Bird Tern: incazelo, isithombe

Ukuchitha isikhathi eduze kwamanzi (emifuleni noma emachibini), bonke kumelwe ukuba wabona naphakathi begodu nondescript Uma unganakile, izinyoni wasolwandle emhlophe. Abantu babizwa seagull ngoba zifana. Empeleni, lokhu Tern Evamile (Charadriiformes oda). Isaziso kungaba isici kwendiza ebukhali, izwi kancane raspy uma kwenzeka i-alamu. Lona uhlobo lalivamile yezinyoni, ngokuvamile ukwakha amakoloni enkulu. Nokho, njengoba izinhlobo eziningi, zingabantu sengozini uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi, futhi, eqinisweni, womuntu.

River Tern: incazelo

Uhlobo ajwayelekile kakhulu kwenzeka kulo eningizimu nezimfunda. Le nyoni nenhle usayizi nephuphu. Ubude umzimba 30 kuya 35 cm, kodwa nge esikhulu namaphiko - 70-80 cm ahluka-100 kuya ku-180 g Feathering isici ukucasha grey ukukhanya noma mhlophe.. Ekhanda lakhe "cap" a black umbala ecwebezelayo. Ukugqama unika uqhwaku kuphela abomvu (black top) futhi ngezinyawo. izwi Tern kungaba zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa wabusa nge eziphansi kwekhanzi isici abukhali, rasping, kuzwakala mayelana ngokuthi "kierr" ngezinye izikhathi ethule xaxa futhi enokuthula "ki-ki-ki".

Ukubukeka kwangaphandle lungaphezu ngempela inkomishi elincane itiye. Nokho Tern has a amaphiko emincane futhi eside. Eyesibili umehluko - umsila, anakho ukuncishiselwa ezijulile like umthamo. Neyesithathu - a "cap" black ekhanda.

Abadala kabili ngonyaka kokudabula molting - komshado okugcwele esinqunyiwe. Njengomthetho, sidlule phezu ngezizathu ubusika.

Habitat nokusatshalaliswa

endaweni yokwakha isidleke ubanzi ngokwanele. Lolo hide luqala ngo yonkana Palearctic, ngaphandle ezindaweni eNyakatho Ekude, lapho lolu hlobo ushintsho iza esibonelweni arctic. Ahlangana futhi Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. Common izidleke Tern cishe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kokubili amanzi maphakathi nezwe kanye ogwini. Eningizimu olwenzeka endaweni ngesimo nemizana ahlukene kuziwa Senegal, Mauritania, Tunisia no-Israyeli. zizalela Irregular ebonwe Libya, Morocco, Syria naseKhupro. Futhi abahlala ezindaweni eziqhelile senhlobo kukhona Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran, e-Iraq nePakistan. Kuyinto inyoni ezifudukayo, futhi ayahamba aye climes ukufudumala ebusika: New Guinea, i-Afrika, i-Philippines, entshonalanga zaleli zwekazi South American.

Amacala Common Tern imiphakathi emathafeni ase-, kodwa ngokungafani umzalwane wakhe polar, lapho ekhetha emfuleni izigodi. Ejwayelekile emathafeni landscape njengoba ugwema.

Cishe ihlala ikakhulu amatshe nesihlabathi esephimisela, ogwini amachibi (emathafeni) on the flat ulwandle emikhawulweni, ezigodini wemifula emikhulu. Futhi lokushutheka ekhetha indawo hhayi kuphela flat, kodwa futhi ezindaweni sezintaba endaweni engamamitha 4800 m (e Tibet, Pamir). Ngokuvamile, ngokuvumelana kugcinwa zezinyoni, kuye kwafa ntandokazi namanje Tern unika emi amanzi nemifula ezolile zamanje kancane.

Tern: ukudla

Lena ngokuyinhloko umzingeli ezinhle. Ukudla kuhlanganisa ikakhulu ama-inhlanzi encane ne-shellfish, it is aphonswe kalula emanzini emva kwabo, ezingena ngesikhathi esifanayo kuze kube amaphiko. ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo Izintandokazi - a Amabha yesihlabathi angajulile ngasogwini lomfula amadamu, ikakhulukazi nemifula emikhulu. Emanzini angajulile, kuba lula kakhulu ukuthola inyamazane, ikakhulukazi gazinga. Ubukeka isisulu sakhe, phezulu endaweni eyodwa emoyeni. Futhi kule ukudla ojekamanzi, izimpukane, mabhungane ahlukahlukene, izintethe kanye nabanye.

izindawo ukusuthisa kukhona elula enkulu, emanzini angajulile, nezinambuzane lezi zinyoni ungakwazi ukubamba epheshaneni, efana Swallows. Ngo zikhwelwe bakwazi ukundiza, kube yikudla ibanga, ngokuvamile musa idlule 10 km, ezimweni ezingavamile, 20-26 km.

Ifomu ezibhuzayo esikhulu amakoloni Evamile Tern kungabangela ukulimala izinhlanzi amapulazi. Nokho, lokhu kuyinto engajwayelekile futhi ngokuvamile bayazingelana yedwa izinhlobo abanalo value commercial.

lokushutheka

Ikhono nokuzala kuqala lapho 3-4 ubudala. Izinyoni monogamous futhi cishe 80% umbhangqwana egcinwe kwezinkathi zonyaka okungenani ezimbili. Ukuze kwabesilisa tern elinesimo kokuzalela ukuziphatha ekhethekile. Lubonakaliswa imiboniso nolaka, okwenza isimo bent, sehliselwe endaweni uqhwaku isikhundla cishe mpo, waphenduka-up umsila.

izidleke zazo Tern luhlala e angajulile (isihlabathi noma amatshe), ngokuvamile njengengxenye ikoloni esikhulu, futhi ngisho ukuthi, kanye nezinye izinyoni. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa isidingo ukuzivikela collective izilwane ezidla. inyoni Alone ayikwazi ukuvikela esidlekeni sazo futhi amatshwele. Ngokubambisana bahlasele "isigebengu", zishaya uqhwaku yakhe futhi lihle bekhalela.

Tern ukhetha izindawo nezimila kancane. Tern esidlekeni esakhiwe emhlabathini. It has ngesimo izimbobo ezincane ezenziwe emhlabathini. Udoti uma kwenzeka, mancane kakhulu, utshani obomile izimpaphe. I ububanzi kwezisekelo has a Usayizi 8-10 cm.

Bheke amatshwele

Imigomo yokuzalana kunalokho kakhulu ziyahlukahluka kuye ezicini eziningana, kuhlanganise indawo ezihlala kuyo. On emaphethelweni aseningizimu izinyoni asondela kakhudlwana phakathi kuka-May, bamba lokuqala kungatholakala engxenyeni yokuqala ka-June.

Tern ku wokwakha has, njengoba umthetho, amaqanda amathathu, ingasaphathwa ezine, banalo umbala ogqamile ocher noma umnqumo umthunzi nge flecks of brown noma acishe black ngombala. Amaqanda yayincane, ka 3,8-5 cm ubude futhi 2.9-3.2 cm ububanzi.

Inqubo bayashintshana ekufukameleni Tern (izithombe kungabonwa ngenhla) kusukela osukwini iqanda kubekwa lokuqala, futhi le nkathi ihlala i isilinganiso mayelana 20-22 izinsuku. Wenza yanjalo. Insikazi uhleli ebusuku, iduna ngokuvamile bafaka emini kuphela. Kana uqale abophe ekuqaleni kuka July, kodwa ngo-August bayakwazi fly (emva mayelana 25 izinsuku ukuchamisela).

Zenyathi Common Tern

Vele ukuhlukanisa zenyathi ezine, umehluko kuvamile umbala izimpaphe, umlomo wenyoni, imilenze, usayizi umzimba futhi iphiko. Nansi amagama abo Latin futhi impendulo encane.

• Sterna hirundo hirundo. Kuyinto izinyoni akhanya, abanayo umbala brown in izimpaphe. Uqhwaku nge isihloko black umbala obomvu njengoba imilenze. Evamile ukubizwa ngokuthi umjaho bokuzisholo.
• Sterna hirundo minussensis. Abantu are mnyama ngombala, endaweni yabaNsundu ku lwalo evelele. Umbala imilenze kuhluka okukhanyayo ukuze ensundu.
• Sterna hirundo longipennis. Tern Okuningi Evamile (bheka isithombe sihloko). Uneziqu ezibanzi umugqa omnyama phezu umlomo. Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi imiphakathi eMpumalanga, kuba mnyama ngokuphelele. Umbala inyoni imilenze ushintshi omningi kuya brown noma black.
• Sterna hirundo tibetana. Kuyinto emnyama umbala umzimba, phezulu babe patina ensundu. Kodwa imilenze noqhwaku abomvu.

izitha zemvelo

Tern Evamile (isithombe) - inyoni ukungenwa izihlobo ukuhlaselwa emikhulu. Amakoloni umtselela lowonako umndeni likhale (avame kuba evamile grey iqhude), ama-gull ezinkulu (zinhlobo glaucous nesiliva). Ezincelisayo, kakhulu, ngicela ungadluli usuke izidleke zawo. Usongo kuyinto izimbodla, ochakide, izimpungushe, raccoon izinja nezintibane ngisho zasendle, futhi izingxenye ukufudumala we wokwakha futhi amaphuphu omncane okungenzeka bahlukunyezwe asemaqeleni enesihlungu.

amathonya kwemvelo

Ngaphandle uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi kanye kubabulali kuya tern esidlekeni, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, kangakanani, kuthonywa kakhulu imvelo. Mhlawumbe ezinzima kakhulu, esiyingozi futhi njalo okwenzeka isici - ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu ezingeni amanzi ezindaweni of tern zokuhlala. Singasho libangelwa imimoya enamandla, izimvula ezinkulu futhi entwasahlobo izikhukhula, njll Ngenxa yalokho - .. Kwangathi die lonke ikoloni noma omningi walo amvikele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvula eside phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela kuthinte ukuvundisa izinyoni.

Man, futhi, kuphathelene, futhi kufanele ibhekwe ngezindlela ezimbili, njengoba nomzingeli futhi yizici zemvelo. Umonakalo kwenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene - nhlobo, ezibonakala umsindo ezindaweni lapho uhlala Tern (okuyinto ephazamisa izinyoni), futhi ukuqoqwa amaqanda nokuklaba kwemfuyo endaweni abahlala kuyo.

Abambe isilwane noma inyoni, isitshalo enhle ngendlela yalo. Ukuba lula kuyinto obugagu Tern Evamile. Nge isakhiwo ethambile umzimba, kuba kunjalo, i-umzingeli kakhulu. Injongo yalo lifana ukuhlela - ukukhanya futhi awanaki.