Amaphekula - kungcono ... ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni. umthetho olwa-ubuphekula

Enye intatheli Russian wasikisela ukuthi ubuphekula - ukuzonda: kumuntu nomuntu, umuntu oya esintwini. Kungakhathaliseki ibizwa ngokuthi umqondo kwezenhlalo, isiphetho namanje unxusa omunye: ukuzibulala - uyisitha isintu. Njengoba nje kukhona kuleli zwe elikhungethwe, akekho Bazizwa bephephile ngoba isibalo kwamaphekula lukhula nsuku zonke ngejubane elikhulu kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, izenzo lezi izigebengu aphethwe njalo izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu emhlabeni futhi alethe lezi zenzo emthethweni ukufa kuphela.

Umqondo "ubuphekula"

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi elithi Latin "ubuphekula" kusho kwesaba. Kulesi sisekelo, ngaphansi ubuphekula kubalulekile ukuqonda abantu abaningi abanawo, okuhloswe ukusabisa isitha futhi baqedwe yayo ngazo zonke izindlela, kuhlanganise ekubhujisweni ngokomzimba. Ngokomlando, ukuthi ukwesaba akuyona kuphela kucedvwa emandla, essence yayo kubonakala imiphumela zokuziphatha futhi ngokomzimba. Amaphekula - umuntu owenza izenzo ezithile okuhloswe ngazo ukusabisa kanye nodlame. Izikhonzi lolu dlame kungaba umuntu, inhlangano, iqembu labantu noma abangahlobene ukuthi iyini injongo ukwenza isenzo amaphekula nje abedlula ngendlela, kodwa umane endaweni engafanele. Ngokuvamile, laba bantu abahlangene izigcwelegcwele nge umphakathi, by igunya lomphakathi noma isakhiwo zomphakathi. Lomuntu (noma iqembu labantu) abenza lezi zenzo ezimbi, avame umgomo kungasimamisi isimo kuleli zwe noma emphakathini. Amaphekula - umuntu ofuna ukwesaba ukungakwethembi neziphathimandla ababecindezela abantu izinyathelo zokuguqula umbuso, wathonya isinqumo izikhulu zikahulumeni. Nokwesaba ukungasiqondi isimo kungabangela kugqashuka impi nge kwelinye izwe, yaphela impi yombango, babe nesifiso esinamandla sokuthuthukisa ukuzimela.

Amaphekula - akusiwona nje ngabanye. Okungekho emthethweni umsebenzi amangalisayo kungaholela izinhlangano ezinkulu kanye namaqembu, kuhlanganisa izimali kanye nokwesekwa yizo zonke izizwe.

Ingqikithi yobuphekula lingaphezu isenzo esingekho emthethweni, ngakho-ke yenza eziningi izici ezithile:

• Lo msebenzi kufaka engozini enkulu yokuba inhloso ngqo ka obangele ukufa kwalo eyodwa, eziningana noma inani elikhulu labantu.
• Kuyinto esivela uhlobo babulawelwe kuzo phambi komphakathi. Mayelana nalesi isenzo kufanele yaziwe abantu abaningi.
• Injongo izenzo ezingekho emthethweni isifiso ngqo ukudala indawo lapho wokubusa yokwesaba nokucindezeleka.
• Lapho isenzo izigcwelegcwele, ezithinta umuntu, ukuthi sikwenze ukuthonya nhlobo abanye.

Uma siqhathanisa welithi "ukwesaba" futhi "ubuphekula", singasho ukuthi umqondo wokuqala ebanzi, ezinkulu, futhi uhlushwa besabisa abantu abaningi.

ubuphekula International: izikhonzi zawo nokubaluleka

ubuphekula International aqondiswe uthi ezithile noma umbuthano uhlobo oluthile lwabantu. Inhloso Its main kuyinto ukuphazamiseka ezibucayi yokwenza evamile isimo, ubhidliza ukuzinza ubudlelwane bayo namanye amazwe. izikhonzi zaKhe kukhona lonke lelo zwe, izakhamuzi yobuzwe babo ikakhulukazi, izindawo zomphakathi, izinqubomgomo noma osomaqhinga. Lolu hlobo lwe-ubuphekula ibizwa ngokuthi inguqulo kwezomnotho yempi. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu: abantu bayafa, kubukela umnotho wezwe futhi isikhundla salo zwe, futhi konke okwenzekayo nge okungenani izindleko ezempi kanye ukuzidela labo abasebunzimeni ukuhlela nokwenza.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zaloluhlobo zinzima banditry:

• Zonke wezempi kusho afeze isenzo amaphekula endaweni lesitha, ukuthi kuthengwa endaweni.
• Labo abenza ukuvukela umbuso, kukhona ezindaweni ezahlukene, isitha isimo, kunzima ukuthola, ngoba iningi izigcwelegcwele ophilayo ngokomthetho ezweni elinikeziwe.
• Abagqugquzeli kwamaphekula kunzima ukuthola esinye isizathu ukuthi ekuphatheni nohlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi, okuyinto okunzima ukufinyelela phezulu.

Amathuluzi main zobuphekula, kokubili omhlaba kanye ezifuywayo, iyona kokuphakama ngokwengqondo ngaphezu kwesitha, ngoba abagqugquzeli njalo kucacile futhi uhlelo ukucabanga-out, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola, buhlungu ayoshaywa esikhathini esizayo.

Umlando zobuphekula

Uma thina ukulandelela ukuvela ubuphekula, singaphetha ngokuthi wabonakala isikhathi eside. Lokho isikhathi eside kwakungekho ubudlova aqondiswe umuntu, kanye Umbono ovamile sekukhona kuphela kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. ukubonakaliswa kwayo kuqala, Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, ukuhamba yabashokobezi kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America. Iqembu labantu ngemva kokuphela ukunyakaza yabashokobezi kula mazwe waqala ukusebenza, ngemuva kokuchitha izenzo ezimbalwa bangamavukela-mbuso, eyayibonakala Kamuva lachazwa ngokuthi "yabashokobezi ezisemadolobheni". Esikhathini 60s zakuqala isenzo esifanayo senzeka ibutho Israeli. Kule minyaka engu-, amaphekula asePalestina iqhume nezempi, weba izindiza nge abagibeli, bese wasilahla ebanjwe izimoto kalowo noma matasa isakhiwo nabantu, ukudala izinto phakathi kwezixuku. Sekungamashumi eminyaka INcwadi Yonyaka izwe kuye kwathonya igagasi ubuphekula, Abashisekeli. Phakathi nale minyaka, sesiqale ezinjalo futhi eNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho okuthiwa Italian "Brigades Red", separratiskie iqembu ETA eSpain, i-Republican Army e-Ireland. uhlu amaphekula likhulu kakhulu. I esibi kunazo wabo Osama bin Laden, owayebizwa iqedwe ekuqaleni kuka May 2011. Le nombolo amaphekula 1 uye ilethe izinyembezi nokubi kuleli zwe, kwashona abantu abaningi bephilile. igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa inqwaba ubugebengu, ngamabhomu nokuhlasela. Uyafunwa ngamaphoyisa kusukela ngo-1998. Enye amaphekula aziwayo okuthiwa: ayman al-Zawahiri, owahlela "umGibhithe Islamic Jihad," u-Adamu Gadahn, Daniel Andreas San Diego, ilungu Kusolakala ngamabhomu zezakhiwo ehhovisi e-United States, Ali Atwa, ngubani waziphatha emoyeni ukudunwa, izindiza ukuqhuma, abathumbi ukuthatha Fahd Mohammed Ahmed al-Kuqala nabanye abaningi.

izinhlobo ubuphekula

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa yezenhlalakahle libhekwa ngezizathu eziningana. Uma sicabangela indawo, kungenzeka ukuhlonza lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke kanye nangaphakathi kuleli.

Kuye isisusa izenzo okungekho emthethweni angawodwa ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, inkolo kanye kazwelonke.

I ukulawuleka kakhulu, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando eziningi, kuba nobuphekula bezombangazwe. isiqondiso wayo lomkhulu isisho ukunganeliseki ne wangaleso uyohlela ngaphakathi isimo. Lolu hlobo banditry uvele ngqa. zikahulumeni ngokuyisisekelo bafunda indlela ngokwanele ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo la maqembu. Labo sezinezinkulungwane iminyaka eminingi, sebeqala fade: abaholi abaphezulu amaqembu akhona okumanje abadonsa isigwebo sabo, futhi isizukulwane esisha akuyona ingozi kangako futhi ngendlea efanele. izenzo wobuphekula ziye kunalokho kungagcini, bayakwazi ukuthonya iziphathimandla zikahulumeni hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nomphakathi wonkana.

ubuphekula kaZwelonke - lesi senzo okungekho emthethweni kwe-iqembu labantu abazimisele ukumisa okwabo siqu isimo sabo ezimele. Amaqembu abafisa ukwakha ezehlukile isakhiwo sabo isimo, behlomile zama ukusebenzisa izikhali ukuze balwele amalungelo abo. Ukukhokhela zobuphekula, kulesi simo kwenzeka ngezithukuthuku nezinye izifundazwe, izakhiwo, abantu abanentshisekelo noma ukudalwa uhlelo olusha zezombusazwe, noma ingalimaza lokhutsele sphere sezomnotho noma sezenhlalo okukhona, uphakamisele bani isinyathelo izigcwelegcwele. Ngokuvamile ngesisekelo zokuxhaswa noma ukubolekwa imali akulona iqembu lezombusazwe kuphela, kodwa futhi zezimali. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ubuphekula kazwelonke kuyimpi ye Kurds, wakhuthaza nokwakhiwa kombuso entsha Kurdistan, eyaqala ensimini ka amazwe amane nje: Iraq, Iran, eTurkey Syria.

Esinye isibonelo emzabalazweni iqembu labantu eNingizimu ye eFrance naseSpain, okubizwa ngokuthi Basque, ababezimisele ukuzibusa ngokugcwele. E-UK, abashokobezi ubuzwe abizwa amalungu ira - ibutho Irish - okuyinto ngosizo kwamaphekula ozama ukusungula geqe. A uhlobo ukubonakaliswa lolu hlobo ubuphekula, ngokuvumelana ingxenye ethile imiphakathi, kuyinto ukulwa engxenyeni eningizimu-asempumalanga ye-Ukraine ukuze bathole ithuba ukudala siqu unit wakho federal ngaphakathi kwesinye isimo. Ukubuka esabeka kunazo zalesi simo yezenhlalakahle yilo okusekelwe ezinkolelweni. abashisekeli benkolo bazimisele kalula ukuphila kwabo ekulweni kwezifiso zawo. Ukubonakaliswa esemqoka yalolu hlobo ubuphekula ubhekwa ukulwa we basePalestine, okuyinto kwenzekani e-Israel. Ekhuluma nabaholi kwezigcwelegcwele, kubalulekile ukwaba kakade libhujiswa Osama bin Laden, ababeka ukuphila kwabo kudalwa emhlabeni wonke state amaSulumane. Leyo ndoda embi kanje wakwazi sihlanganise inqwaba abantu abaye baba usongo abantu abangenacala abanye, ukuqoqa izindodla zemali lenhlangano emzabalazweni based wokutakula Isikhwama "Al-Qaeda." Ngaphansi ukusekelwa wabaqeqesha ngayo ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni, okuyiwona akukho engcwele. Ayavumelana kuphela ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo.

ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni

Ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni kubangele Ochwepheshe umbono impikiswano. Ziningi izindlela kule umqondo. Isazi esidumile ekuhloleni okushiwo ubuphekula A. kaMerari ukholelwa ukuthi umqondo jikelele le ncazelo asipheli. Ngamafuphi zonke ekuhlaseleni ukuzibulala akukwazi sinye kufanelana konke. Idelakufa kungaba umuntu ovamile, kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya ezinye zezici, isimo nezinkolelo uzimisele ukudela. Abantu wahlanganyela kule nokulungiselela ukubuthela ezinjalo. Ekuqaleni bathola umuntu esifanele portrait ngokwengqondo ke wamphatha ngabondla kancane kancane ukwenza izenzo ezithile ukuthi asuse impilo hhayi kuphela idelakufa, kodwa abantu abaningi. Konke lokhu, ngokuvumelana kubo, kwenziwa ngenxa ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo, avame kuba inkolo. Ibe isilandelwa - ubuzwe.

Ukuzibulala nakho kungaba umuntu ingqondo zifihlwe imibono kazwelonke noma zenkolo. Kusinda ithuluzi ezandleni abaholi amaqembu amaphekula, okuyinto, njengoba umthetho, akaqondi imigomo izenzo zabo kweqiniso, kanti futhi okholelwa ukuthi lenzani ukuzuzisa abantu.

Esinye isazi esifunda elithi "Idelakufa" Aarkus has a nombono ohlukile. Ngokusho efundisa, ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni kukhona ezimbili zama. Uhlobo lokuqala yiyona abashisekeli benkolo noma kazwelonke, kanti eyesibili - ekuhlaseleni yokufakelwa owathonya inkolo noma izimo zengqondo kazwelonke ziyakwazi wokuzidela.

Kodwa UProfesa Ross kusukela American University, ukutadisha isici ngokwengqondo isenzo ukuzibulala, uthi ukwakhiwa yabo bathonywe izinto ezihlukahlukene, kokubili komphakathi kanye ezingokwengqondo kazwelonke. izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa zobuphekula olukhona emphakathini ethile, izindaba zomphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa yelinyenti, nezici ezithile ukuze ukuzibulala, ihlelo ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni, ukwesaba engaphiwanga empilweni nasemphakathini, ubudlova, unecala ngayo abanye nokunye okuningi.

izinhlobo ubuphekula

Terror mkhuba has okunhlobonhlobo. konke kunakwe ekulungiseleleni umthetho lobugebengu. Lesi sigaba senziwa ngesimo okunemibandela njengengxenye isenzo amaphekula - inhlanganisela izinhlobo eziningana. Okuvame kakhulu ifomu okuxubile - ngokwesibonelo, ekuthatheni izimoto nabantu. Kulokhu, kuhlangene izenzo eziningana: ukuyiswa abathunjwa futhi ekuthatheni izimoto.

Omunye ifomu evamile futhi iyingozi yobuphekula lingaphezu ukusetshenziswa iziqhumane ukuze abangele umonakalo esiphezulu. Izikhali amaphekula onhlobonhlobo, kuhlanganise nakwamanye amadivaysi alufakwa. Kungenzeka ipayipi amabhomu, futhi endaweni yokukhanda. Izizathu ukuthi izigcwelegcwele esetshenziswa iziqhumane, zicacile: kwisicelo sabo wanikeza umonakalo omkhulu. amadivaysi Homemade angadingi utshalomali enkulu, ngaphezu, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukuphathwa akude, okwandisa izinga sokuphepha amaphekula ngokwabo.

Eyesibili ifomu ngowokuthi sokudunwa izindiza, imikhumbi noma ezinye izindlela zezokuthutha, kuhlanganise wesitimela. Leli fomu ngokuvamile kuhlangene ukuqhuma ngemoto eyebiwe, ngakho-ke kuholela ekulahlekelweni izimpilo eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma i-traffic ethumba angazamukela abagibeli abaningi.

Leli fomu zobuphekula, kube yisenzo ukuthi unezigaba eziningana: okokuqala, ekuthatheni lokuduna okwalandela. Kuthathwa ngokuthi kahle ezokuthutha ngokusobala nangokuqondile esebenzisa ubudlova. Amaphekula - isigebengu osebenzisa amandla njengoba iqembu womkhumbi noma izindiza kanye abagibeli. Empeleni, emva ukuthunjwa ezokuthutha (umkhumbi) izigebengu Ushintsha Yiqiniso ukunyakaza, ngokukhetha isiqondiso sayo.

Hostage ukuthatha kubhekwa ifomu lwesithathu zobuphekula, nakuba isenzo is kuhlangene nezinye izinhlobo. Hostage ithiyori ngokuthi abantu ababeke forcibly labetibambile endaweni ethile njengoba isiqinisekiso ekugcwalisekeni izimfuno isimo noma omunye umuntu amaphekula. Nokuthathwa abathunjwa njengoba uhlobo lolu hlobo banditry, idatha inhloso zimi kanje:

• Ukuhlela bamba incazelo isinyathelo imigomo;
• ukucinga ababehamba;
• thola izindlela ezidingekayo ukufeza umgomo;
• definition lendawo bekuphi, ukutadisha ukutholakala Ukuvikelwa, izindlela zokuxhumana phakathi kwabaqaphi ababili, ngesikhathi nendlela yekuhambisa sandla;
• ikhomishana izenzo, okuyinto sihlose ukuba nesithuthwane nokugcinwa emthethweni zabantu;
• ukunqunywa izidingo;
• Izingxoxo abashokobezi.

Shiya ifomu sina zobuphekula ngokomqondo, nokwagcina kuyinto ubudlova zokuziphatha ngokumelene nabantu. Lena lokuqola ezingokwengqondo, ukusetshenziswa esibulalayo noma udlame.

Emphakathini wanamuhla, kwakukhona cyberterrorism, okuyinto uwukuhlasela wangamabomu Imininingwane lobugebengu, okuyinto kusetshenzwe by zekhompyutha noma isofthiwe, futhi ibalulekile umphakathi noma isimo. Leli fomu kungenzeka futhi ibe yingozi futhi impilo nokuphila sabantu.

Isimo zobuphekula emhlabeni

Lo magazini liye laba nezokusigcoba kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Izindaba nje zichichima amaqiniso mayelana kwamaphekula. Ukuzwa ukuthi zonke amaphekula zomhlaba aseqalile ngenkuthalo ukusebenza, efuna izinjongo zabo zezombusazwe, kazwelonke noma zenkolo. Ochwepheshe bathi imbangela eyinhloko umsebenzi kulezi zinhlangano ne yisikhathi esibucayi e-Europe kanye emhlabeni. Noma yimuphi imisebenzi amaphekula kungaholela ekubhujisweni umbuso. operatives amaphekula athumba yonke insimu, adubule phansi izindiza nasekwenzeni eminye izinto ezinyantisayo. Izimpilo izikhali ukufeza izinjongo zikazwelonke noma zenkolo.

Isimo nobuphekula eRussia

ERussia, udaba zobuphekula usesikhundleni eningi isikhala izindaba nsuku zonke. kwamaphekula e iRussia yathatha indawo ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa zase-USSR, e 1994-1995, abazange bayeke futhi kamuva. Isenzo wokuvelela kunazo eminyakeni yamuva e-Russian Federation kwaba kokuquleka esabekayo yaseBeslan e North Ossetia, lapho izingane yizisulu. Amaphekula - abantu Awunawo isimilo ngakho encroached ezimpilweni zezingane. Lesi sikole, eye ihlaselwe izigebengu, September 1, 2004, yonke, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu 1,200 abulawa ngezinsuku ezintathu lokwesaba - 326. Ngokusho uphenyo amasevisi ekhethekile, kuhlanganise isenzo esibi ithatha abantu 32, 31 babo babulawa phakathi yokukhululwa kwabantu. Ukuhlala kwakukhona omunye izigcwelegcwele kuphela. Can basayikhumbula mayelana Nord-Ost, Palace inhlokodolobha Wamasiko, okuyinto sasithathwa by amaphekula, kanye izibukeli 700 kanye nabasebenzi izindawo. I amaphekula yayiqhutshelwa kalowo izinsuku ezintathu, bebahleka ngokwengqondo izihlobo abampofu. Yaphela isenzo ezikhukhula, okuyinto version olusemthethweni waqala ngemuva oshayasibhamu bavulele ngenhlamvu bebhekise kubantu. Kulesi ekulweni amaphekula amaphoyisa uthuli isinyathelo efanele, kodwa kwadingeka ukuba usebenzise igesi ebulalayo. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abangenacala abaye bafa emiphumeleni yayo.

Omunye usongo olukhulu kwamaphekula Russia namuhla Arab Wahhabis. Leli qembu lucwaningo izenzo zobuphekula zenkolo, okungase bahlukunyezwe baseRussia. Amaphekula, izithombe okuyizinto efayelini amasevisi ngamazwe futhi Russian abathintekayo kulo magazini, kungaba phakathi kwethu, ngaleyo ndlela ukuhlela amacala abo.

Izindlela zokubhekana nayo abashokobezi

On the wokulwa nobuphekula, ethi isimo eziningi. Okokuqala, ngifuna ukusho ngalokho iziphathimandla alwa ngokuqondile amaqembu ezigebengu Russian noma kuhlasela abashokobezi ngabanye. fighter Main kubhekwe eNhlangano KaHulumeni Yezokuphepha we Russian Federation. Ngaphezu le sevisi, iminyango yokulwa nobuphekula kuyinto Enkonzweni Interior, kweForeign Intelligence Service, Federal Guard Service Russian Federation futhi Russian Ministry Wezokuvikela.

ERussia, wadala amayunithi anti-amaphekula, labo eziyinhloko iqembu "Alpha" futhi "Vympel". Futhi, abophiko lwezokuphepha, alwa Ubuphekula lobu, futhi iqiniswe impi, ngaphansi Wezangaphakathi (iqembu "Vega"), ne abomthetho.

Terror kungenziwa kuphela azigweme imizamo ahlangene emazweni ahlukahlukene, okuyinto ubukele isixazululo sina ngayo ngokwandisa inkinga. Kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa indlela olunzulu ekulweni lesi simanga ngo umthelela zomthetho nokuvikeleka hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuhlonza sezizathu esiyinhloko ivela khona. Okubaluleke kakhulu - musa nezaba for ubuphekula, hhayi ulwahlukanise ku okulungile nokungalungile. Kuyadingeka ukuba alwe iyiphi zako. Ezingeni zomthetho kuwo wonke amazwe kudingeka uqinise umthwalo lobugebengu isenzo ukwesaba. Umthetho ekulweni ubuphekula kanye nemithetho lobugebengu kumele some kuze kube ukwethulwa isigwebo sokufa.

Imithetho enesandla wokulwa nobuphekula

I wokulwa nobuphekula eRussia kusiza yonke eMthethweni? "Ngakolunye Ukulwisana Ubuphekula", esenziwa ngo-March 2006. Umthetho usungula izimiso eziyisisekelo emzabalazweni, isungule izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvimbela.