Artem Mikoyan (izindiza): Biography, izithombe

fighters Soviet MIG baziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kungani-ke bambiza futhi ngubani umklami izindiza owasungula izindiza? Artem Mikoyan (1905-1970) - izindiza Soviet, umfowabo sezombangazwe owaziwa Anastas Mikoyan, iSoviet Union - kanye unjiniyela Mikhail Gurevich izindiza abadali lezi fighters. Igama lawo livela kwelithi Fusion of izinhlamvu zokuqala amagama abalobi ngegama elithi "futhi". Lesi sihloko ngeke ukhulume nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi ayengaphansi. Abafundi kufanele abe nesithakazelo ukwazi indlela abe umklami izindiza Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan.

Umlando wokuphila: ebuntwaneni

Ngo-1905, i-esisezintabeni edolobhaneni Sanahin, elalisendlini Borchali wesifunda esifundazweni Tiflis, ingxenye Russian Empire (namuhla Sanahin - esifundeni Alaverdi, Armenia), wazalwa umfana, owayebizwa ngokuthi Anushavan. Umkhaya wakubo izingane eziningi; yena waba ingane encane ka umbazi Hovhannes Nersesovich Mikoyan, owayesebenza smelter zendawo Talidy Otarovna - wekhaya. Emfundweni izinyane abathintekayo nezingane ezindala, ikakhulukazi umzalwane Anastas - yezombangazwe, party kanye nesimo bakusasa owaziwa ye-USSR. Ngakho, Mikoyan Artem Ivanovich - izindiza - esengumntwana wachitha ezintabeni, lapho wayekuthanda bagcine indiza ezinkozi, steamed up esibhakabhakeni. Somewhere kweminyaka eyi-5 eye wasiza abaphezulu umhlambi izimbuzi ephelezelwa umhlambi ezintabeni.

kumiswa

imfundo yamabanga aphansi Artem Mikoyan etholakala esikoleni sendawo Sanahin, okuyinto zazigcinwa eponymous sezindela Christian lasendulo - Armenia isikhungo samasiko esifundeni. Ngemva kokufa okuzumayo nguyise Talida Otarovna isinqumo ukuhlonza uthunjana esifunda esikoleni Armenia e Tbilisi. Wathweswa iziqu ke ngo-1918. Ngemva kwalokho waphindela esigodini sakubo futhi, njengokhozi nomfowethu omdala, waqala ukuba nesithakazelo imisebenzi wamavukelambuso, wazihlanganisa iYoung Communist League futhi ngisho esimisiwe inhloko-Komsomol wendawo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-ezimbalwa Anastas Mikoyan waqokwa UNobhala weKomidi Central we South-East-Bureau of the CP. Ngokushesha ngemva kwesikhathi sakhe ubiza umfowabo omncane ukuba Rostov yakhe.

umsebenzi Experience

Ukufika e-Russia, e-Artem Mikoyan engena esikoleni ifektri "Krasny aksay", lapho eqala ukufunda ngesikhathi turner, bese wathatha umsebenzi efemini wendawo. Ngokulandelayo, wayesemsebenzini workshop ujantshi. Okwesikhathi esithile, lapho ayalolongwa amakhono akhe, kodwa uqaphele ukuthi kungenzeka ubizo lwakhe.

Ngelilodwa nje, Artem Mikoyan, ogama biography is okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, wacela ulwazi futhi ukuthola nabo, wanquma ukuya eMoscow. Lapha wathola ifektri "Dinamo" - ngowokuqala ngqa eU.SSR inkampani kagesi. Kukulo muzi lapho-ke yashintsha igama lakhe Artem Anushavan futhi Ovanesovich patronymic - ukuze Ivanovic.

Wayengumuntu bagxile emsebenzini wakhe kangangokuthi akazange athole isikhathi yokwemukela eyunivesithi. Kodwa lesi sitshalo, wathola enye imfundo ukuphila nokuzuza okuhlangenwe nakho okulusizo kuzo zonke izici. E-Moscow Artem engela esingu kusukela ukuzihlanza, zalala ngokoqobo ngaphansi yokugeza.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, nomfowabo omdala Anastas kakade ngaba nesikhundla esiphakeme kuhulumeni, kodwa junior ongazange azivumele ukuba siphendukele kuye nge isicelo ukunikeza kuye izindlu. Emndenini wabo ayamukelwanga: wonke umuntu wayefuna ukuba ezimele hhayi casula isicelo lomunye. Artem Anastas kuphela wabhala ukuthi e Moscow, ngathola umsebenzi futhi kulungile.

Yisosha

Ekupheleni 1928 A. Mikoyan ngabuthelwa Red Army futhi wathunyelwa edolobheni Livny, bese, ukuba akuthandayo, ngabelwa Military Ivanovo Ascension School emzini orel. Ngemva kokuqeda inkonzo yezempi, wathenjiswa ukuhlala esikolweni begodu bathola lezempi, kepha akavumanga, futhi wabuyela nemisebenzi yabo odlule. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi "samandla".

ukushaya

Nge lesi sitshalo, wakwazi ukufaka-Air Force Academy yaqanjwa N. Zhukovsky. Ekugcineni, wafika iphupho yobuntwana. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amaFulentshi wenza esiphuthumayo kokufika indiza edolobhaneni lakubo. Village abafana, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Anushavan, wagijima ukubheka giant inyoni-mshini. Little anush (njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo kafushane oseduze) lwaya Ubuke engumFulentshi Mechanical bawahlolisisa umshini ezindizayo, ngisho nesibindi zokusondelana. Wabona amehlo ecwebezela lomfana, bambiza eduze futhi ake ukubona "ngaphakathi" inyoni isimangaliso.

Kuze kube wayesesangweni-Air Force Academy, iphupho ibashiye indiza yakhe. Futhi manje yena waba umfundi kuphela kuleli zwe lesikhungo lapho ungafunda mkhakha zezindiza onjiniyela. Njengoba unyaka wesithathu esikoleni-le-Academy, waphinda futhi waqinisekisa ngenxa yokuthi wayenesifiso Artem Mikoyan: izindiza - lena umsebenzi, okuyinto afuna ukukwenza zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe. Ngo-1935 yasisedlula internship e-University of laseKharkov. Lapha-ke kwase kuqala kufakwe ehhovisi design, futhi wakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni indiza, imodeli zokuhlola i-HAI-1.

umsebenzi Independent: aseqala njengoba umklami

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe kusukela laseKharkov Artem Mikoyan wayelambe kakhulu ukwenza iphrojekthi sakhe - ukukhiqizwa indiza entsha usebenzisa izindiza injini ubudala, okwayinika unjiniyela Shitikov. Ndawonye nabangane bakhe Pavlov Samarinym Artem yakhelwe imodeli ezemidlalo flying umshini. Kodwa ngalé kwalokho abakwazanga ukuya, ngoba kwakungekho imali, akukho imishini. Kodwa ayethula imidwebo indiza ku Osoaviahima labetibambile emncintiswaneni lonke. Ukuze kujabule izingane, nomsebenzi wabo ubelokhu eqashelwa njengoba best, futhi kule ndaba, amalungu amajaji, kwanqunywa ukunikeza ithuba abaklami abasha ukwakha amakhophi ukuboniswa walo mshini flying.

ukuphila Siqu

Ukuphela 30 kwaba yimpumelelo for Mikoyan, hhayi kuphela ngokuya nge-career, kodwa futhi on the front siqu. Wahlangana intombazane enhle Zoe Lisitsina at usuku lokuzalwa umngane wakhe Gevorg Avetisyan. Phakathi kwabo Kwalandela uzwela, kamuva lakhula laba uthando. Ngemva umndeni wakhe ukukhetha evunyiwe Artyom H. washada Zoya Ivanovna, bese womkhaya osemncane labelwa ikamelo efulethini ngokuhlanganyela ku Kirov Street. Kukhona futhi kwawenza ukuphila Talida Otarovna. Kamuva, ngo-Umlando wakhe, u-Anastas Mikoyan wabhala mayelana indodakazi ukuthi kahle zangena nemindeni yabo Armenia wayenomusa ihlanganise, amasiko-Armenian abathandekayo. By the way, wayengumhlali isisebenzi tass.

imisebenzi eminye

A. Mikoyan, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wathunyelwa ulusizo ucwaningo Design Bureau. ikhanda lawo bekungelegolide edumile izindiza umklami UNikolai Polikarpov. Wayengumuntu kakade ujwayelene izindiza eyenziwe Mikoyan, ngalesi sikhathi kwase sekwakhiwe, ngokuthi "Octobrist" futhi isetshenziselwe izinjongo ukuqeqeshwa e Osoaviahima. Yena wawufana ezithembisa Artem izindiza futhi kufakwe kuyo ukusebenza phezu fighter-15 iqembu.

ngokushesha Polikarpov waqaphela ukuthi Mikoyan kungenziwa aziphathiswanga kuphela inqubo ngcono onobuhle ekhona, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa amasha. Kuyinto kuleli qembu, Artem Ivanovich wahlangana Gurevich, kamuva ababa co-umbhali we MiGs ezidumile emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, umsebenzi kubo waqala kuphela ngemva A. Mikoyan waqokwa inhloko umklamo bureau yenomboro isitshalo 1 Osoaviahima. Kulapha ayengakwenza ukuze umsebenzi ohamba phambili ku ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zabo.

Artem Mikoyan MIG - the best of the best

Iqiniso lokuthi wakwazi ukwakha intuthuko kweqiniso emlandweni zezindiza Soviet. Mig-1 kwaba indiza yokuqala ngqa ihlolwe ngosayizi ophelele e emgudwini womoya. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi isikhathi lendiza zingancishiswa kakhulu, futhi Dynamics izindiza - okuningi ngcono. Futhi konke lokhu iye ukubuzisisa ngesikhathi ngendiza yokuqala. Zonke abahloli baye ukufika khona esiphelweni ezivamile ukuthi izindiza kabani ukusebenza kunamandla ngaphezu kwazo zonke esedlule. Nokho, Artem Mikoyan - izindiza (isithombe uma uyibona isihloko) - awazange nomkhawulo usumisiwe futhi ngokushesha nje ngaqala imodeli okuthuthukile, ethiwa MIG-3. Nguye owaba izindiza ethandwa kakhulu eSoviet Air Force.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Noma kunjalo, phakathi nempi kwaba sobala ukuthi MiGs yethu ezicini ezithile kunabayeni izindiza German. Khona-ke Mikoyan waqala ngcono indiza kusungulwe kuye. Ngo-1942, kakade inikeza ezinamandla kakhudlwana imodeli indiza nge injini AM-29. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ke waqaphela the best, yena Mikoyan wayeqonda ukuthi izindiza piston esingenalo ikusasa futhi kudingeka beveza into entsha ngokuphelele. Bese Kwathi yokuthi indiza Soviet kudingeka indiza jet izinjini. Nokho, ukuze kwetfulwe loluhlelo kwaba kuphela ngemva kwempi, nakuba ukuthuthukiswa yabo sewenziwe ubunzima balezi zinsuku impi. Ngo-1946 wakha MIG-9 waba ngowokuqala mass-kukhiqizwa jet fighter USSR.

Ngo sokuthula,

Ngo-1947, Mikoyan sidalwe omunye imodeli - I-MIG-15. ukuhlolwa zakhe zazenziwe eKorea phakathi impi eminyakeni 1950-1953. Wabonwa njengoba fighter best of the 40s. Futhi kwakungeyona nje injini ngcono, kodwa futhi amaphiko umcibisholo emise. A inzuzo ngokucacile leli izindiza wayebuye esihlalweni umshayeli ejection. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, indiza MIG-15 kwasala main Soviet Air Force. Wabe usubizwa ngokuthi "indiza isosha lesizwe."

Ekuphetheni

A. Mikoyan Eminyakeni eyalandela onobuhle ezintsha sezihambile more bezindiza zakhiwa. Igama lakhe waziwa emhlabeni wonke. Latest imodeli, akhiwa kuye, kwaba-MIG-21, nakuba wadala ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa yayo ye MIG-25 ngo-1975, usetha irekhodi emhlabeni, okuyinto namanje kuhlulekile ukushaya. Artem Mikoyan umhlala olingana uColonel Jikelele. Kabili waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko Socialist Labour. Washona endizeni oluvelele ngoDisemba 1970. On the odongeni lwendlu lapho ayehlala khona, kwathiwa efakwe a qwembe lwesikhumbuzo.