Amatshe kaPeter Gronsky: angaphi lapho?

I-Urals idume ngokukhangayo kwayo yemvelo, iheha abathanda ukuzikhandla abakhuthele. Phakathi kwazo, okuthiwa amadwala kaPeter Gronsky awawona owokugcina. Zinezinkulumo eziyinqaba futhi amakhulu eminyaka, umcabango wezizakhamuzi zendabuko zalezi zindawo, ezinika amandla angaphezu kwamandla.

Ubani uPeter Gronsky?

Kukholelwa ukuthi amadwala ayebizwa ngokuthi udumo lomsebenzi wezombusazwe, owabe esefihla izikhali lapho, efundisa abaguquki ukuthi bazokudubula kanjani, futhi bekulungele ukulwa nekusasa elikhanyayo. Izifundo ezenziwe eminyakeni yamuva azikwazanga ukuqinisekisa lolu lwazi. Into esiyikwazi ukuyiqonda ukuthi umuntu onjalo wayehlala ngempela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 e-Iset esiteshini, kodwa akazange azibonakalise ngesikhathi sezinguquko zango-1917, kusukela esemncane.

I-Petrogrom

Leli gama lesibili lamadwala laphakanyiswa umvubukuli u-E. M. Bers. Uhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi baheha ukukhanya njengemagnet. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhamuzi zithi zivela kuleli qembu lamadwala ukuthi izivunguvungu zivame ukufika ku-Iset.

Umsuka

Amatshe kaPeter Gronsky, avela endaweni yokubuka, ayingxenye ye-Upper Iset massif, ehlanganisa indawo enkulu. Nakuba iziqongo zezintaba eziningi ezizungezile zihlotshaniswa "nezifanekiso" zamatshe ezinhlobonhlobo eziyinqaba, into ehlonipheke kakhulu kulo lonke itshe lihlala liyiPetrograd.

Ngokwezazi ze-geologists, iminyaka yobudala yokwakha amatshe, cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-300. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi babulawa kakhulu, okwaholela ekubunjweni kwemifantu eqondile futhi eqondile. Lezi ziphutha zavela ngisho nangesikhathi sokupholisa ama-magma, nomphumela wokulimaza wokukhukhula kwamanzi wawaqinisa futhi wajuliswa. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa amakholomu aqondile, ahlanganiswe namacwecwe ajikeleziwe, phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo eziningi ezijulile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa ama-slits.

Incazelo

Amatshe kaPeter Gronsky asuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Ukuphakama okukhulu kunemitha engu-15. Ekubukeni kokuqala, kufana namanxiwa edonga elikhulu lenqaba nemibhoshongo, elabhujiswa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesitha.

Amadwala kaPeter Gronsky, izithombe ezihlotshaniswa nama-albhamu amaningi anikezelwe izimangaliso zemvelo ze-Urals, kanye nentaba ngaphezu kwedolobha elidumile likaDeveli elihlala emamitha angu-23.

Umlando

Amatshe kaPeter Gronsky (indlela yokuthola imoto - bheka ngezansi) ayaziwa njengesayithi eliyigugu lokuvubukulwa. Ngesikhathi sokumba kwakutholakala izinto ze-ceramic nezensimbi zamasiko amabili: I-Itkul (ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye kuya ku-5 BC) ne-okuthiwa i-Petrogrom (isigamu sesibili sonyaka we-1 weminyaka AD). Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ze-ceramic zikhombisa ukuqhubeka ekukhiqizeni izinto ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye namathuluzi egqumeni likaPeter Gronsky kusukela ekhulwini lesi-5 BC. E. Kuze kube ngu-12-13 eminyaka. N. E. Futhi mayelana nezixhumanisi "ezihlobene" nezakhamuzi zendawo kanye nezizwe zehlathi kanye ne-forest-steppe zone ye-Trans-Urals.

Ingxube ye-Metallurgical

Ngokusho kwabavubukuli, abantu basendulo baqothula ithusi endaweni yamadwala. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ngisho ukuthi kukhona into enjengeyinkimbinkimbi yezintaba-metallurgical e-Mount Petrograd. Cishe, i-ore yayingenisiwe. Isakhi esikhethekile sasilungiswa kuso, okuhlanganisa amathambo namathambo. Khona-ke yafakwa emafenjini aqhakazile, bese isetshenziselwa amafomu akhethekile, ukuthola imikhiqizo efanele. I-Copper kanye nemicibisholo yemicibisholo, kanye nemihlobiso ehlukahlukene, njll yenziwe ngamathelishi akhiqizwa. Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi kakade kulezo zikhathi ezide kakhulu abantu basekhaya basebenze ubudlelwane bokuhweba obusebenzayo nabantu abakhelene nabo, futhi imikhiqizo yensimbi ekhishwa ezintabeni zasePetrogrom yasakazeka kude Ngaphandle kwesifunda sase-Ural. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye ezitholakala endaweni yamadwala zivumela umuntu ukuba enze ukucabanga ukuthi i-metallurgists yasendulo yayinolwazi olwanele, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi ezingezona zensimbi (isibonelo, isiliva nethusi) ukungcola ngesikhathi sokuqhaqhazela.

E. M. Bers wathola endaweni edwaleni uPetr Gronsky (indlela yokufinyelela kuyo, uzokwaziswa kamuva) izimpondo ezingu-18 ze-metallurgical. Lezi zindawo zasendulo zazihlonywe emithonjeni yamadwala, okwabangela ukuba kutholakale umoya-mpilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunikezwa kwamandla okusebenza okusebenzayo kwasetshenziswa. Ama-metallurgical ama-slabs, afinyelela ubude buka-1.5 m, futhi enye yezindonga zawo yayakhiwe ngamabhuloki amancane, ukuze kube lula ukususa izingotsheni zensimbi eziqediwe.

Amatshe kaPeter Gronsky: ungathola kanjani ukusuka e-Ekaterinburg

I-Petrogrom itholakala ngamakhilomitha amathathu kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesiteshi sesitimela. Isiteshi se-Iset futhi ku-1-1.5 km eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesikhulumi 479 km. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ufike kubo, kwanele ukuya esiteshini sesitimela e-Yekaterinburg bese usebenzisa isitimela kagesi esilandelayo uNizhny Tagil. Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-40 ukushayela, ufika emakhilomitha angu-479.

Ukushiya imoto, kuzodingeka uhambe. Njll futhi uye esitokisini sokuthutha umphakathi (isakhiwo esincane esincane setshe). Kuye kwesokudla kuyoqala indlela eya ehlathini. Ukuqhubeka kuwo futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi uhambe ngqo, ngaphandle kokubamba. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 kuya ku-30 uhamba endleleni iyophakama emgodini ophakeme futhi ufinyelele. Abavakashi abafisa ukuhlola ama-Petrogrom amatshe, udinga ukukhetha indlela eholela ngakwesokudla. Khona-ke ku-100 m bazoba khona emgomweni.

Amatshe kaPeter Gronsky njengento yokuvakasha

Ukuvakashela lesi sikhumbuzo semvelo kuyothakazelisa abantu abadala kanye nezingane. Kusukela ehlobo ungathola kubo eduze imoto, ungaya kubo nezingane. Ngokuqondene nendlela eya emadwaleni ebusika, abathandi bemisebenzi yangaphandle bangabathanda, ngoba bekutholile ukuthi beyiphi indlela ekhethekile ehamba ngayo.

I-Petrogrom eseduzane isinciphisa, futhi eduze nomugqa wamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eduze, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yamadwala, umthombo wamanzi.

Abavakashi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bancoma ukuthi bahlanganise ukuhamba kuleli khumbuzo lesimo semvelo lase-Ural ngokuya eChertovo Gorodishche, kanye nohambo oluya eLakekoe Lake elihle kakhulu.

Amatshe ahle kakhulu emahoreni ekuphumeni kwelanga noma ukushona kwelanga, ngakho labo abathanda "ukuzingela" izithombe zangempela, kungcono ukuya kubo ngalezi zinsuku. Ngendlela, kungenziwa kalula, ngoba isitimela siyahamba siyeke. Into engu-479 km kusukela ku-7: 13 kuya ku-20:50. Inani lezindiza ezingu-9.

Uhambo lokuhamba

Enye yezindlela ezihambela izivakashi ziqala eYekaterinburg. Kungcono ukuqala ukusebenzisa imoto, uye emgwaqeni we "Serovskiy" (umgwaqo P352), hamba uye eNizhny Tagil, uye ngakwesobunxele uqondise i-Sredneuralsk emgwaqeni we-Sredneuralsk no-Pyshma. Okulandelayo, udinga ukushayela eduze kweSovetskaya Street, futhi emgcekeni wokuqala wenze ukuphenduka ngakwesobunxele ku-Bakhteyeva Street. Khona-ke kufanele uhambise e-Main Street futhi ngemuva kokuhamba ngomzila wesitimela uqhubeke ne-Isetskaya, udlule umuzi waseKoptyaki. Ngokushesha leli chibi lizovela, elizodinga ukuzungeza futhi lingene emzaneni. Ukusuka lapho udinga ukushayela endaweni yokuma. Into engu-479 km emgwaqweni. E.

Yilapho lapho udinga khona ukushiya imoto bese uqala ukuhamba nxazonke zokwakha izakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Ngasemuva kwalesi sakhiwo kuqala indlela eholela ehlathini. Kuyo kudingekile ukukhuphuka ngokuqondile, hhayi ukuvala, cishe 1,5 km. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-20-25, amadwala kaPeter Gronsky azovela. Izithombe zezokuvakasha azidlulisi ubukhosi bazo bonke, ngoba, kungabi lula kubo, kunzima ukucabanga ngobukhulu beqiniso lesikhumbuzo semvelo.

Isithiyo sokuqala endleleni yabahambi kuyoba yisiphambancane esincane, bese umzila uzoba mkhulu. Udinga kuphela ukuhamba ngqo, kodwa esigodini, kufanele ujikeleze ngakwesokudla uphinde uhambe ngamamitha ayi-100.

Manje uyazi ukuthi yini ethakazelisayo edwaleni likaPeter Gronsky, ungafinyelela kulo, usebenzisa ulwazi olwethulwe kulesi sihloko. Abantu basendaweni yakudala bathi basakaza amandla amakhulu okuphulukisa amandla, ngakho-ke, ekubeni kulezi zingxenye, ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokuphila okunempilo futhi uthole ukuvuselela okunamandla iminyaka eminingi ezayo.