Castle Medieval yomlando Vyborg, ikheli, Festival

Zizwe ukhululekile ukuvala leli khasi uma akanandaba inqaba ephakathi, futhi kuvulwa sivala. Vyborg - idolobha elihle futhi isihloko interesting okuningi. Kukhona eziningi ezikhangayo, kuhlanganise inqaba yasendulo. Yilokho ngakho, sikhuluma namuhla.

Ngo-Leningrad esifundeni lo edolobheni ethokomele ebamba legend futhi imfihlakalo. Vyborg Castle angabizwa ngokuthi enkabeni yedolobha. It ikhona selokhu aba khona. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, nakanjani uyofuna ukuvakashela Vyborg.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Castle, efana lo muzi ngokwawo, eligcwele umoya Ephakathi. Sizokhuluma ngomlando walo, kanye isimo samanje Museum kanye nemikhosi aphethwe lapha. nezindaba yenhlangano nayo ibalulekile kulabo wanquma ukuvakashela Vyborg (castle). Ivula amahora Museum, ikheli layo kanye ongakhetha njengoba ungathola kuso, izophinda kubhekwe. Izithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko kuzokusiza uthole emoyeni we Ephakathi.

Ukuze bafike edolobheni

Umbuzo wokuqala ephakama labo uhlela uhambo, lokhu okulandelayo: "Uphi enqabeni Vyborg (Vyborg), nokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani kulo?" Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona ngayinye okuyinto thina ukuchaza ngokwehlukile.

Inketho yokuqala ukuya edolobheni futhi uvakashele Vyborg Castle, - ziva-. Kulokhu, awudingi ukuba ucabange indlela ukuhlela umzila. Usuku nanye ibhasi uhambo Petersburg abiza ruble mayelana 1300-1500 (impesheni, izingane zesikole ezingu nabafundi - 1150-1350). Amabhasi njalo asuke ezitaladini Duma (metro station "saseNevsky Prospect"). Uhambo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ngokuvakashela i MonRepos epaki futhi ukukhiya, kanye uhambo umgwaqo edolobheni elidala.

Eyesibili inketho - ukuya lapha ngemoto. Kusukela Petersburg umgwaqo kuzothatha amahora mayelana 1.5, kodwa kukhona nethuba lokungena isiminyaminya.

Enye - ibhasi. Kusukela "Parnassus" metro station lapho beya kanye isigamu sehora (inombolo umzila 850), futhi "Devyatkino" - isikhathi 1.5 amahora. Isikhathi hambo amahora ambalwa. Ithikithi ngeke ukhokhe ruble ezingaphezu kuka-200 kancane.

Ungasebenzisa wesitimela. Isikhawu Ukuhamba Isitimela somhambi kuyinto cishe amahora amabili, futhi intengo ithikithi - ruble mayelana 300. Kukhona izitimela okusheshayo, umgwaqo lapho kuyehla kube ihora ( "Ukugwinya" futhi "Allegro"). Bonke asuke Finland Station.

Ungase futhi ukubhukuda ngesikebhe noma yacht ngqo enqabeni. Yiqiniso, umkhumbi kakusilo nhlobo, kodwa kungaba kuqashwe. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene iziphakamiso izindleko, umzila kanye nenani abantu Vyborg futhi Petersburg.

Umgwaqo enqabeni

Ake sixoxe ngalokho indlela leya enqabeni e Vyborg esiteshini sesitimela / ujantshi (endleleni, sebhasi esiseduze, ngakho kulo mzila kufanelekile, futhi labo abeza ngebhasi). Okokuqala, udinga ukufaka i-Leningrad Avenue (kusukela esiteshini sesitimela / ujantshi ngakwesokudla). Yiya ngqo - futhi uzithola ku ukubukwa elihle chibi. Summer ngokuqondile kusukela wamanzi. Ukuba okuncane okwengeziwe, uzobona ngakwesokunxele endaweni enkulu. Ngokuvamile ukuthengisa ezihlukahlukene eziyisikhumbuzo (empeleni, igama layo liyazikhulumela - Market Square). Nangu round umbhoshongo abadumile, okuyinto sezakhiwo endala ka Vyborg. Nokho, thina ngeke sihlale isikhathi eside lapho. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba uthole ukuthi uvakashele enqabeni.

Ngokushesha uzophawula nombhoshongo walo eziphakemeyo, okuzokwenza ukuqondiswa. Qaphela ukuthi asimdingi kwebhuloho lokuqala nelesibili (Castle), ngakho kuqala udinga ukuya. ukudlula esanda kushada phezu Fortress Bridge, ngakho lapha uzobona eziningi sivala.

Yingakho sithola ekugcineni ku Castle Island, lapho sinikeza izwe elihluke kakhulu. Uma ungaqashwa athikanyezwe bethwebula futhi bencoma edolobheni, umgwaqo 1.5 km ubude kuzothatha cishe 20 imizuzu.

Umlando ka enqabeni

Kuyadingeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuthi Vyborg Castle - kuphela ezweni lethu, isikhumbuzo bokwakha le-European Ephakathi, uye walondolozwa ukuze izinsuku zethu. Umlando ukwakhiwa yayo iqala 1293. Kukholakala ukuthi yayibizwa wazimisa Vyborg.

Castle emlandweni Vyborg

Isisekelo edolobheni senzeke Yenkolo Okwesithathu, abaseSweden abaye ihlelwe ukuba ephethwe ngenkathi Novgorod Karelian umhlaba. Phakathi nomkhankaso, Marshal UTorkel Knutsson, le ke umbusi Sweden, bathumba Western Karelia. Endaweni matasa, yena wayala ukuba kwakhiwe inqaba enamandla, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku uyaziqhenya Vyborg. A inqaba ephakathi yakhiwa kulesi sizinda, elalikade kwaba Karelian-Novgorod enezivikelo eziqinile. Marshall bamshaya, ngemva kwalokho abaseSweden waqala ukwakha inqaba.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, UTorkel Knutsson kubhekwa umsunguli emzini Vyborg futhi Vyborg Castle. Shono kude kulezi zinyanga, ku endaweni eHholo LeDolobha Elidala, kuba isikhumbuzo. Nokho, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi ezinye izazi-mlando ebekela ukubandakanywa siqu Marshal emkhankasweni, nakuba wahlela uhambo ukuze Karelia.

AbaseSweden ukhethe indawo inqaba kahle: amagquma isiqhingi, idwala eliyigwadle. Ezinye izizwe futhi kuqinisekisa ukutholakala ingozi amanzi, ngakho ngeke bambe emseleni. Phakathi neminyaka engu-400 eyalandela, enqabeni waba siphephelo Vyborg abaseSweden abuse Karelian Isthmus. Yena udliwe ku ukubaluleka amasu nakwezempi Stockholm kuphela futhi kwaba belingana ne Kalmar Castle.

I etymology kwegama "Vyborg"

Ngokufanayo, akwaziwa mayelana etymology kwegama lo muzi inqaba. "Vyborg", ngokuvumelana izinguqulo eziyisisekelo - "inqaba Gulf" noma "inqaba ongcwele". Kuyinto inguqulo yakamuva yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi, njengoba encwadini King Birger wathi mayelana nokwakhiwa kwethempeli behlonipha Nkulunkulu kanye Virgin Ubusisiwe.

Isigaba sokuqala ukwakhiwa

Esigabeni sokuqala sokwakha Vyborg Castle lalinabashumayeli okuvimbezela, esehlanganise yonke azungezwe egqumeni isiqhingi. Maphakathi odongeni kwaba omkhulu square umbhoshongo igiya St Olav (ngenhla). Wabizwa ngokuthi behlonipha Olaf II - omunye abangcwele ohlonishwayo kakhulu eScandinavia, inkosi yaseNorway, uMbhapathizi fighter ngokumelene ebuqabeni. Lokhu umbhoshongo kwaba neze exhunywe ne ezindongeni inqaba. Kwakuwusuku isiboshwa, emi yedwa ngaphansi isikhungo. Phela, lokhu isiboshwa ngesikhathi esingesikhulu kakhulu lonke eScandinavia. Egumbini basembhoshongweni St Olaf igcinwe izimpahla eyisithunjwa futhi agcinwe, futhi esitezi sesibili kukhona izindlu ombusi nethimba lakhe. Kulapha-ke inkosi Swedish wahlala phakathi evakashele edolobheni.

Imivubukulo iye yabonisa ukuthi ukushuba we izindonga basembhoshongweni St Olaf kwaba 4 amamitha kanye Vyborg inqaba - 1.5-2 amamitha. Esinanyathiselwe wamapulangwe sagijima sigudla azungezwe udonga inqaba (okubizwa ngokuthi ukulwa ukuthutha noma ukuqapha indlela). Kulona kanye igquma lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, ivikelwe ngale kwalezi zindonga, futhi kwakheka lokuqala elakhiwa Vyborg. labantu kulo muzi lakhula ngokushesha, futhi Castle walesi siqhingi kwakungumbusi akwanele. Vyborg bawelela ezwekazini iye Cape, etholakala ogwini olusempumalanga ye-strait.

Imizamo ukubuyela edolobheni

Novgorod wazama wasithatha castle ukwazi phansi elahlekile ngo 1294 kanye 1322, kodwa lemizamo aziphumelelanga, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-1322-m ukushaywa kwakhe kwenziwe ngumuntu lesichubekako (wasebenzisa kamnemetnye umshini). Umngcele phakathi Sweden kanye nezwe Novgorod ku Orekhovskaya emhlabeni, kwaphela 1323, sasinikwa uDade River. Kingdom of Sweden wathola ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Karelian Isthmus.

Castle ngaphansi Karl Knutsson futhi owamlandela

On emagcekeni nqaba ngekhulu le-15 (uma Karl Knutsson owayephezu) babe yokuhlala isakhiwo ukuphakama izibuya eziningana. Agcina nge karate jika esiyingelezini sezulu ohlangothini ebhekene edolobheni futhi ibhuloho. Ngesikhathi umbhoshongo Yakhiwa Shoemaker. Phakathi nokubusa Karl Knutsson Castle aluthola ubukhazikhazi ekhethekile futhi elicwebezela ngokukhethekile. ezindlini ezintsha, alungisa amakamelo isimo amabhola kanye imikhosi, knightly amahholo, zalungiswa phansi wesithathu isakhiwo main, elalikade kwakusho kuphela ukuzivikela ezakhiwa.

Kuleli ukwakhiwa is hhayi kuqeda. Ngemva Karl Knutsson kwesokunxele enqabeni, umsebenzi waqhubeka esebenzisa owamlandela - Eric Tott futhi Sten Sture. Ngaleso sikhathi, le nqaba wahlala esihlalweni umbusi, kanye sokuqondisa se-ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe ka Vyborg. Ekhoneni mpumalanga ipharadesi umbhoshongo lakhiwa-ke - round umbhoshongo kuqala enqabeni (ngenhla). It ababhemayo uvele izitofu tiled. Izindonga basembhoshongweni St Olaf ngaphakathi ngokhuni asezindongeni kanye engenhla castle egcekeni ukuthi kwavula ngetshe.

Umnikelo Erika Totta

UMphathi inqaba phakathi nekhulu le-15 kwaba Eric Totti, bese phansi 4th of isakhiwo main sashintshwa saba yindawo yokuhlala. Kwakukhona futhi phansi yesihlanu, eyenzelwe ukuvikela. Tott ngesikhathi kuvuselelwa enqabeni esetshenziswa isiko izakhiwo ukuzivikela yokutholwa eNyakatho Yurophu. Ngaphambi imililo njalo okonakalisa ubukhazikhazi enqabeni, isakhiwo yayo kanye nokubukeka ezazisemizini ekuseni Renaissance isitayela. Tott hedged Vyborg udonga lwamatshe nge imibhoshongo (enhlonhlweni, esemgwaqweni phambi inqaba). Ngakho, Vyborg Castle kancane kancane wathatha isikhundla ezingemuva inqaba. Town Hall Tower, futhi round kamuva bawukuphela izingxenye zalo, walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu.

"Vyborg Okuduma"

Vyborg ngo-September 1495 kwashaqisa umcimbi, okuyinto wehla emlandweni ngokuthi "Vyborg Thunder". impi Russian-Swedish waqala kuwo lo nyaka, no-Ivan Iii zanquma ukubathumela amasosha ukuba ahlasele le Vyborg Castle. Ngokokuqala ngqá ezinkulu-osezingeni izibhamu zazisetshenziselwa ukubhujiswa izindonga. imibhoshongo ezimbili ziwile, akakwazanga ukumelana sokuhlaselwa, futhi esinye senziwa ikhefu. AbaseSweden eholwa umkhuzi UKnut Posse ngasinda okuvinjezelwa, yize kwasetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bamuva Russian futhi ephakeme kunabanye babo zezinombolo. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, ukaputeni wayala abantu bakhe ukuba umlilo ingxube powder (mhlawumbe zemiphongolo resin), bese azisebenzisa ukuze aphazamise abanye kwemibhoshongo castle. Intuthu futhi ukubhonga umsindo ovala izindlebe wokudubula kwaholela ukudideka nemabutfo, futhi zinhlanga.

Ukuvinjezelwa kwedolobha kwasuswa, kwakukhona ngokushesha isinyathelo sezempi okwesikhashana. Futhi mayelana "Vyborg ukuqhuma" wahambisana legend. UKnut Posse ngisho kuthiwa abhalwa omlingo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakuthiwa ukuvinjezelwa yena kuphekwe "Potion Infernal" e kubhayela omkhulu. Futhi kwakukhona inguqulo ye ukuthi lapho amabutho Swedish ayesezohlubuka walala phansi izikhali zakhe, ngokungazelelwe Saltire uvele esibhakabhakeni. Russian at imbona wayethukile futhi wabaleka. Enye inguqulo kumnandi has ukuba umuzi Lalingumhume, "Smellie", okuyinto owayezamazamisa ukubhonga esabekayo lapho kusondela isitha.

ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo

umbhoshongo eyinhloko 1564 kwaba indaba nesikhombisa (ngaphambili kwakukhona kuphela engxenyeni engezansi isikwele). Ingxenye engenhla kwaba manje ukuma octagonal nge inganono izintuba usike ezindongeni. Ngenxa izintuba kungaholela labadubuli isiyingi. Qaphela ukuthi kule wokwakha we makaqhubeke ngalesi sikhathi kwase kuqala asetshenziswa isitini.

Ngokusho Stolbovo kwaphela 1617, i-isiSwidi umngcele Holdings kakhulu isihambile ezijulile emazweni Novgorod. Border futhi ukubaluleka lempi emzini Vyborg lanqotshwa, ngakho enqabeni lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela ejele. Insimu edolobheni kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-18 kwakungekaNkulunkulu abaseSweden. Ngalesi sikhathi, amandla ukukhiya, futhi nokuphela.

Vyborg emva ukuthunjwa edolobheni ngu-Peter mina

Peter mina ngemva kokuvinjezelwa eside futhi bombardment wathatha Vyborg Juni 3, 1710, kodwa abaseSweden babe ekujaheni ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi. Swedish elanqoba Vyborg ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19.

City ne Vyborg castle emva bamba amabutho Russian kwabhujiswa. Isimo sabo laso kwakonakele. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ungene ngemvume 1721 iSivumelwano Nystad, ekugcineni kuvikelwe emngceleni Vyborg wakhela ukuphila okunokuthula. Le nqaba waqala ukuqhuba umsebenzi omkhulu wokubuyisela. Kodwa engxenyeni kwekhulu le-18 yesibili, wabanjwa phakathi Annenkrone namandla enezimpondo, izivikelo eziqinile, ngakho elahlekile okukushoyo eyayike yaba sebuthweni lezempi. Le nqaba yasetshenziselwa ngendlu isikaniso Russian.

Umlando okwalandela lomuzi bekulokhu kunzima. Kodwa akukho waya Finns ngo-1918, phakathi neMpi Russian-Finnish (1939-1940.) Kwathatha amasosha aseSoviet. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, esanda lidlule Vyborg Finland.

Khona-ke, ngo-1944, yayingaphansi lokuqala eU.SSR bese Russia. Okwamanje, leso siqhingi inqaba yilona State Museum "Vyborg Castle". It yasungulwa ngo-July 13, 1960 Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 abasebenzi Museum kwadingeka ukuba ubhekane nobunzima. Iqiniso lokuthi umbhoshongo itholakala emaphethelweni eweni waqala ehle. Esinye isizathu salokhu - imiphumela yokuzamazama, kanye nezinye - ezokuthutha esindayo. Okwamanje, inkinga isixazululiwe.

Manje ukuthi izinto ezithakazelisayo kungabonwa enqabeni.

Tower of St Olaf

Izivakashi uthole eziningi imizwelo kusukela ukugibela umbhoshongo. Ukuze ukukhuphuka, kumele sinqobe izinyathelo 239 ezitebhisini sasivumela emaweni. Lokhu kudinga ukulungiselela ezithile emzimbeni, kodwa umvuzo ngeke bathathe isikhathi eside, ngakho qhubeka! Lapho eya kuso, ungajabulela le ukubukwa kusukela amafasitela. Eliphezulu uzothola umbono omangalisayo ethekwini nedolobha.

Ungasebenza emhlabeni umbhoshongo bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Uzobona idolobha bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo ezithakazelisayo, engavamile-Russia. uphahla Multi-anemibala ezihlukahlukene ukudala flavour of Vyborg. Ungabona lapha, futhi isimo Cathedral kanye Clock Tower, nezinye izimpawu zomhlaba.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Vyborg Castle"

Ngemva kokuvakashela mbukiso Museum, uyoba lokumba umlando empini lempi esifundeni, emphilweni abakhileyo, kanye ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokwakhiwa enqabeni. Lapha uzothola iqoqo amasiko ziyathathwa, wafika emzini isikhathi eside kwaba seqophelweni umngcele. Ubunjalo Karelian Isthmus, lapho Vyborg nozinikele Umbukiso ehlukile. Iqoqo ebaluleke kunayo Museum - imidwebo namatshe aqoshiwe of V. Kozlova futhi L. A. Ditriha, zobumba kanye nokuqoqwa numismatic.

nemibukiso lesikhashana kanye nemikhosi

Lapha akusiyo ziphephile unomphela kuphela - nazo zithathelwa nemibukiso zesikhashana. Ngokwesibonelo, ngolunye usuku ngo-Museum okuhleliwe ikamelo sokuhlushwa. Yiqiniso, indawo okwesabisayo, kodwa lokhu mbukiso waba yimpumelelo enkulu phakathi izivakashi.

Ngokuvamile enqabeni guided izinkambo nezinhlelo zokusebenzisana. Ngokwesibonelo, ethandwa kakhulu ngempi nomlando mkhosi waminyaka yonke ehlanganisa jousting. Le nqaba emoyeni ephakathi lolu suku ikakhulukazi wazizwa, kanye kulo lonke idolobha. Ngaphandle izimpi knightly, imikhosi Ungalalela umculo ephakathi, ukubona izigcawu nokuphila Abantu bangaleso sikhathi, kanye iqhaza workshop futhi ufunde ezinye ukuhweba. Liphinde lunikeze ithuba ukuzijayeza kyokushin futhi uvakashele idili ephakathi.

Baningi izivakashi zithuthelekela emikhosini Vyborg. "Castle Knight sika," isibonelo, ligcinwe njalo ngonyaka. By the way, kwathatha indawo kakhulu muva nje, ngo-July 30-31, futhi usebe 21 ilandelana. Izivakashi elinde izimpi omkhulu abagqoke amasosha zempi ngezinyawo, izintaba kanye Ukugibela tournaments jousting. Vele ngenxa yalesi ungavakashela Vyborg. Tournament "Castle Knight sika" eqoqwe eziningi izivakashi. Bakhandwa ubungazwa Minstrels ephakathi, futhi ngemva izimpi Knights izintokazi yabo babefundiswa zonke comers nemidanso ephakathi.

Ebusuku, zezivakashi unquma ukuvakashela umkhosi "Castle Knight sika" (Vyborg) Umlilo walinda ukumelwa ne Dragon neGceke Lika iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki nokubulawa. I amakhefu babe zezingane izimpi, ukuzijabulisa kanye nemidlalo, kanye imincintiswano abahlanganyeli kanye ezibukelini. Nasemagcekeni wezandla fair kungabuye wavakashela, kufika emkhosini "Castle Knight sika". Vyborg, izivakashi uthi, ngasekupheleni July, sengathi iyiswe esidlule. Atmosphere zigcinwe izinhlamvu medieval (Russian Knights and Knights European), ubani owafaka endaweni lomkhosi ekamu yabo belungele ukuhamba.

Phakathi nalo mkhosi a uyaphila kakhulu Vyborg. "Castle Knight sika" - omunye izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo kunazo edolobheni.

Amahora okuvula yekheli Museum

Nesithakazelo Vyborg futhi castle bayo basendulo? Vakashela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kodwa phakathi kwamahora athile kuphela kuthatha izivakashi Vyborg Castle. Imodi yayo wokusebenza - kusuka 11:00 kuya 19:00 kuwo wonke amalanga weveke ngaphandle ngoLwesihlanu. NgoLwesihlanu, ke uvala ekuseni - e 18 amahora.

Ngakho, manje uyazi lapho ungavakashela enqabeni Vyborg. Imodi yokusebenza ikuvumela ukuhlela uhambo kunoma iyiphi usuku lwesonto. Abaningi cishe ufuna ukwazi ikheli lakhe. Kunoma ikuphi, nimnike Nokho, cishe, uyobe kalula ukuthole enqabeni e Vyborg. Ikheli kube lula: Castle Isiqhingi, 1.

Ingabe kuwufanele umzamo ngoba ukuvakashela kule ndawo? Ngokuqinisekile, Museum akuyona kuphela ezithakazelisayo, kodwa futhi emzini Vyborg. Le nqaba, okuyinto libuyekeza omuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi abathandi Ephakathi.