City Delphi, Greece: izikhangibavakashi, izithombe

Afuthwe ngesibulali izinganekwane lasendulo ezweni ongaqondakali ine isiko emangalisayo onohlonze futhi ukuhamba kuwo, ukwazi ezikhangayo esemqoka - nemnandi. Vakashela sombuso isintu iphupho izihambi eziningi ukuthokozela ithuba eliyingqayizivele ukuhlanganisa iholidi beach kanye nokuvakashela izindawo ezijabulisayo eGreece.

Delphi - luwuphawu yezwe, zimbozwe tinganekwane endaweni engaqondakali amandla eqinile, okuyinto esihlanganisa onkulunkulu nabantu abavamile. indawo engcwele, ivikelwe UNESCO, abaningi bayaqaphela isithombe odumile Nethempeli Apollo neyasePythian.

Legend of ukubukeka kwaleli dolobha

Engakufunda njengoba isikhungo abangokomoya nabangokwenkolo izinganekwane zaseGrisi lasendulo?

Delphi - lena endaweni lapho izinkozi ezimbili, okuyinto wakhipha uZeyusi le Thunderer kusukela emikhawulweni ezahlukene umhlaba wahlangana, bafumana phakathi kwakhe. Thola lapho kwakukhona khona umhlangano yezinyoni, esongelayo unkulunkulu kwesibhakabhaka waphonsa itshe le ndawo - yinhlama Monolithic, kanjalo wokugubha maphakathi nezwe. lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa sidilizwa into okuthiwa "inkaba Zomhlaba."

Ngokusho yetinsita lendlu engcwele kwakune ekuqaleni lapha, esiqashwe le Python inyoka. Engumxhasi wezobuciko Apollo wabulala isilo, futhi okwamanje isonto elisha, elimiswe lapha amatilosi engumKrethe efika, ephelezelwa ihlengethwa waphenduka libe ngunkulunkulu.

Lokhu inganekwane, okuyinto lisitshela yokunqoba indodana kaZeyusi phezu Python, ngokuvamile babedlala out izethulo unomphela yonke indawo yedolobha lasendulo, sekukhona oluzungeze indawo engcwele.

Izinto zesimanje spa kanye Museum bemivubukulo

Mangisho ukuthi Delphi (Greece), yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili: indawo yokungcebeleka emadolobheni bese bebeka bemivubukulo emithambekeni yeNtaba Parnassus. A yizivakashi, ethola izinkulungwane zezivakashi, yasungulwa ngo-1892, futhi amasayithi engcwele, ngokuvumelana izibalo ezisemthethweni, izizwe esezinzile BC XIV leminyaka.

Sukuma Yenqaba zendlu engcwele

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kuphela emva sehlelo ukubusa Apollo esezifakiwe ithempeli lokuqala. Kancane kancane ezikhulayo ngethonya lezombangazwe kwezinkolo ezazikulo muzi, ukwandisa imingcele yayo. Kube yayiqhutshelwa yesibili ebaluleke kunazo zonke elandela emva umncintiswano-Olympic ngesiGreki - the neyasePythian Imidlalo, wahlela njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine.

Phakathi VI futhi IV ekhulwini BC kukhona izimbali enkulu yendlu engcwele. Ngo Delphi (Greece) edonsela amakhulu abantu ukuba akwazi ukuthola amazwi esiprofetho nonkulunkulu ukucela iseluleko. Iminikelo Rich yezakhamuzi sibonge ngisho labasibekela esiphehla ithempeli elihle kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isipho somusa enjalo kwathululwa zegolide ebaziwe ka-Apollo. izipho eziningi aye avumela lo muzi ukwakha inkundla yemidlalo.

Nokho, ngesikhathi ukubuswa amaRoma, isilinganiso kubabusi kuya maphakathi ingokwenkolo okuxubile: abanye ababusi iphathwa kahle edolobheni, kanye nezinye yakhe waphakamisela iyophangwa.

Nge ukusabalala rationalism enkazimulweni Egumbini iqala ukushabalala. Ngo 394, i-emperor WaseByzantium wakhipha isimemezelo sokuba uqede engcwele womsebenzi, nomthelela inkambo yomlando emhlabeni, futhi ngemva kokubusa ubuKristu, eDelphi (Greece) kukhona bishoprics. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, emanxiweni eyaphenduka engcwele, hamba ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi Ephakathi ngakho, akekho zikhunjulwe. Kuleli qophelo kukhona zokuhlala Castries, yona eyaqala ukwenza i zifika futhi Ongoti amagugu asendulo.

Ithempeli eliyinhloko yaseGrisi yasendulo

emakhoneni zomlando, okuyinto amanxiwa kahle igcinwe, okuyinto baqashe ochwepheshe ngubani siguqulelwa emnyuziyamu wabiza Archaeological Park (amasayithi). Kuyinto kule ndawo kubhekwe engcwele Apollo - ingcebo yangempela yezwe. Ngo Delphi (Greece), izinto aziwa eziningi esikoleni, edonsela abahambi ukubazi i lesikhumbuzo wenkolo ophambili.

iziprofetho pythonesses

Endulo ethempelini, zazingekho umbingeleli abangabaLevi, ezazinesimo sengqondo ukuze ukukhulekela unkulunkulu ukukhanya, futhi isiprofetho inqubo ibalulekile. Lapha kwaba Egumbini abakhulu ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, futhi izinkulungwane ama-pilgrim, ngifuna izimpendulo zemibuzo yabo, bafika edolobheni. Bonke abakhileyo Greece ufuna ukwazi ikusasa, futhi ngokushesha leli dolobha siguqulelwa engcwele ohlonishwa kakhulu.

Izivakashi uqaphela ukuthi ithempeli isendaweni ufa ezijulile, okuthi kuzo emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule agelezé ukuhwamuka eziyinqaba. Iqiniso lokuthi emzini Delphi (Greece) ligcwele amaphutha umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Amagesi kokuphuma ebusweni ukukhanya umphumela kwezidakamizwa kukhiqizwa futhi iqondiswa abaprofethikazi e Trans.

Izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi kwenza ngendlov itshe isisekelo ezinukayo umoya eziphonsa Apollo inyoka. Pythia ephefumula intuthu futhi isihlwathi, futhi yena lapho lukhuluma Njengokusho kwalesi siprofetho, kukholakala ukuthi umlomo wakhe ukhuluma Apollo. Abapristi wethempeli - inzuzo - wanika izitatimende ifomu kunezinxushunxushu olusankondlo, kutoliga ngendlela yabo lokho okuqondwe umyalezo kaNkulunkulu.

umprofethikazi Delphic, oba namantombazane kakhulu nabesifazane ubudala, labikezela iThrojani neMpi kanye Argonauts.

Indaba Nethempeli Apollo

Ngokusho izinganekwane, isakhiwo sokuqala anikezelwe Apollo yakhiwa amagatsha umfire, futhi kamuva wabonakala maqhugwane eyenziwe ngengcina yezinyosi nethusi, kuyilapho yokugcina lalinabashumayeli tuff - edwaleni umlotha wentaba-mlilo.

Ngo 548 BC, umlilo edolobheni raged, futhi isakhiwo alahlekelwa umlilo, ngemva kwalokho umndeni Athene Alcmaeonidae cabanga ukwakhiwa nethempeli elihle ngokubabazekayo behlonipha ubuNkulunkulu. Njengoba yayakhiwe iminikelo yezakhamuzi zendawo ekwakha laluhlobo sizungezwe amakholomu Emangazwe gables ehlotshisiwe, protagonist okwakunzima Apollo. Ngeshwa, Delphi eGrisi lasendulo ihlaselwe ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, futhi engcwele labhujiswa ngokuphelele. Kuphela 330 BC, isonto elisha lazalwa.

Kwaba amanxiwa akhe, futhi izivakashi uyakubona manje futhi kusele izingxenyana we pediments embukisweni ngazo kulo mnyuziyamu bemivubukulo komuzi. I umhlobiso sangaphakathi endaweni engcwele eyayikhethwe kuncane kakhulu ezaziwayo. Indlela ukutshela ososayensi kwalahleka I-Altare Lomnikelo Poseidon, umfanekiso omkhulu kankulunkulu, isithombe Homer sika wethusi.

Centre for Ukuthula Symbol

Ithempeli lalisendaweni omphalos abadumile - ". Inkaba zomhlaba" netshe eliyindilinga, elishone phakathi emise ne iphethini engajwayelekile, okuyinto njengoba laziwa

Okwamanje, usehlane, 'Museum kanye esiqiwini bemivubukulo, izivakashi zingathola ukubona ikhophi mshini, okuyinto kufanele uyaziqhenya Delphi (Greece). Photo umbukiso uthando engavamile ukwenza izivakashi nomdlandla efuna okwengeziwe futhi uthinte itshe. Lokhu babekholelwa ukuletha inhlanhla ukuphila.

ezivulekile Museum

Cishe ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amane, baze 1901, babengabafundi yemivubukulo we amanxiwa ethempeli kuphela. Ngemva eqothula basuke lwenziwa lutholakale kubo bonke izivakashi Delphi (Greece). Izikhangibavakashi, izithombe ezivuma inhliziyo babe ugcwale injabulo, kuzothatha izivakashi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Vula zonke izimenywa Museum eyokwenza ujwayelane ziphephile esiyingqayizivele kwenkathi yobuKristu ekuseni.

Ngo amanxiwa njalo aminyene. Ingabe eziningi befuna ukukubona ngamehlo abo shrine enkulu, futhi lokhu isithakazelo kungenxa ukwehluka eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo.

A amagugu afihlekile esikhumbuzo zenkolo

Ukwakhiwa esiphawuleka kunazo zonke izakhiwo zenkolo kuyinto yengcebo Athene, eyenziwe ngemabula. Ekamelweni elincane, eyabonakala ekuqa- VI - V eminyaka BC, ke wagcinwa hhayi kuphela izinto anikezelwe Apollo, kodwa futhi wathola onakala of pi ezalethwa Delphi (Greece).

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ukuba khona kwethempeli lapha uye zanqwabelana imisebenzi evelele kunazo yobuciko. Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi obuyigugu - kuwukuphela lesikhumbuzo kahle walondoloza yonke indawo yedolobha lasendulo, lapho ochwepheshe French wabuyela ukubukeka yokuqala ngo-1906 ngaphansi egadiwe lemeya Athens. Manje ungabona it endleleni endlini engcwele.

Delphi yaseshashalazini

Ithempeli lika-Apollo khona inkundla yemidlalo izibukeli abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, lapho ososayensi yesimanje ukwazi pheze konke. Lesi sakhiwo ivulekile babe ngamaholide enkolo kanye nezemidlalo imidlalo. buka yanamuhla ye esidumile, usebhekene nokubuyiselwa eziningana, labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe zangenkathi yamaGreki namaRoma. Ngeshwa, amakhulu amaningi eminyaka lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo yabhidlika kabana ngesikhathi.

Yini enye ukubheka Delphi?

• Amanxiwa umsele, odlulayo eduze nomgwaqo omkhulu. Wadala esikhathini BC, kufihlwe ukwakhiwa komhlaba ukuma unxande bayamangala izivakashi wobunjiniyela amakhosi asendulo.
• inkundla sidilizwa. Ukwakheka engaphezulu engcwele Apollo, ihlobene eduze nomlando we imidlalo neyasePythian.
• Engcwele Road - the thoroughfare eyinhloko ethempelini, okuyinto lula ukuhamba pilgrim.
• Castalian umthombo, ohlonishwa njengendawo engcwele. Izimpahla amanzi edolobheni lasendulo, bekubonakala kabusha kambalwa. I amawa kungabonwa niches embossed leminikelo Nymphs.
• City Museum. amaqoqo Rich batawakhela emlandweni waleli zwe futhi bayohlanganyela amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene ziphephile.

Yenza uhambo ulwazi ku esidlule kuba lula kakhulu - nje vakashela Delphi has a umoya ezikhethekile ngobukhulu ngesiGreki. Lokhu wobuciko lokunikeza sonke isintu we ngempucuko yasendulo, sizothinta izintambo obucayi umphefumulo futhi unike izivakashi kwalibaleka.