Anatomy of the vertebrae wesibeletho, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi

emgogodleni womuntu yakhiwa ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 amathambo, elihlanganiswa ngezigaba 5. Lokhu wesibeletho, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum futhi coccyx. Ngamunye the emgogodleni has umsebenzi kanye netimphawu kwesakhiwo. Kukhona ukwahlukana phakathi amathambo, phezu kwamanga futhi kuyiqiniso. Sacrum futhi coccyx kungenziwa kwiqembu ka amathambo zamanga.

emgogodleni wesibeletho

Kungakanani amathambo wesibeletho lihlukile ukuphumula? Bawenza kanjani ukubheka? Le mibuzo kungenziwa kalula waphendula, njengokuba nazi isakhiwo sokukhubazeka komgogodla.

Ngo yomgogodla, 7 amathambo wesibeletho, okuyinto kuyiqiniso eqenjini. Basuke kuhambisana nezinye ekhethekile umsipha-kwemisipha apharathasi ngamunye, ehlanganisa akwazi ukugcina intervertebral nezihlanganiso. isakhiwo Nezimo ikuvumela ukushayela uma ushayela ukukwehlisela umthwalo phezu emgogodleni nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha yayo.

Zonke amathambo yomgogodla wesibeletho ngeminyaka, ukuthuthukisa kanye akha lordosis - a ukugoba ekhethekile emaceleni okusikhumbuza concavity. vertebra ngamunye uhlukile nomunye.

Anatomy we vertebra wesibeletho, i-lokuqala nelesibili, ngokuphongoza bonke abanye. Ngenxa amathambo 1 no-2, umuntu ungavula ikhanda ecaleni kanye Nyakazisa ukwenza ikhanda.

nokwakheka kwe-vertebra

Isakhiwo amathambo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo. vertebra ngamunye Unomzimba futhi izinqubo arc. Umzimba - lokhu uqweqwe ingxenye vertebra lapho phezulu kanye phansi nebuso omunye amathambo, phambili lobani ebusweni ngilugweda sisuke silinganiselwe, ngemuva isicaba.

Konke umzimba vertebral ifakwe imbobo okunomsoco lapho imithambo yegazi kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa.

I arc we vertebra lwakha foramen vertebral nokukhawulela umhlane izinhlangothi. Kutholwe ngaphezu komunye nomunye, lwesikhathi yakha umsele umgogodla. Ngaye emgogodleni sihamba.

ubuso Posterolateral emizimbeni vertebral uqale ukuvaleka kwakhiwa vertebral lwaleli unyawo oludlula ku ipuleti lwaleli vertebral.

Laphezu (engenhla nengezansi) imilenze babe abafanele cut vertebral. Ukunamathela i vertebra eduze, akha imbobo intervertebral.

vertebra Arc has 7 izinqubo. inqubo Spinous iqondiswa posteriorly. Labo abasele abanga-6 abhanqiwe. Joint engenhla, ngokuhlanganyela ephansi futhi izinqubo transverse.

Zonke 4 zinama inqubo articular evele ngokuhlanganyela. Ngosizo lwabo, amathambo eduze zihambisana ndawonye.

Anatomy of the vertebrae wesibeletho

amathambo wesibeletho kwezokwelapha ngokuthi nezinhlamvu zamagama nezinombolo (incwadi C inombolo-1 kuya 7). Amathambo zinezikhathi emizimbeni ongaphakeme enwetshiwe phansi. ebusweni ngilugweda komzimba (elingenhla kwesokudla, phambi engezansi ukuze ulondoloze). Ngezinye 3-6 amathambo phezu elingenhla lubonakale isigqugquzeli ohlangothini imiphetho akha hook umzimba.

imbobo yezilwane ezinomgogodla kuyahluka ukuma elingunxantathu, ezibanzi.

izinqubo Articular kuqhathaniswa nezinye, dlala, obliquely bemi, ezindaweni zawo noma kancane convex noma flat.

inqubo Spinous uthome 2, 7 isiphetho amathambo kancane yinde. 6 vertebra kuhlukaniswa ekupheleni, kukhona phansi kancane ezintweni ezingafanele.

Izinqubo transverse zimfushane, iqondiswe izinhlangothi. Phezulu yokhalo ngamunye ubabonisa furrow. Uyahlukana uhlevane kwi front futhi bakhulise, njengoba sihamba emsipheni umgogodla.

Anatomy of the vertebra wesibeletho Kuyathakazelisa ngoba umehluko yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, 6 vertebra ikakhulukazi ithuthukiswe phambi Lobe. Vala lapho sihamba carotid Umthambo, okuyinto sicindezelwe ngazo ukopha kuye. Ngakho-ke, i-Bump libizwa ozele.

Izinqubo transverse akhiwa izinqubo ezimbili. Front - a rudiment we izimbambo, emuva - ngokwakho inqubo. Bobabili izinqubo - it is kokuvula izitobhi. Hole okuthiwa igazi vertebral, njengoba udabula Umthambo vertebral futhi Vienna nozwela plexus sezinzwa.

Ihlukile lonke amathambo

Kusukela amathambo asele kuhluke: i vertebra lokuqala wesibeletho (Atlas) kanti eyesibili (-eksisi vertebra), lwesikhombisa (aphumele vertebra).

I vertebra lokuqala

Esikhathini Atlas ayinakho umzimba futhi inqubo spinous. Vertebra imelelwa iringi ezakhiwe lwesikhathi ezimbili (front futhi bakhulise). Lezi lwesikhathi kuthiwa oxhumene by uquqaba ekhethekile lateral. Top concavity okusaqanda ixhunywe ithambo occipital, futhi phansi nge ebusweni cishe flat we vertebra yesibili.

Ngesikhathi phambi arc has a Bump, ngemuva kukhona endaweni encane ivi - izinyo umgodi.

Ngesikhathi ezingemuva arc kuyinto tubercle, futhi phezu emseleni lapho Umthambo vertebral (ngezinye izikhathi ibe isiteshi).

Anatomy of the wesibeletho amathambo Atlas uhlukile phakathi kwabanye. Kanye amafomu amabili amathambo inhlanganisela eliyingqayizivele okuvumela ukuze kukwazi ukunyakaza ngendlela ezahlukene inhloko.

vertebra yesibili

I vertebra wesibili i upwardly iqondiswe kusuka umzimba ngezinyo, ichopho okuyinto ekugcineni (uphinyiselwe fossa izinyo Atlas anterior ebusweni articular, le transverse Atlas umsipha ngokuhlanganyela eduze kwamanzi ngemuva).

It uzungeza ugebhezi izinyo kanye vertebra lokuqala wesibeletho.

izinqubo transverse ngaphandle namabhampa anemifantu we emsipheni umgogodla.

vertebra lwesikhombisa

Isilawuli lwesikhombisa vertebra wesibeletho kuhlukile ukuthi unakho inqubo eside spinous (nerazdvoenny). Ubizwa kubonakala ngeso lenyama, futhi kulula ukuzizwa sengathi ngesikhumba. Ngenxa yalesi sici, futhi lethiwa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, omunye vertebra nezinqubo transverse eside. I izimbobo efana noma ezincane, noma ngingekho.

Unqenqema engezansi ohlangothini ebusweni umzimba ngokuvamile has a isici (fossa costal). Lokhu okuthiwa okuhlangana ithrekhi ikhanda 1 ubambo.

Zonke amathambo wesibeletho - kuyinto amathambo eqinile futhi enamandla. Ukwazi ngezindlela zazo, kungaba azimisele kalula emgogodleni ithambo ukubukeka.