Calibre 338 Lapua Magnum

I empeleni esasisesisha 338 Lapua Magnum igobolondo ekuqaleni yakhelwe sniping at amabanga ezinkulu, Nokho, manje esetshenziswa ubumba ijuba sokudubula, kanye abazingeli. 338 Lapua Magnum senzeka phakathi .50 BMG nezinhlamvu .308 Winchester.

aphoyintimenti

Ngo-1983, i-US Department of Defence yamemezela umncintiswano ukudala ichashazi entsha sniper sika. Igobolondo kwakumelwe bahlangabezane nemingcele eziningana. Okokuqala, kwaba into lesion ukukhula kwelitshe uhla olude (amamitha angaphezu kuka-1500), kanti okwesibili - ichashazi zisakaza ku 900 m / umzuzwana ngongqimba 250 okusanhlamvu (1 gran = 0,0647 amagremu).

indaba

Phakathi kokunye, ukusungulwa kwenziwa Ucwaningo kwezikhali Industries USA. Ukuthatha ukuzingelwa igobolondo .416 Rigby, nabaqambi Boots Obermeyer futhi Dzhim Bell (ngeke ke .700 Nitro Express, baba onamandla kunayo umdlalo) ukudala igobolondo ukuthi iyahlangabezana nezidingo mncintiswano. Yena uthola igama .338 Bell. Kodwa naphezu mkhosi esisemthethweni izimo, kukhona kusimo abalulekile. I-sleeve .416 Rigby kabaze baba lakho ukuma ingcindezi eqinile powder amagesi futhi kakhulu sikhubazekile, okuyinto hhayi kuphela kwaholela ziwohloke masinyane izikhali, kodwa kungaba yingozi ngenxa nokudubula.

Ngemva kokuhluleka kokuqala

Palm wathutha inkampani kusukela Lapua Finland. Badale emkhonweni yokuqala, futhi lokhu isinqumo inkinga ukusonteka. Thina igobolondo liner ibhodlela emise, lip akusho aphume ashone. Ingcindezi enkulu ngesikhathi ukuqhuma powder - 400 MPA, futhi emkhonweni ukumelana nokucindezelwa 420 MPA. Khona-ke bajwayela nomunye ichashazi, ekahle ngokudubula indoda buqamama omkhulu kangaka. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, ngo-1987, inkampani iqala ukukhiqiza 338 osezingeni (8.6 mm x 70) ngaphansi nesiqu Lapua Magnum.

umbulali othule

In parallel ukudalwa igobolondo, le Ukunemba ngokuqinile International LTD kusukela laseNgilandi laliphethwe ukwakha osezingeni sokuzingela 338, ngenhloso okwakukhona sokudubula kunembile ngaleso amabanga amade ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (okushisa aphansi, imimoya enamandla). Okubizwa ngokuthi Arctic sniper sokuzingela, wethiwa "umbulali othule". Manje siyazi ukuthi ngaphansi kwegama Arctic Ezimpini Magnum, L115A, futhi L96. Lapho ngokudubula nomunye ikhilomitha sokuzingela ayesesakazekele 15-16 cm, it is a inkomba olunembile kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi sokuzingela osezingeni .50 Browning ukuhlakazwa esingangemitha elilodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, unikezwa umthelela omkhulu, isisindo futhi badutshulwa kakhulu elikhulu ngokwengeziwe.

Kusukela ngezibhamu Arctic ephakanyiswe irekhodi, kuze kube manje akekho noyedwa oweza washaywa izikhathi eziningi: ezimbili isibhamu zabantu ezimbili at ibanga cishe amabili amakhilomitha abulawa.
Rifle Arctic Ezimpini Magnum kungaba calibers ezimbili: 6.2 kanye 7,62. Isisindo ke nge umagazini ezingenalutho ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu ukuguqulwa 6.1 kuya 7.3 kg.

izinhlobo amachashazi

Igobolondo kwadingeka kuphela uhlobo inhlamvu kuze 1996. Ukuvela amachashazi entsha ezinwetshiwe okukhethwa kukho kungenzeka igobolondo ukuphila. emihlanu izinhlobo zezibhamu ezakhiwa ngaphansi .338 LM:

1. SP (iphuzu esithambile).
2. Hlukanisa (Lubanzi, core esiyinhlanganisela).
3. HPBT (tapered umsila kwesigaba, umgodi kule ekhaleni).
4. FMJBT (igobolondo, tapered umsila kwesigaba).
5. FMJ (ichashazi igobolondo).

SP umnikazi nge inhlamvu ngesikhathi isisindo 12,96 amagremu (200 okusanhlamvu) ine ngesivinini sokuqala ichashazi flight 1002 m / umzuzwana. Elingenalutho-iphuzu ichashazi nge 250 okusanhlamvu isisindo (16.2 g) e 897 okukhiphayo index m / umzuzwana, nokuzingela GB488 VLD has a Isivinini 910 m / umzuzwana ngesikhathi isisindo esifanayo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa imvunulo kanye udibi Ukubhoboza amachashazi incendiary Zempi Ukubhoboza futhi Zempi Ukubhoboza Incendiary.

Izinhlobo eziningana ukuzingela amachashazi (Barnes XLC-Bullit - 14.6 g, Sierra MatchKing - 19,4 g, Homady SpirePoint - 16,2 g), ngaphansi igobolondo, futhi nazo zonke Ukucaciswa. Ijubane indiza ka ezihlukahlukene zabo kusukela ngo-754 920 m / s.

Ukusetshenziswa a igobolondo

Calibre 338 "Lapua" lwenzelwe sniping futhi ubhekana abangababi bemisebenzi yaso uma sicabangela trajectory flat futhi ukunemba okuphezulu, kodwa ngobumba ijuba sokudubula yasetshenziselwa ngisho nangaphambi isethulo yayo esemthethweni. Ngo-1986, e-US iwine emncintiswaneni umcibisholo naye eVirginia. Futhi, igobolondo isetshenziswa kanye abazingeli. He is bemthanda abalandeli varmint abazingela (abazingela olude) kanye Awe-Benchrest (ngokudubula kusukela uhla olude on the target iphepha).

Ukuze ukuzingela igobolondo amachashazi ezakhiwa, aphumelele lokudubula isilwane nesisindo ton.

ukukhiqizwa

Ngaphezu Lapua inkampani Finnish, wahlanganyela ukukhiqizwa igobolondo njengoba inkampani Czech Sellier & Bellot, Norma Precision (Sweden), kodwa lamanje .338 Lapua Magnum senziwa kuphela ngesiRashiya ngesikhathi Novosibirsk igobolondo isitshalo. Izinkomba lapua Russian kancane kunabayeni inguqulo yasekuqaleni. Ikhophi egcwele igobolondo ubizwa ngokuthi SP-152.

izikhali chambered

igobolondo Heavy .338 LM wadala emisebenzi ethile, futhi izibhamu ukuthi ulisebenzise, kufanele lo meshi. Kodwa ngenxa focus emincane ngezibhamu eziningi akazange ukusakaza, ezifana-M98 Barrett. M98V Barrett futhi lakhiwe ngqo lesikali 338 Lapua, kulula kakhulu (isisindo 6,1 kg - kwalolu hlobo isibhamu ngempela kancane) kanye compact (1267 mm ubude, futhi kungenziwa athuthwe unassembled), nge longitudinally-ngokuhambisa isango futhi isitolo imizuliswano eziyishumi, futhi ifakwe suppressor flash. Njengezinye ngezibhamu zalolu hlobo, ingasetshenziswa ukubhubhisa imishini, kodwa elakhelwe Okuqondiwe bukhoma

338 osezingeni carbine Orsis SE T5000, isibhamu latiphindzako nge yokusetha kabusha manual, efanelekayo okuzingela noma target sokudubula. Futhi phakathi ngezibhamu Russian abe imodeli ngaphansi kwalesi osezingeni izikhali ngesikhathi inkampani waseRussia "Tsar Cannon".

Khiqiza izikhali ngaphansi yenkampani Calibre 338 Blaser, Remington, Keppeler, Weatherby, Ukunemba International (abenzi "isibhamu Arctic"), Sako nabanye.
By the way, eziningi zalezi ngezibhamu zisekujuleni njengoba umdlalo, ngakho wasebenzisa sokudubula Skeet, kuhlanganise eRussia. Into kuphela ogodla ukusabalala eliphezulu ngezibhamu - intengo zabo.

izinga Martial

338 LM waba ngaphezu kuhle izinhlamvu .50BMG Nokho, okuyinto, ubhekana abangababi bemisebenzi yaso - ngokudubula ku ukukhanya izimoto armored at amabanga amade, kodwa bacibishele Okuqondiwe bukhoma akulungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu 338 osezingeni Kwatholakala lula kakhulu "amahlanu".

Calibre 338 Lapua Magnum ne bullet Lubanzi has kokusebenza enamandla nomphumela ezibulalayo. Inhlamvu Pierces ikhona, ngisho esindayo izivikelo zomzimba kwezinkinga nezithiyo. amakhefu Lapua futhi udonga ukhonkolo, futhi amashidi steel kumuntu ukushuba 2.4 cm

Igobolondo ukuzingela nge Hlukanisa ichashazi ingasetshenziswa ekubulaleni izilwane ezinkulu ezifana amabhere futhi ungulates enkulu, nokho, ngisho noma esikhulu sezitini ichashazi igobolondo kuyinto ayizwakali ngokumelene nezilwane ezinkulu zase-Afrika: izindlovu, izimvubu, obhejane. On asetshenziswa ezifana ukuzingela cartridges, akhiwa Dzhimom Bellom noWilliam Feldstein, - .700 Nitro Express. Igobolondo ngoba zokudubula ibanga elifushane, ine kokuqala ichashazi velocity of 590 m / umzuzwana ngesikhathi isisindo 64,8 g ibanga elikhulu le izinhlamvu labadubuli - 122 m, ngenkathi has a ukuhlakazwa ezingekho ngaphezu 3 cm ubude igobolondo 700 ilingana 106 geji. 88 mm, ukubuya, naphezu isisindo elisindayo isibhamu, nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu - isikhali nje punt. Kodwa akuzange kube yize .700 Nitro Express kubhekwa amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni abavikela emhlabeni. Igobolondo amandla 11.279 J, okuyinto kwanele kuholele contact rollover egijima obhejane noma indlovu. Ngisho ne ukunqotshwa isilwane indawo neuboynoe ilahlekelwa ikghono ngesikhathi imizuzu engu-5 kuya kwengu-20, futhi ngalesi sikhathi hunter kungaba nyá isilwane kusuka isibhamu ukuxegiselwa.

umlando service

338 Lapua Magnum igobolondo isetshenziselwa wezempi. It wasetshenziselwa empini e-Afghanistan (2001), e-Iraq, kanye empumalanga ye-Ukraine, Libya.

Chuck 338 "Lapua" dubula abadumile double Craig Harris yadalwa (ka engengaphansi kwengu-edumile "isibhamu Arctic") - ngo-2009, kuqhuma isibhamu kabili okuhloswe wabulala ababili umshini isitha Gunners e Afghanistan.

Kuyinto lokhu abavikela owaziwa wajabulela sniper Kris Kayl evela e-US, lapho kukhiqizwa shot yayo ezikude kakhulu -. 1940 m in Sadr City ngo-2008, wabulala isiqalisi rocket owawuphuma bacibishele ebumnyameni kulandelana-United States.

Enye esingu Lapua Magnum igobolondo abadumile senziwa British ukhoporali Christopher Reynolds. Futhi e-Afghanistan, kodwa Ngemva konyaka, waphinde wabulala okuhloswe shot kusuka 1853 metres Taliban umkhuzi squad ngokuthi Mullah. Ngenxa yalesi shot Kristofer Reynolds waklonyeliswa ngendondo.

Okunye cartridges osezingeni 338

Igobolondo 338 kungenziwa ngokuthi sinqobe kugxilwe kancane, nakuba has a ukusebenza okuhle. 338 Winchester Magnum - abazingeli igobolondo senzelwe ukubulawa kwezilwane enkulu (kuhlanganise namabhere futhi amaphiva), has ezintathu kuphela izinhlobo zezibhamu, okuyinto kunciphisa kwayo phakathi abazingeli, ngisho noma esethathe enendawo eqinile e injongo yaso njengoba enamandla kakhulu igobolondo osezingeni amaphakathi, ayenzelwanga ichashazi sokudubula at amabanga amade. Sales eMelika, lapho kuvuma 7 mm iNsalela Mag 300 Win Mag. Ngaphansi osezingeni 338 Win Mag eMelika emhlabeni wonke ekhiqizwa eziningi izikhali: Remington & apos; 700, Steyr - Mannlicher S, Winchester, Alaska Wena nabanye.

Okunye izinhlamvu we osezingeni elifanayo - .338 Weatherby Magnum. Ammunition yasungulwa ngesisekelo .378 WeatherbyMagnum. Futhi, njengoba nabaqambi Ucwaningo kwezikhali Industries, uRoy Uezerbi wadala igobolondo entsha, crimping ka emkhonweni. Nokho, ngokungafani 338 Bell, lokhu liner wamelana nokucindezelwa amagesi Propellant futhi ligcwaliswe ngokuphumelelayo ezikhishwe emakethe .338 Win Mag, futhi isisindo 250 okusanhlamvu futhi libonisa ijubane 900 m / sec.

Ngaphansi inkampani entsha igobolondo Weatherby ngezibhamu umkhankaso onobuhle "Akkyumark", "zokwenziwa" futhi TPM.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: 338 Lapua Magnum isibe igama incwadi uchungechunge "Stalker". Ngemva ekuthuthukiseni nokubeka kokusebenza igobolondo owaqamba igama elithi "ekudubuleni". Ngakho saqala ngokuhambela izindawo ukubiza abacibishelayo ibanga ezimba.

Kukhethwa osezingeni ngoba sniping

Kunemibono eminingi, kodwa bonke bayavumelana into eyodwa: kukhona ezinye osezingeni jikelele, kanye 338 iyathinteka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela osezingeni ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ichashazi, isisindo sayo wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, kanye nenani neziqhumane. Imicibisholo kungase ngokwabo ukulungisa izinhlamvu, imingcele eziningana zishintsha ohlangothini lwesokunene ke, kodwa ikakhulukazi futhi kufanele kuphela ukhulume ifektri cartridges. Yonke indawo has amaphutha ayo kanye okuhlukile. gauge ngamunye ubhekana kuphela ngesethi imisebenzi kuye, ngakho into yokuqala kufanele anqume nabo.

Izikali Khanyisa (ngezansi amathathu) manje zigcwalisa lesi siprofetho ngokunikela cishe yonke abakhiqizi kwezikhali. Uma ngaphambili kukholakala ukuthi calibers ukukhanya kukhona kuphela ezifanelekela zokudubula ibanga kwamamitha esingaphansi 300, manje mncintiswano abasubathi ukuyisebenzisa ngisho nalapho ngokudubula elide kuze kube ikhilomitha elilodwa. I plus eyinhloko ubukhulu - ukuhamba. izingalo kanye nezinhlamvu elincane isisindo kukuvumela ukuthwala izinhlamvu ngaphezulu futhi lisabela ngokushesha nezimo ezishintshayo.

Okulingene-osezingeni, ukuze elingelakwaJuda futhi .338, eyenzelwe ibanga elide sokudubula. Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokuqala, izikhali ezinjalo nzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kudinga isibopho sezomthetho okukhulu kwezomthetho: 338 "Lapua" amakhefu ngokusebenzisa kocingo ukhonkolo, futhi uma kusetshenziselwa amachashazi Lubanzi kungaba cishe 100% ithuba lokuvula umlomo ukuthi ngeke kube khona ithuba lokusinda e abantu.

calibers Heavy - "zamashumi amahlanu" ephikisana kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, benza umsebenzi oncomekayo nge ukunqotshwa imishini olude, kodwa sibambene Manpower akuyona yaphumelela kangaka. Yebo, 50-osezingeni sokuzingela ichashazi uyakwazi ukuthumela ibanga amakhilomitha amabili, kodwa kuthonywa izici eziningi ukuze ukuziphatha okuhloswe umlilo ku ukukhula kwelitshe kuba cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ngakho ukuthi hit olunembile ezimweni ezinjalo - icala non-eziwubala. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi igobolondo yasekuqaleni lwenzelwe isibhamu umshini.

isiphetho

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo izinhlamvu ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi imisebenzi ayinikiwe, it has ezithile. Kuqhathaniswa "zamashumi amahlanu" ezincane osezingeni ngezibhamu 338. Bahlaziya yisilinganiso sesifundo esisodwa nengxenye izikhathi kancane. Noma kunjalo osezingeni 338 akusho negate umthelela eqinile nomsindo ovala izindlebe uhlwayi. Izibhamu kufanele ifakwe ukubopha nomlomo, umcibisholo sinconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela ukuze uvikele izindlebe zakho. I isibhamu has a isisindo 4.3 kg umthelela elilingana 6,88 kg / cm, olungena ngaphansi komkhakha ngenhla avareji.

338 osezingeni ngezibhamu akuzona isigaba isabelomali. Ukubona amandla egcwele izikhali neziqhumane kuyadingeka ukuthenga yokukhanya namandla ezibizayo. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukunikeza isibhamu silencer ukuze uvikele izindlebe zakho futhi kuvimbele isandla ekusakazeni doti emhlabeni.

Kukholakala ukuthi ubukhulu 338 yadalwa ukugcwalisa igebe phakathi .30 osezingeni (7.62 mm) kanye .50 (12.7mm). Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela ngakho. Kuqhathaniswa lokuqala wazalela 338 Lapua, by pool kwagcizelela, ngaphansi obala umoya futhi kangcono zigcinwe energy kinetic esifundeni, futhi lokhu kubonakala kuyisixazululo esingaphelele umphumela abulala nakakhulu.

Ngenxa flat trajectory munition yayo lizimelele phakathi professional ezempi namaphoyisa lokudutshulwa. Nge isikhali ezifanele okwazi kokudubula phezu ibanga ikhilomitha, nangaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunikeza ngamasentimitha 15 kuphela chitha ngesikhathi kokudubula ngalesi ibanga. Kungenjalo, konke kukhawulwe kuphela amakhono umcibisholo.