Cathedral of St. Mark e-Venice (izithombe)

Beautiful Venice ilethe abadwebi abaningi, izimbongi futhi abaculi ukudala imisebenzi edumile emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu akusona isimanga. Idolobha lapho kutholakala khona imvelo elihle ngokuvumelanayo ehlangene izakhiwo enkulu nomlando omude, akekho ongasisebenzisa bahlala banganandaba. Lapho zonke esakhiweni kuyinto izivakashi, kodwa lesi sihloko sizobe ukwethula kini wokwakha omangalisayo - Cathedral of St. Mark.

yesonto

Ngo-Venice, yonke indawo ungathola izikhumbuzo eziningi anikezelwe umvangeli Marku, ozoba Sekuyisikhathi eside bebheka bonke ongumvikeli edolobheni. Chapel lokuqala abazinikezele ukuba abaphostoli uvele edolobheni emuva ngonyaka 829. shrine wakhe oyinhloko kanye izinsalela St UMarku, lapho amatilosi Venetian bathunjwa owawuvela e-Aleksandriya.

Lapho baseVenice wabona ukuthi amaSulumane ngonya ukubhubhisa emathempelini amaKristu futhi esikhundleni sabo Yakha amathempeli, banquma ukugcina izinsalela umvangeli kusukela ukusilaphazeka. Njengoba le nganekwane wasendulo ukuba sithwale esifuze esingenantengo emkhunjini, abathengisi waya iqhinga - babeka yengulube izidumbu izinsalela saint, futhi ezisebenzini zasemingceleni bathi ethutha yengulube. Saracens wokushumayela Islam, akazange alinge uthinte izilwane ezingcolile, futhi akazange hlola imoto. Basilica of St. Mark e kwaba nesiteleka ethandwa e 976 zishiswe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naye yehliswa esihlalweni sobukhosi sombusi Venetian Pietro IV Candiano.

Umlando yesonto

Cathedral of St uMarku, omlando wakhe waqala ngo-1063, is eshaya izivakashi abavamile nje kuphela. Balijabulela futhi namanje uqhubeka utadisha ochwepheshe emkhakheni bokwakha. Ukubheka isithombe sakhe, abaningi bayazibuza okuyinto Umuzi umelela Cathedral of St. Mark. Yiqiniso, e-Venice lasendulo (Italy).

Ngo 1071, ngesikhathi sesonto asiphothulwanga, ke wakhushulwa esikhundleni umbusi omusha wase-idolobha - Domenico Selvo. Kwakuphakathi yakhe (1071-1084 GG.) Waqala umjikelezo wokuqala ukukhiqizwa umhlobiso KaMose lombhishobhi. Inikezela ithempeli 1094 lapho Vitale Faliero. Lo mbusi (doge) wangcwatshwa omunye zemibukiso, iphi narthex wethempeli namuhla.

Cathedral St kaMarku, isithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, lakhiwa angabacwasi ngokushesha - ngaphakathi engamashumi amathathu. Kodwa njalo enwetshiwe ahlotshiswe kule minyaka eyikhulu emihlanu ezayo.

Ngo venitsiantsev sengathi ukuthumba izinsalela ufunde Aleksandriya, ngakho banquma ukubiza "isimangaliso" zokuvakashela izinsalela. Inganekwane yasendulo lithi izakhamuzi zedolobha ayeyalwe ukuba Ukusheshisa bakhulekele uJehova ukusiza ukuthola izinsalela Mark. Futhi ngelinye ilanga, uNkulunkulu 'ukuzwa' imithandazo izakhamuzi - ngesikhathi omunye izinkonzo zesonto kukholamu wayengaselona isisekelo sawo esakhiwe ngemabula, futhi amakholwa imbobo yasibona inhlanekela yesandla njengomuntu olungile. Akungabazeki uhlala - izinsalela wasiza ukuthola "simangaliso".

Isigodlo Chapel

Kwaphela isikhathi eside Cathedral of St. Mark (Venice) kuyinto Chapel esigodlweni. Kulesi kwethempeli kwakuyizingalo ababusi ebekiwe umqhele (doji), kodwa lapha bathola indawo yokuphumula sokugcina. Ithempeli wabusiswa ibutho yanqoba eziMpini Zokholo. izinduna Kukhona ngathola isibusiso, kusale hambo ezikude.

Kulezi izindonga kumbusi waseRoma lasendulo - UFrederick mina Barbarossa - I waphetha ukuthula eside elindelwe Alexander III. Ngaphandle IMisa yesivumelwano Basilica of mahhala, akukho mkhosi edolobheni. On the esigcawini phambi kwethempeli kwakuyizingalo ezinomsindo futhi uqhubeke ukwenza umsindo manje abadumile carnivals Venetian kanye nezinye imikhosi aphethwe.

Cathedral St likaMarku e-Venice: Architecture

Cishe akukho muntu izingxabano egomela ukuthi lelibandla - omunye ezikhangayo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ezimibalabala. Kwathengwa isakhiwo esiyisitezi omkhulu ngokubabazekayo izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kuyini Cathedral zikhanga kangaka of St. Mark? Yiba ngaphansi nemengamo yalo, ngokuvumelana isitatimende ebandla - kuyinto injabulo enkulu. isakhiwo Monumental kuqinisa ukholo futhi uyazihlanza umphefumulo.

Kodwa asikwazi ukusho mayelana nezici yezakhiwo isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Cathedral St kaMarku, incazelo okuyinto ingatholakala zonke isiqondiso ekuphileni ngoba Venice, it has zokungena ezinhlanu. Ngamunye wabo esiveza futhi amakholomu eziyizitezi ezimbili. Langa Ukwakheka KaMose ngaphezu izenzakalo yokungena show ukuthi ahlobene ukuthunjwa kwe-izinsalela saint futhi ukubonakala kubo e-Venice.

A Cathedral engu- oluyingungu St. Mark wadala ku model of the isonto zabaPhostoli eConstantinople. Njengoba thina sekushiwo, amakhulu amahlanu eminyaka kamuva enwetshiwe muhle ethempelini. zemabula ebhekene phezu olungaphambili lwesonto lombhishobhi waqala ngo 1159. Ekhulwini XII yamatshe phezu Dome emaphakathi kanye vaults. Baptisery futhi Capella zokuxhumana. Isiphepho U-Isidore ingezwe ku 1354. Capella Mascolo uvele ekhulwini xv, kanye sacristy. Esikhathini, XVI ekhulwini ezilandelayo, kwakukhona indlu ka Zen. Umhlobiso ibandla ekupheleni kwekhulu xv. Lokhu kuqinisekisa nomfanekiso waso esisencwadini isithombe J. Bellini.

Ochwepheshe uqaphele heterogeneity okusobala izitayela lathumela kwendawo phambi kwethempeli. Cathedral St likaMarku yezakhiwo evelele yalo. Umbhali lo msebenzi waba ukwakhiwa umakhi omangalisayo engaziwa ngesiGreki ngubani kwabeka isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ukwakhiwa isiphambano WaseByzantium, futhi ethwele ezine Dome ekupheleni, eyesihlanu ngesisekelo.

Ngenhla eyinhloko yokungena lombhishobhi ungabona lwaleli nge KaMose emangalisayo. Ngenhla emnyango eyinhloko mural esibonisa izigcawu kusukela Lokwahlulela Zokugcina. Ophahleni ifakiwe ikhophi amahhashi amane ethusi. Lokhu ebaziwe walethwa kusukela waseConstantinople (1204) njengendlela indondo impi.

Cathedral izinsalela

Iningi izinsalela zethempeli lasendulo wafika lapha ngemva kokuwa kweConstantinople. Lezi ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa Quadriga esisogwini olungaphambili lwesonto entshonalanga. Lena ikhophi, futhi original yayo igcinwe Museum wethempeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "i-altare legolide" oyingqayizivele wenza amakhosi amahle WaseByzantium, isithonjana "Madonna Nikopeya".

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

St likaMarku Basilica (Venice) sithinta wonke umuntu oza ngaphansi nemengamo yalo, eziningi zemabula ezinemibala yamatshe isigcawu waseBhayibhelini. Akulesi endaweni enkulu - square metres engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine. izingcezu Amazing ingilazi enombala zibekwe phezu amashidi thinnest egolide. zokuxhumana Reliquary. Phawula agcinwe ngaphansi amagugu elikhazimulayo futhi igolide sobukhosi altare main. Ngenhla isethwe "E-altare legolide" - a iconostasis ekhethekile elenziwe amakhosi WaseByzantium e 1343, ethunywe baseVenice.

Ezenziwe esiliva zegolide Uhlaka gothic siqukethe 250 izithonjana ku koqweqwe lwawo obunamaparele 2000 amatshe semiprecious neyigugu. Phezu kwe-altare ungabona izigcawu lezi zincwadi eTestamenteni Elisha nokuphila umPhostoli Mark. Ngenxa omningi lombhishobhi igolide ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "Golden Basilica".

Namuhla, Cathedral of St. Mark - ithempeli ukusebenza. amasevisi Daily aphethwe Chapel of St Isiphepho U-Isidore. Njalo eziningi amasevisi, amalungu esonto hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izivakashi edolobheni. Nsuku zonke, ungavakashela Cathedral of St. Mark e-Venice. Amahora okuvula wethempeli kukhona elula kakhulu izivakashi - kusuka 9:45 kuya ku 16:00. Ngaphezu izinsalela, wammisa esiqongweni sethempeli izinsalela zihlanganisa isithonjana Virgin Nikopea namandla umfel 'ukholo Isidore. Yingakho lapha njalo ukufika-pilgrim Christian ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Campanile St likaMarku (Venice)

Ngakho shayela umbhoshongo insimbi yesonto. It kuyingxenye ebalulekile lombhishobhi. Itholakala kwi isikwele esemqoka yedolobha. Kusuka lapha ungabona konke Venice, njengoba ukuphakama sakhiwo 99 amamitha, kuba eliphakeme e-Venice.

Imininingwane zomlando

Ekhulwini VIII, wawukhona umbhoshongo iwashi. It lushiswe emlilweni, okwenzeka ngemuva kwesiteleka umbani. Ngo-1514, e kulowo muzi kwakukhona umbhoshongo insimbi, okuyinto kuyabonakala namuhla. He omula ukwakhiwa kwalesi Grimani sezempi yini. Wayefanele bakwethembe izakhamizi kanye nezikhulu zendawo, njengasekuqaleni, engazange kokumpimpa yayo, ngokuqondene ayekwazi isigwebo. Namuhla singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi Campanile St likaMarku yakhelwe Grimani kusho.

Lesi sakhiwo is beacon ngoba amatilosi isithala sabalindi. Ngakho-ke uma kubukwa kahle endaweni ezungezile. Nokho, kwaba yokujezisa nabapristi ngubani kwase kubonakala bobulili obufanayo. Bona zafakwa emakhejini akhethekile hung kusukela embhoshongweni.

incazelo

Cathedral Campanile St likaMarku kwadingeka izinsimbi ezinhlanu, futhi ngayinye kuwo lucwaningo umsebenzi walo. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo kwakuzwakala ekuseni, etshela abahlali ukuthi usuku uqalile.

Ngo-1902, umkhankaso odabukileyo kwenye odongeni phansi. Ngenhlanhla, akekho owalimala. Eminyakeni 10 (1912), umbhoshongo zase zimile.

Olungaphambili lwesonto Loge limelela nemengamo ezintathu ehlotshisiwe ohlangothini amakholomu. Phakathi nabo niches kukhona eziqoshiwe ithusi lazo Mercury, Minerva, u-Apollo. Phakathi kabusha ngo-1912 i-mbumbulu lateral, ebihlelwe ekuqaleni eyenziwe isitini, zemabula ngamatshe.