikhawu.
• 0,51 - 0,81 ‰. Umshayeli engazizwa ibanga entweni ethile, lesi yakhoibrium kuyaphazamiseka, kwenzeke iphutha ukushayela kwenzeka. ukuhluleka Otchetliv ekuhloleni isimo. Nedekvatno waqonda amasignali ukukhanya, ibanga.
• 0,81 - 1,21 ‰. Relaxing nomthelela emzimbeni. I-engeli umbono kuyehla, umshayeli impendulo engeyinhle ukuba kwenzekani emhlabeni, izenzo ayilungile nabampofu, lokuhlushwa ukunakwa iphele. Umshayeli kuyingozi kakhulu kwabanye.
• 1,21 - 2,4 ‰. Njengoba umuntu ecacile sebedakiwe ilahlekelwa ukwazi. Ukuze sinqamukile umkhawulo obonayo, ua siphazamisekile ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi lokudakwa 2 ppm - esiyingozi ngokwedlulele, futhi uhlale beshayela indoda nje abakwazi.

umthamo ebulalayo

Yini umthamo utshwala kungenziwa ngokuthi obulalayo? Akukho impendulo eyodwa alikho, umzimba ngamunye has amakhono ayo. Ungasebenzisa kuphela ukwenza Ukuqagela zincike ku-avareji kanye nezinkomba. Lezi zinombolo ungenziwa kuphela kubonise kangakanani utshwala eyamukelekayo yini okufanele siyigweme.

izifundo eziningi zibonisa ukuthi 5-6 ppm - umthamo ebulalayo utshwala. ukudakwa Namandla uqala at 2 ppm. Bambalwa abantu baqonde migomo, abantu abaningi bakholelwa umthamo ngamalitha. Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: 2 mille utshwala ngalinye - lokhu vodka kangakanani? Senza izilinganiso anolaka.

Ngo 0.5 L likagologo yakhiwa utshwala okumsulwa 200 ml - 2.5 ppm okulingana. Ngenxa yalokho, umthamo ebulalayo kuyoba amabhodlela amathathu = 1.5 amalitha. Kodwa ukufa, zingaba khona kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi leli nani ladliwa phakathi nesikhathi lemfisha. Ngokwesibonelo, ihora elilodwa. Uma sicabangela isikhathi eside, isidlo, kukhona kuyofika ukudakwa eqinile, kodwa hhayi ukufa.

Nge ubhiya newayini, isimo sibukeka ezahlukene. Utshwala iqukethe ingasaphathwa. A umthamo ebulalayo iphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba has reflex lokuvikela ukudakwa - ukuhlanza, iningi labo utshwala iyasuswa.

On the ukufa sithinta isisindo, iminyaka yobudala bomuntu, ezifweni zawo yotshwala. Isimo siba sibi isifo sesibindi, wezinso, wesisu, futhi izinga utshwala.

amazinga utshwala kuvunyelwe

Izinkambiso ukufundwa ppm e 2017 kuhluke kakhulu kusuka 2010-2013, lapho enikeziwe ppm zero kuphela. It ayikuvumeli yisiphi isamba utshwala umusi in umoya. Umthetho iye elibuyekeziwe ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Kukhona imikhiqizo zingenalo utshwala, kodwa umshini ekhethekile ukukhombisa amayunithi amancane ppm. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• kvass;
• ushokoledi;
• ubhiya non-utshwala;
• yogurt;
• yogurt;
• juice ofudumalayo;
• amawolintshi;
• isangweji rye isinkwa namasoseji;
• banana perespevshy;
• fresheners umlomo;
• imithi ethile;
• ugwayi.

kwafakwa isilinganiso esincane semithi utshwala esikula imikhiqizo badlula ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umthetho waqeda zero ppm. Ngaphambili, umshayeli wasebenzisa ingilazi kvas noma kefir, ungase ulahlekelwe amalungelo iminyaka emibili. Leli qiniso yabangela impikiswano, futhi waphasisa umthetho ngo-2013. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-wesenzo kuyinsakavukela osekuyisikhathi utshwala baba 0,16 ppm ku umusi ngamakhala ukuthi ilingana 0.35 egazini. Isichibiyelo soMthetho yethulwa kuleli Imithetho Road.

izindlela isijeziso

Uma inani ppm idlula umkhawulo kuvunyelwe, umshayeli idlulisa izinhlawulo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthola kokuqala: inhlawulo ka eziyinkulungwane 30, kanye umshayeli ilahlekelwa amalungelo isikhathi iminyaka 1.5-2.
• Secondary sokwephulwa kwe: isigwebo sizoba ngama-50 000, umshayeli bancishwa amalungelo iminyaka engu-3.

Uma abantu bancishwa uthole beshayela, angase abhadle kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-15.
Ningabeki ithemba lenu zokuthutha akho kunoma ubani, ikakhulu indoda e ukudakwa eqinile oludakayo. Ukudlulisa lokulawula Kulezo zimo, umnikazi imoto futhi bahlawuliswa in inani 30 000, futhi engalali ilayisensi yokushayela kufika eminyakeni engu-2.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ke kulindeleke ukuthi uphasiswe, nakakhulu ukoma izidingo abashayeli odakiwe. Qaphela!