Desensitizing ejenti: uhlu kanye nencazelo

Desensitizing ejenti (antiallergics, antihistamine) - izidakamizwa eziye zasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimo nomzimba. Lo mshini wezenzo ngezimpawu ezinjalo kuboniswa ngesimo ekuvimbeni receptor H1-histamine. Ngakho-ke, i-ukucindezelwa of histamine imiphumela - main umlamuleli ikhemikhali inikeza iningi ukubonakala izimpawu nomzimba.

Histamine ezikhonjwe ezicutshini isilwane ngo-1907, ngesikhathi 1936, futhi, izidakamizwa kuqala Kwatholakala okuyinto engasenamahloni umphumela yalolu ketshezi. Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene zisikisela ukuthi ngokusebenzisa nethonya layo gistaminoretseptory zokuphefumula uhlelo, isikhumba namehlo kubangela izimpawu ejwayelekile komzimba kanye antihistamine engenzeka ukucindezela okunjena.

Ukwahlukanisa desensitizing ejenti ngalo mshini yemiphumela ku izinhlobo ezahlukene komzimba:

• Imithi ohlotsheni ngokushesha komzimba.

• Imithi for imisiwe-uhlobo hypersensitivity.

Imithi ohlotsheni ngokushesha komzimba

1. Agents ukuthi zivimbela ukukhululwa kwe balamuli iguliswa kusukela bushelelezi imisipha amaseli bese basophilic, lo okusithiyayo waphawula we wendlale cytotoxic wokusabela iguliswa :

• β1-Adrenomimeticalkie izimali;

• glucocorticoid;

• myotropic imiphumela antispasmodic.

2. stabilizers cell ulwelwesi.

3. blocker H1-histamine yokwamukela amaseli.

4. Desensitizing.

5. inhibitor kohlelo umphelelisi.

Agents uthatha isinyathelo imisiwe-uhlobo hypersensitivity

1. ama-NSAID.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. cytotoxic.

pathogenesis of yokungezwani komzimba

Ukuthuthukiswa pathogenetic of yokungezwani komzimba sinendima ebalulekile of histamine is umqondo kusuka histidine futhi zibekwe basophils (insika amaseli), lo ezicutshini (kuhlanganise igazi) izinhlayiya zegazi, eosinophils, ama-lymphocyte, nasoketshezini begazi. Histamine kumaseli emelelwa isigaba deaktivnoy kuhlangene amaprotheni polysaccharides. Ikhishwe ngenxa mechanical isici cell, ukusabela komzimba, ngaphansi kwethonya imikhiqizo zamakhemikhali yasekhemisi. Inactivation kwenzeka nge histaminase yayo kwezicubu mucosal. Ukwenza H1 receptor ke ekujabulisayo phospholipids ulwelwesi. Ngenxa yokulumbana kwamakhemikhali, lokho kuthuthukisa izimo ezibangela Ukungena esitokisini Ca, futhi izenzo yokugcina ku bushelelezi imisipha.

Ukulingisa gistaminoretseptory H2 histamine kuholela asebenzayo adenylate cyclase kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga ukukhiqizwa ekamu yeselula, kudala ukwanda uketshezi we mucosa esiswini. Ngakho, desensitizing ejenti ezithile asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa uketshezi of HCl.

Histamine ukhiqiza capillary isandiso inikeza okhulisa permeability izindonga imithambo yegazi, impendulo edematous, ekunciphiseni zomthamo, okuholela ukuqina blood pressure ukuncipha kwemithambo, bronchial bushelelezi imisipha ungqimba ngenxa yokucasuka H1 gistaminoretseptorov; oluqinisayo adrenaline ukukhululwa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.

Owenza la mangqamuzana H1 ka endothelial capillary izindonga, histamine kudedela prostacyclin kuthuthukisa imvume emincane (ikakhulukazi ama-venule) yensimbi igazi therein bebek afundwa umthamo wegazi, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhululwa kwe-plasma, amaprotheni amangqamuzana egazi ngokusebenzisa izindonga enwetshiwe mezhendotelialnogo isikhala.

Kusukela zamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini lama-20. futhi amalungiselelo kuze kube manje desensitizing ayithelanga izinguquko ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ososayensi baye wakwazi ukwakha imithi emisha ayinayo imiphumela eminingi engemihle futhi uhlu umsebenzi uhambe kahle. Ngesikhathi sigaba okwamanje, kukhona ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko izidakamizwa antiallergic: kuqala, isizukulwane sesibili nesesithathu.

Desensitizing agents of isizukulwane sokuqala

Desensitizing ejenti isizukulwane 1st kudlule kalula ngokusebenzisa kusivimbeli gazi ebuchosheni (Bbb) futhi axhunyiwe ukuba gistaminoretseptorami cortex. Lokhu desensitizing neqhaza imiphumela sine ezifana ngesimo a ukozela okuncane, bese ngesimo ubuthongo umsindo. Medsredstva isizukulwane 1st ngaphezu kwalokho kuthinte lengqondo ubuchopho ukuphendula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kulinganiselwe ngamaqembu ahlukene iziguli.

Iphuzu ezengeziwe ezimbi futhi isenzo ezincintisana acetylcholine, ngoba le mithi kungaba uxhumana muscarinic kwalapho njengoba acetylcholine. Ngakho, ngaphandle isinyathelo apholisayo mithi kubangele nomlomo owomile, ukuqunjelwa, futhi tachycardia.

Desensitizing isizukulwane 1st ngokuqapha engabelwe ukufiphala izilonda, isifo senhliziyo, futhi lihambisana antidiabetic nezidakamizwa psychotropic. Akufanele bathathe izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi ngenxa ikhono kuholele ekubeni umlutha wezithombe.

Desensitizing ejenti isizukulwane 2nd

Le mithi ziyezwana eliphezulu kakhulu nge-receptor histamine, kanye nempahla abakhethayo, ngaleyo ndlela hhayi ukwenza ngokuvumelana la mangqamuzana muscarinic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu Ukungena ongaphakeme yonkana Bbb futhi akuzona umlutha, musa ukukhiqiza ukupholisa (ngezinye izikhathi kwezinye iziguli ikhono kalula ukozela).

Ekupheleni yokwamukela nomphumela oqabulayo izidakamizwa ungahlala izinsuku ezingu-7.

Ezinye ifa imiphumela eqeda ukuvuvukala, umphumela cardiotonic. Ububi yokugcina kudinga nokulawula uhlelo senhliziyo ngesikhathi ukungena yabo.

Desensitizing ejenti wesithathu (entsha) isizukulwane

isizukulwane esisha antisense imithi elinesimo selectivity eliphezulu ukuze gistaminoretseptoram. Abanaso kubangele ukupholisa futhi akazange kuthinte imithambo yenhliziyo negazi.

Ukusebenzisa le mithi sazibonakalisa ngesikhathi isikhathi eside therapy antiallergic - ukwelashwa rhinitis iguliswa, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Desensitizing izidakamizwa izingane

Allergy imithi izingane abangabakhe iqembu H1-blocker, noma antisense izidakamizwa - umuthi senzelwe ekwelapheni ukusabela okuhlukahlukene nomzimba umzimba wengane. Kuleli qembu kwemithi avelele:

• I isizukulwane.

• II isizukulwane.

• III isizukulwane.

Amalungiselelo izingane - isizukulwane mina

Yini khona desensitizing izidakamizwa? Zibhaleni phansi ethulwa ngezansi:

• "Fenistil" - rekomenovan izingane ezindala kuka ngenyanga eyodwa ngesimo amathonsi.

• "Diphenhydramine" - phezu izinyanga eziyisikhombisa.

• "Suprastin" - ngaphezu konyaka owodwa. Ngaphambi wamiswa kuphela ngesimo komjovo futhi kuphela ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha udokotela.

• "Fenkarol" - ezingaphezu kuka-iminyaka emithathu.

• "Diazolin" - abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-amabili.

• "Clemastine" - abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-eziyisithupha, ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12. ngesimo isiraphu umjovo.

• "Tavegil" - abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-eziyisithupha, ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12. ngesimo isiraphu umjovo.

Amalungiselelo izingane - II Generation

Okuvame kakhulu izidakamizwa desensitizing yalolu hlobo:

• "Zyrtec" - izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha ngesimo iconsi futhi iminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha ifomu tablet.

• "Claritin" - ezingaphezu kuka iminyaka emibili.

• "Aerius" - ngaphezu konyaka owodwa ngesimo isiraphu, futhi phezu eyishumi nambili ifomu tablet.

Amalungiselelo izingane - III isizukulwane

ejenti Desensitizing yalolu hlobo zihlanganisa:

• "Astemizole" - ezingaphezu kuka iminyaka emibili.

• "Terfenadine" - kuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu ngefomu okwesikhashana futhi iminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha ifomu tablet.

Sithemba ukuthi lesi siqephu okukhethiwe kwemishanguzo elwa iguliswa ngoba umzimba wengane (hhayi kuphela) ukusiza ukuzulazula ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa imithi enjalo kumelwe uqiniseke ukuthi ufunda imiyalelo, okuyinto ungakwazi ukubhekana lo mbuzo: "ebulala izidakamizwa - kuyini?". Futhi kufanele afune usizo lodokotela.