Botanical Garden RAS: Lapho kuba? isithombe

ingadi Botanical yezwe - Russian Academy of Sciences N. V Tsitsina kubhekwe kwekulu ezweni lethu futhi eYurophu. ehlobo eyedlule, usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe 70.

indaba

Esidlule zomlando Botanical ingadi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ecebile. Wadala njengoba alotshiwe imibhalo - 1945. Kulo nyaka, emasimini wase-USSR Academy of Sciences endaweni Ostankino Park, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuhlela ingadi entsha Botanical.

kweminyaka engu-400 ensimini ka "Ostankino" izigodi babe amahlathi kuyo, lapho kukhona bahlakazekela emizaneni. Lezi zindawo ohloselwe abazingela-moose futhi uzalela huntsmen wasebukhosini. Kusukela 1558 kuleli zwe esiye wakhononda Satinu Alekseyu Ivanom Groznym, washintsha abanikazi abaningi.

Kusukela 1743 "Ostankino" uya ezandleni Sheremetievs shado kaPetru Borisovich Princess Varvara Cherkassy. Ngemva kwakho konke, umfazi esizayo wathola isipho eziningi ezweni, kuhlanganise kaZuma. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvikelwe le ndawo eyingqayizivele khona indodana yabo UNikolai Sheremetev. Sethula ukuvinjelwa ziklabe, izihlahla ukugawula, ukuzingela, bekha amajikijolo kanye amakhowe, futhi zidinga ukulawula hhayi ukuqala Grove "gulyalschikov".

I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX kwaphawulwa kwamahlathi, izinkomo engalawuliwe ziklabe, ukubhujiswa engalawuliwe yezilwane zasendle nezinyoni.

Ngemva inguquko, imithetho ziye lidlule kuvinjelwa ukugawula zabomdabu ihlathi epaki ekutshaleni, okuyinto ngokuqinile ukwenza ngisho isikhathi enzima yempi, futhi lokhu ulondoloze ifa "Ostankino".

Izitshalo engadini

Botanical Garden RAS, ikakhulukazi ingxenye APC, - agodliwe ihlathi indawo eyingqayizivele. Ukufinyelela mahhala Grove khona, oki yayo ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka 160, nakuba zikhona zezinhlobo eyingqayizivele, okuyinto eminyakeni engu-300. Kube birch, Maple, sonwele futhi e-aspen, mountain ash, nezinye izihlahla Kroon imaski ezihlabayo omkhulu :. Hazel, ijikijolo lingase, Honeysuckle, uthi lokuphotha esihlahleni. Ngezansi ukhaphethi aluhlaza of anemones obucayi, lungwort, umnduze elimnandi, sedge enoboya, Chickweed, nabanye. Zikhula kuphela oki o-Ashera, iziphi obonwa ejwayelekile emaphakathi Russian ihlathi ezibanzi enezicabha.

Zonke amaqoqo engadini kanye ukuchayeka futhi zemvelo, emagugu, ehlelelwe ezikhulayo lapha oki kanye birches.

Namuhla, i-Botanical Garden Tsitsin RAS - a 331 ehektheleni esiyingqayizivele iqoqo izimali. Lokhu kungaphezu 18 000 izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene kule planethi yethu. Ngo-1991, esimweni zemikhosi yensimu main Russian Botanical yaqanjwa omkhulu academician nabadumile sezitshalo umfuyi futhi isazi sezakhi zofuzo Nikolaya Vasilevicha Tsitsina, owayehola ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35, kusukela osukwini lokuqala isisekelo salo.

division indawo

Uma udala umsebenzi oyinhloko kwaba ilungiselelo engadini ziphephile endlini futhi ongaphandle, okungase ngangokunokwenzeka ukuba kudlule lokhu noma kuleyo ndawo zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze sibonise izitshalo USSR benziwa neminyango:

- European ingxenye Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa;

- North-Caucasus;

- eSiberia esifundeni;

- Central Asia;

- Far East.

Esimweni ngasinye kulezi zingxenye ziye zadala isimo akhethekile eduze ngokoqobo. Njenge: zokulala ekhethekile isihlabathi, amatshe, amachibi noma ukusakaza zadalwa ukwandisa nomswakama, noma zikleliswe slide akhethekile. Zonke izitshalo yatshalwa inhlanganisela ezenzeka real nature.

Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences for ukuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha isitshalo liye laba yindawo kwendalo isingeniso lezingane.

Exposure, ekhona namuhla, ngikutholile amanye amagama. Batshale samanje ubukisa Ekude, eSiberia, e-Asia Ephakathi, eCaucasus naseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Umkhakha elikhulu namuhla, ungabona izitshalo emathafeni, coniferous-lezihlahla, coniferous, amahlathi coniferous, izingwadule, emaqeleni kanye nezimfunda.

Ukukhetha amaqoqo engadini zidinga ukususwa olunembile izitshalo imvelo. Kuze kube yimanje, kusukela ngo-1946, uhambo bathunyelwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene engokwemvelo eSoviet Union. ukunakekelwa okukhethekile sakhokhwa zezinyoni ezingavamile noma ezisengozini.

ukwehluka Floristic yensimu kushintsha njalo. Ikakhulukazi nhlobonhlobo kwaba ngo-1990. Namuhla, engadini siyindawo izakhamuzi RAS futhi izivakashi yedolobha.

Izivakashi edolobheni, ngokuvakashela ezikhangayo ezihlukahlukene zenhloko-dolobha, qiniseka ukuba beze e-Botanical Garden of RAS. Moscow, emelela engadini eyinhloko yezwe, inikeza ukubona isitshalo ukuchayeka ahlukahlukene.

Exposure flora eziseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi, izimila

Cishe 6 amahektha i flora nokuchaza eMpumalanga Yurophu. It ezingaphezu kuka-300 izinhlobo kanye zezitshalo:-20 zama-izitshalo bok, cishe 30 zezintaka nezihlahla nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezitshalo herbaceous, weza eziningi zazo kusukela Carpathians.

Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences iyona endala Tsitsin ukuchayeka Central Asia kwezimila. It yasungulwa ngaphambi nje kwempi phezu Sparrow Hills ku Moscow Botanical Garden-USSR Academy of Sciences. Ngemva kwempi washukumisa ngokucophelela esigabeni izitshalo (etholakala "Ostankino"). Kodwa uye waba kufinyeleleke izivakashi kuphela ngo-1953. Lapha sibona ukusungulwa Botanical zemvelo nemibandela womhlaba. Lots of entabeni nethafa sezwe qamba nga bumba ephakeme. Kulesi zone presents coniferous futhi amahlathi lezihlahla, Ezimfundeni eziphakeme futhi subalpine ngokwedlulele ukuthi lezizindawo zezikhotha futhi emagqumeni nasezindaweni ezinamadwala, futhi izinhlobo eziningi izitshalo ezisengozini. Cabanga bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli isibonisi kungaba amaslayidi phezulu yokufakelwa.

Exposure izitshalo of eCaucasus, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude

Indawo cishe 2.5 hectare izitshalo embukisweni kuthatha eCaucasus. Kuyinto ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezitshalo bok, kuhlanganise 23 zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi isengozini yokuqothulwa. Basuke etholakala ku-yokufakelwa entabeni sezwe nethafa ihlathi.

Bangaphezu kuka-200 zezitshalo eqoqwe ukuchayeka kwezimila eSiberia. Of ziphephile lapha ezingaphezu kuka-50 kubhekwe ezisengcupheni noma ezingavamile.

Omunye umxhwele kakhulu amaqoqo - embukisweni izitshalo Ekude. Cishe 400 zama-lokhu zone zitholakala endaweni 8.5 amahektha.

ezindaweni thematic GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1950, waphetha ukudalwa esichasiselweni zezitshalo zasendle ewusizo. Zonke utshani zisetshenziswa itshalwe emikhulu, endaweni esihlala kuyo, othathwe nemvelo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana kule yokuchayeka nezihlahla nemithi. Abahleli, ukwakha nokutshala izitshalo ensembles yakhiwa ngezigaba zabo emkhakheni isicelo sabo esisekelwe.

Ingxenye yokuqala - iyona izitshalo uwoyela, kwezokwelapha kanye insecticidal ebalulekile. Sinenkosi nethonya imisebenzi ehlukahlukene e-evela kumuntu noma esilwaneni nilidle izakhiwo anobuthi.

Ingxenye yesibili - isitshalo focus lobuchwepheshe. Lokhu fibre, ukudaya kanye ukushuka. izitshalo ezinjalo ngaphambili, futhi manje obusetshenziswa embonini.

Ingxenye yesithathu - ifolishi noju. Izitshalo ukuthi zidla izilwane ezifuywayo (utshani obomisiwe, silage, nedlelo).

Ingxenye yesine - ukudla nezitshalo. Ziklanyelwe ukusekela umzimba womuntu. Lo vithamini, ukunambitheka, namakha, itiye kanye nastoechnye.

Arboretum

Botanical Garden N. V Tsitsina RAS silondoloza mayelana 1700 isihlahla kanye shrub zinhlobo. Basuke eqoqwe endaweni ye Arboretum (amahektheli phezu 75). Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences lakhiwa ngokuvumelana uhlobo landscape epaki, okungukuthi, izitshalo systematized. Le ndawo enhle ikakhulukazi kwentwasahlobo ekwindla leaf ukuwa. Kodwa ebusika akuyona ukuhamba kancane ezithakazelisayo phakathi AmaConifers iqhwa-eneziqongo ukufuya ubuhle.

"UHeather kanye Garden Japanese"

I Arboretum has a embukisweni ekhethekile - "UHeather engadini". It walethwa esuka eJalimane izinhlobo olukhethekile Eric cishe 20 izinhlobonhlobo heather. Itholakala eduze isakhiwo elabhorethri futhi ezungezwe AmaConifers, Barberry, spirea futhi rhododendrons.

Ayikho setfulo kancane acacile futhi eyingqayizivele GBS - "Japanese Garden". Sidale ke ngosizo Embassy Japanese enhloko-dolobha. Esiqhingini kwalethwa zezinyoni ezingavamile cherry, Ornamental zinhlobo isihlahla esifundeni kanye namakhambi. kahle labo ezungeze amachibi yokufakelwa ne sebuningini amabhuloho, mbhoshongo nokwenziwa kwayo itshe.

neqoqo elithakazelisayo kakhulu roses kuthatha cishe 2.5 amahektha.

Kubhekwe amakhophi elingenakuqhathaniswa abamba ukushisa. Basuke amazwe ezivela eBrazil, eVietnam, eCuba, Madagascar nakwamanye amazwe ezonini enkabazwe. Abangaphezu kwekhulu zama-kubo afakwe International Red Book.

I isithumbanja eyingqayizivele Botanical Garden eMoscow

Ngaphezu umsebenzi ucwaningo main, abasebenzi GBS wahlanganyela zizalela, zizalela nokudayiswa imbewu nezithombo zezinto eziphilayo aziwayo futhi ezintsha zezitshalo. Kennel inikeza ukudayiswa of zokutshala impahla lezihlahla izihlahla, imivini, izihlahla, utshani zisetshenziswa, Clematis nemithi yezithelo. izitshalo athandwa kakhulu kuleli Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences. Amanani aphansi kakhulu, kanti izinga lokutshala impahla kuphezulu kakhulu. izithombo bekwi ukuqaliswa ezitolo ezimbili. Omunye (main) emgwaqweni. Botanical, 31, elibhekene nomnyango esemqoka ye GBS.

amayunithi ezikhethekile RAS

Botanical Garden BIN RAS. Komarova V L., elise Petersburg, esiqhingini Apothecary. It is a division of Russian Academy of Sciences. Umlando walo iqala ekhulwini XVIII nge engadini njengokwenza komthaki. It yasungulwa ngu-Peter I. Ekuqaleni, yebo, kufanele kuye sikhule izitshalo zokwelapha.

Ngu phakathi XIX Apothecary Garden ubekade labhidlika omkhulu, ukwesekwa zezimali nhlobo wayengekho. U-Alexander I wakhipha umyalo wakhe V P. Kochubeyu, obuze uhlelo kabusha engadini. Manje sekuyindlela yagxila imisebenzi yakhe nocwaningo. Ukwabiwa Apothecary Garden licishe laphindeka kabili. Ngisho laqala ukuhlela uhambo ngokwesayensi. Garden ayenziwa kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu XX.

Mayelana ukugujwa bicentenary we Botanical Garden ngo-1913, wanikwa igama Petra Velikogo. Ngemva inguquko, waba main engadini Botanical Russian Soviet Republic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zokuhlala yakhe yasebukhosini kanye zokugcina yangasese bathunyelwa.

Ngo-1930 engadini unganiki eU.SSR Academy of Sciences. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kube ihlanganiswe ne-Botanical Museum. Ngenxa the Botanical Institute yasungulwa. Phakathi nokuvinjelwa, naphezu kwemizamo abasebenzi, engadini yabhidlika kabana. Ngakho-ke, kunomsebenzi omkhulu wokulungisa kwenziwa esikhathini post-yimpi. Manje lena enkulu ingadi-Arboretum. He is kakhulu othanda izakhamizi Petersburg nezivakashi.

Enye division eziyingqayizivele Academy of Sciences - UC Botanical Garden RAS. Akhiwe Republic of Bashkortostan. Ingadi waba indlela ziningi futhi zaba nzima yentuthuko.

Namuhla, yena unalo iqoqo elikhulu izitshalo, inama impumelelo elikhanyayo engokwesayensi emkhakheni wezifundo zezinto eziphilayo zasendle izitshalo weRiphabhulikhi futhi ezifanelekayo ukufuya nezitshalo Ornamental.

isiphetho

Manje uyazi ukuthi bayaphi uma uthanda imvelo, izimbali nezitshalo. ingadi Botanical AN Tsitsin RAS - lena ngempela indawo ezithakazelisayo ukuvakashela.