Concretes yeselula: izinhlobo, umlando ukuvela ububanzi bokusebenzisa

ukhonkolo yeselula kukhona izinto itshe yokufakelwa, ehlanganisa i-ejenti ethize esibophezelayo nokuba sebuningini upraised amaseli shnyh, okuyinto ngokulinganayo basakaza ngaphakathi. Manje kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zazo. Ukushiyana kwezidalwa kwenzeka nemingcele ezifana uhlobo isibopho, kwenkululeko isicelo, kanye nezinye izimo of sokwelapha.

ngezigaba

Kuye isibopho ukhonkolo yeselula zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezilandelayo - Foam eziphathekako ukhonkolo evundile, Gypsum foamed futhi gazogips, silicate foamed negesi silicate, futhi penomagnezit futhi gazomagnezit. Esimweni sokuqala, isibopho kuyinto usimende, okwesibili - okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla Gypsum ngowesithathu - limestone, futhi sesine - ingxenye magnesia.

Ngokusho lokhu ipharamitha, njengoba ububanzi bokusebenzisa, Concretes zihlukaniswe zihlale zifudumele futhi kwesakhiwo ezishisayo. I last imikhiqizo Ukhulume of amaselula ukhonkolo (amabhlogo) zinezikhathi amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe umthwalo esindayo izakhiwo.

Ngokuphathelene indlela solidification, kukhona izindlela zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Uhlobo lokuqala Uqinisa ngaphansi kwethonya kwezimo asemkhathini, kanti eyesibili - ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi umusi.

Indaba

Ulwazi lokuqala ngomlando izinto zokwakha ezifana ukhonkolo yeselula, bahlehlela emuva 1889. Khona-ke usosayensi Czech Hoffman ukuthi evundile by d Ukungeza chloride nosawoti carbonate kuya slurry usimende. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusabela chemical iphutha ngenxa lapho igesi-effusing. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Ikhambi Ngaleso eqina, futhi kwasungulwa isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kuwo. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kamuva BaseMelika Dyer Aulsvort njengoba powder igesi ukwakha isetshenziswa, ehlanganisa ukungcola zinc, aluminium namanye izinsimbi. Ukuxhumana hydrogen ikhishwe, ukudlala indima okufakiwe intumescent. Kuyinto lokhu okusunguliwe ngesisekelo ukukhiqizwa yesimanje ngokhonkolo evundile.

umnikelo omkhulu ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza zokwakha ukwenze umsunguli IsiSwidi Ericsson. Ngo-1920, wasikisela ukuba distend ikhambi ngokungeza impahla siliceous kanye usimende. Lukhuni kuleli cala kumele kwenzeke i autoclave ngesikhathi ingcindezi 8 eziphindwe. Ngemva kwalokho ukhonkolo yeselula ngale ndlela kwaqala ukukhiqizwa eSweden ngokwayo, bese kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho simisa izinhlobo ezimbili nje. Eyokuqala yalezi kwaba silicate igesi, emele ukhonkolo kanye nesakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, ezazihlanganisa ingxube lime kanye izithasiselo siliceous. Ngo-1934 lapho nakho kwaba bhekisisa - siporex - SOS toyaschy izingxenye siliceous futhi Portland usimende.

ukukhiqizwa Modern futhi ububanzi

Ngo iningi ukhonkolo yeselula (GOST 21520-89) isiyatholakala ngesimo amabhlogo. Basuke njengelinye lamazwe zokwakha ezivamile (kanye izitini Ceramic). Ngokuqondene ububanzi, kuba impela ebanzi, ngoba kulezi zakhiwo esakhiwe konke kusuka izindonga abavamile elingaphakathi, ziphethe umthwalo esindayo izindonga. Izinga usayizi amabhlogo kuyinto 600h300h200 amamilimitha angu. Nokho, olutholakala Ngokufaka Isicelo, nabanye. Esimweni lapho kwabantu plate kuyinto amakhilogremu esingaphansi anamakhulu mahlanu ngalinye imitha cubic, ingasetshenziswa ngisho ngesimo ungqimba ukushisa-nangokuvikela.